The Sociolegal Significance of Membership

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-202
Author(s):  
Kate Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Mutual Aid

Chapter 6 revisits debates about the role of membership in building alternative, non-capitalist forms of collective being. Rather than assuming that the committed member is distinct from the passive, usually feminized consumer, the chapter seeks instead to explore the ways that membership is, or is not, activated in non-commercial and commercial gambling. Using bingo practices as evidence, the chapter probes the blurred boundaries between membership and consumption, exploring how the two are co-constituted. After charting the gendered and racialized membership exclusions in working men’s clubs, the chapter traces how women’s bingo organising labour involves resistance to state membership rules. Mutual aid practices are sustained by this resistance. Finally, the chapter identifies a distinctive sense of membership within commercial bingo, wherein halls become the realm of occupying players—usually older women—who act like they own the place. The chapter thereby seeks to trouble the dichotomy between membership and consumption.

Kropotkin

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kinna
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Revolutionary Politics

This book is designed to remove Peter Kropotkin from the framework of classical anarchism. By focusing attention on his theory of mutual aid, it argues that the classical framing distorts Kropotkin's political theory by associating it with a narrowly positivistic conception of science, a naively optimistic idea of human nature and a millenarian idea of revolution. Kropotkin's abiding concern with Russian revolutionary politics is the lens for this analysis. The argument is that his engagement with nihilism shaped his conception of science and that his expeditions in Siberia underpinned an approach to social analysis that was rooted in geography. Looking at Kropotkin's relationship with Elisée Reclus and Erico Malatesta and examining his critical appreciation of P-J. Proudhon, Michael Bakunin and Max Stirner, the study shows how he understood anarchist traditions and reveals the special character of his anarchist communism. His idea of the state as a colonising process and his contention that exploitation and oppression operate in global contexts is a key feature of this. Kropotkin's views about the role of theory in revolutionary practice show how he developed this critique of the state and capitalism to advance an idea of political change that combined the building of non-state alternatives through direct action and wilful disobedience. Against critics who argue that Kropotkin betrayed these principles in 1914, the book suggests that this controversial decision was consistent with his anarchism and that it reflected his judgment about the prospects of anarchistic revolution in Russia.

The role of maternal age in the assisted reproductive technologies

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Damario ◽  
Owen K Davis ◽  
Zev Rosenwaks
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Western World ◽  
Delayed Childbearing ◽  
Art Outcome

Age is perhaps the most important single variable influencing outcome in the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The effect of advancing age on clinical ART outcome is manifested not only in the pattern of ovarian response to stimulation regimens, but also in reduced implantation efficiency and an increased spontaneous abortion rate. The clinical importance of these factors is compounded by the fact that increasing numbers of older women are presenting for ART treatment. Delayed childbearing is becoming increasingly common in the western world. The availability of methods of birth control, educational and career priorities for women, and the increased rates of divorce and remarriage are some of the factors contributing to this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Crafting resilience for later life

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
Jackie Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Wide Range

This chapter studies the role of long-running craft activities in the lives of older women. The craft activities are understood as both creative and social experiences, and both aspects are seen as supporting resilience responses to the challenges of later life. Resilience is here understood as both individual and communal. The sense of purpose and meaning, and in particular the supportive networks that are accessed through membership of craft groups, can be seen to help people to deal with a range of challenges, some of them linked to later life. The findings highlight the wide range of emotional and practical support that is generated through craft groups. They also emphasise the value of volunteering as a component of resilience from both an individual and community perspective.

Breast biopsy patterns and findings among older women undergoing screening mammography: The role of age and comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Advani ◽  
Linn Abraham ◽  
Diana S.M. Buist ◽  
Karla Kerlikowske ◽  
Diana L. Miglioretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Screening Mammography

Eyes Down

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
Kate Bedford
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Gambling Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step ◽  
National Life ◽  
Friendly Societies ◽  
The 1960S

Using legislation, case law, and official records (including Hansard), Chapter 2 outlines the early history of state intervention into bingo in England and Wales. The chapter traces the gradual liberalization of restrictions on small-scale gambling, and the subsequent backlash against bingo in the 1960s. It also tells a new story about gambling regulation and political economy. In particular, it excavates the key role of mutual aid to elite debates about the proper place of gambling in national life. Although many authors have argued that disavowal of gambling helped legitimize the forms of collective insurance developed by early friendly societies and similar associations, the chapter shows that gambling played a key role—as entertainment and mutual aid—within working men’s clubs, and that it was promoted by the state. This mutual aid dimension of gambling was heavily conflicted in gendered terms. Lawmakers were lobbied by bingo-organizing men, with women’s interests at least one step removed from Hansard. Unequal gender roles were hereby woven into dominant understandings of small-scale gambling.

The Participation of npos in the Economic Development of Rural Communities in China: A Review of the Existing Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhao ◽  
Zhaonan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

This article reviews literature of the last ten years on the participation of nonprofit organizations (npos) in the economic development of Chinese rural communities. The article starts by illustrating the significant role of npos in the economic development of Chinese rural communities, and summarizing three ways of npos’ participation: mobilizing farmers to establish and join mutual aid organizations; providing farmers with market information services; providing farmers with technological services. The existing literature investigates the positive role of npos in the economic development of Chinese rural communities from three theoretical perspectives: “social capital,” “collective action,” and “community-driven development.” However, in reality, unlike in theory, npos do not always play a positive role. They are faced with challenges in such areas as sound internal governance, professional external services, institutional environment, social cognition and financing environment. These issues are mentioned in some literature, but have not attracted enough theoretical attention. The existing literature is mainly based on theorization, and empirical studies are relatively insufficient.

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