Federal Institutional Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
Lori Thorlakson
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Way

Two aspects of federal institutional design can have a powerful impact on parties and party competition, and especially on the emergence of independent or integrated arenas of competition. The first is the way in which federal institutions allocate resources to the subnational and federal levels. The second is the extent to which the constitutional allocation of policy responsibility creates legislative or administrative interdependence or autonomy. This chapter discusses how these two institutional dimensions shape the incentives that parties and voters face, and presents an operationalization of several indicators for measuring these aspects of institutional design in seven multi-level systems.

Party Organizational Linkage

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-101
Author(s):  
Lori Thorlakson
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Vertical Linkages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Organizational Linkages ◽  
The Way ◽  
Organizational Linkage

The literature argues that vertically integrated parties are important for generating or encouraging stability in multi-level systems. This chapter differentiates between party organizational linkages at the level of resources and services, cooperation, and attitudinal dimensions. Drawing on data from a survey of over 250 subnational party organizations in seven multi-level systems, this chapter shows that the institutional design of a federation does not necessarily predict the way in which parties share resources and services through vertical linkages, but it does help us predict other important aspects of multi-level organization. This includes the degree of shared values and the ideological distance between subnational and federal parties.

scholarly journals SYARI’AH DALAM PERSPEKTIF PELAKU BISNIS MLM SYARI’AH AHADNET INTERNASIONAL ( Studi Kasus di Kota Semarang )

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Choirul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Business Operations ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Wrong Interpretation ◽  
The Way

<em>PT. Ahadnet International, a business Multi Level Marketing (MLM) Syariah, is a MLM business operations based on the principles of syari'ah . The business attracted many people from among Muslims because it offers businesses with marketing Islamic halal products and toyyib. No doubt, many Muslims were later merged into the Ahadnet MITRANIAGA. Nevertheless, the Muslims interests of this business does not mean not raising the issue. Labeling the word “Syariah” is attached to the naming MLM International Syari’ah Ahadnet it needs proper interpretation. Wrong interpretation of the word shariah for the Ahadnet International MLM syari’ah business will bring counterproductive, both for the company, MITRANIAGA and for Islam itself. Seeing this phenomenon, it is through this study, researchers are trying to see how far the understanding of the actors (MITRANIAGA) International Ahadnet the term shari’ah. Their understanding of Shari’ah will affect the way they work on the syariah business in genera,  particularly MLM syari’ah business</em>

When Moderate Voters Prefer Extreme Parties: Policy Balancingin Parliamentary Elections

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORIT KEDAR
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Voter Behavior ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Voter Choice ◽  
The Way

This work develops and tests a theory of voter choice in parliamentary elections. I demonstrate that voters are concerned with policy outcomes and hence incorporate the way institutions convert votes to policy into their choices. Since policy is often the result of institutionalized multiparty bargaining and thus votes are watered down by power-sharing, voters often compensate for this watering-down by supporting parties whose positions differ from (and are often more extreme than) their own. I use this insight to reinterpret an ongoing debate between proximity and directional theories of voting, showing that voters prefer parties whose positions differ from their own views insofar as these parties pull policy in a desired direction. Utilizing data from four parliamentary democracies that vary in their institutional design, I test my theory and show how institutional context affects voter behavior.

scholarly journals Party Competition and Emotive Rhetoric

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Kosmidis ◽  
Sara B. Hobolt ◽  
Eamonn Molloy ◽  
Stephen Whitefield
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
The Way

When do parties use emotive rhetoric to appeal to voters? In this article, we argue that politicians are more likely to employ positive affect (valence) in their rhetoric to appeal to voters when parties are not ideologically distinct and when there is uncertainty about public preferences. To test these propositions, our article uses well-established psycholinguistic affect dictionaries to generate scores from three time series of political text: British party manifestos (1900-2015) and annual party leaders’ speeches (1977-2014) as well as U.S. Presidents’ State of the Union addresses (1880-2016). Our findings corroborate our expectations and have important implications for the study of party competition by illuminating the role of valence in the way politicians communicate their policies.

Governments in Opposition? Devolution, Multi-level Government and Party Competition in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola McEwen ◽  
Wilfried Swenden ◽  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Party Competition ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Level Government

ZAWOALOWANA I BEZPOŚREDNIA UWAGI O FEMINOŚWIATACH MARII PINIŃSKIEJ-BEREŚ I EWY PARTUM1

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 108-135
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kostołowski
Keyword(s):  
Multi Level ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

The proposals of art by the internationally known: Maria Pinińska-Bereś (1931–1999) and Ewa Partum (b. 1945) have been emerging since the 1960s and 1970s as the successive steps driving through the shell of masculine domination in art. Owing to the power and coherence of the liberation endeavours, both artists have worked out their own forms of creativity. Through the individuality of feminine approaches they manifested in their statements some sort of model message, and at the same time a uniqueness in the way of using artistic means of expression. For the sculpturess and “performeress” Pinińska-Bereś entangled in the multi- level dualism of the patriarchal domination and neo-avant-guarde freedom, the method depended on showing psychoanalytically filtered depths through the veiled object allusions. For the relatively early emancipated and direct in her strong performances conceptual artist, Ewa Partum, the fusion of corporal presence with critical ideas was, and still is, important.

Public Enforcement of EU Antitrust Law: A Circle of Trust?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-154
Author(s):  
Naida Dzino ◽  
Catalin S. Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Public Enforcement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Eu

The concept of trust is key to effectively enforcing the EU antitrust prohibitions in the ECN multi-level administration context. The manifestation of this concept is identified at different stages of the public enforcement system, where the Commission and the NCAs share the enforcement workload and assist each other's actions. Various EU legislative, soft-law and case-law landmarks have progressively contributed to developing this idea of trust, culminating with the adoption of Directive 2019/1, which aims to render NCAs as more effective enforcers of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. In this paper, we intend to determine whether the Directive furthers the trust already established in the last fifteen years of enforcement experience. We first track the development of the trust in the NCAs' EU antitrust enforcement work and assesses the building-blocks on which trust is shaped. Next, we evaluate the Directive's core elements (dealing with institutional design, enforcement and sanctioning powers, leniency, mutual assistance, etc.), in order to gauge their trust-enhancing potential, and to test whether the Directive correctly follows through the EU hard-, soft-, and case-law. We also look into any remaining enforcement gaps, which may undermine the trust between the European antitrust enforcers, and consequently the Directive's core objectives.

scholarly journals Book review: Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
State Restructuring ◽  
Vertical Linkages ◽  
Multi Level

Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe is a study of territorial dynamics within party systems and party organizations in Western European multi-layered systems. It argues that processes of state restructuring and party crisis have forced parties to adapt their competitive strategies and internal structures. With the logic of territorial party competition becoming more complex, parties in Europe have developed quite different responses to deal with the challenges of multi-level politics. This book challenges the 'national bias' of party research which has traditionally focused on the statewide level by assuming broadly uniform patterns. Speaking to students of party politics and territorial studies, it contributes to a new territorial approach which acknowledges the importance of multi-layered institutional framing for party politics. Its also includes a thorough comparative analysis of vertical linkages and sub-state autonomy in Austrian, Belgian, British, German and Spanish parties.

scholarly journals 13. Europeanization and Political Parties

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ladrech
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Types Of Change

This chapter examines the ways in which the European Union and the political parties of member states interact and cause change. It considers various types of change, causal mechanisms, and the differences between parties and the EU in both older and newer member states. The chapter first provides an overview of the different partisan actors that operate in the multi-level system of domestic and EU politics before discussing the manner in which domestic political parties can be said to have ‘Europeanized’. It then shows how parties in older and newer member states differ and concludes with an assessment of the wider effects of Europeanization on domestic politics in general and party politics in particular. The chapter suggests that the EU’s influence, in both east and west, may be more significant in the long run in terms of its indirect impact on patterns of party competition.

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