Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jef Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Power Asymmetries ◽  
Economic Trends

Chapter 1 sets the scene for this book. It does so by charting some of the main technological and economic trends underlying today's information-driven power asymmetries and individuals' loss of control over (personal) data. This is made concrete in four real-word vignettes (on Uber, Facebook, Google and Apple), each highlighting different problematic facets and featuring throughout the rest of the book. The Chapter ends with providing a roadmap for the book as a whole, explaining the central themes and questions and how they relate to one another.

Personal Data and Power Asymmetries in U.S. Collegiate Sports Teams

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (GROUP) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Samantha Kolovson ◽  
Calvin Liang ◽  
Sean A. Munson ◽  
Kate Starbird
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Power Asymmetries

Chapter 1. Economic trends

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Christina Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Economic Trends

Article 4(12). Personal data breach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Tosoni
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Data Breach ◽  
Natural Person

A personal data breach may, if not addressed in an appropriate and timely manner, result in physical, material or non-material damage to natural persons such as loss of control over their personal data or limitation of their rights, discrimination, identity theft or fraud, financial loss, unauthorised reversal of pseudonymisation, damage to reputation, loss of confidentiality of personal data protected by professional secrecy or any other significant economic or social disadvantage to the natural person concerned.

CONTEMPORARY THREATS TO SOLDIERS SERVING ABROAD ASSOCIATED WITH THREATS FOR SOLDIERS SERVING ABROAD CONNECTED WITH LOSS OF CONTROL OVER PERSONAL DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol XV - Wydanie specjalne ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Marcin Budzyński
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Government

Poland as a country that actively participates in maintaining and opening peace in the world is exposed to various threats to the security of our country. The Polish government sends soldiers of the Polish Army to different regions of the world with the mission to create, maintain and create peace on all continents. Polish soldiers serve in peace-keeping, training and stabilisation missions all over the world under the auspices of the UN and NATO, and are exposed to various threats. One of these threats is the loss of personal data of Polish Armed Forces soldiers. Loss of these data affects the safety of our soldiers performing tasks outside the country and their families remaining in Poland, and thus affects the safety of our country.

The Geographic Production of Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Bier
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Audre Lorde ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Power Asymmetries ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Mapping Israel, Mapping Palestine provides an extended critique of the notion that technoscientific facts should function as impartial arbiters in international conflicts. Chapter 6, “The Geographic Production of Knowledge”, draws on this overarching motif to explore its significance for broader research on knowledge and expertise. In particular, it highlights the need for researchers to materially alter the process of research in order to enable more heterogeneous landscapes for knowledge production. Returning to the themes of internationalism, landscape, and symmetry from chapter 1, this chapter also critically draws on the work of iconic poets and social justice activists like Mahmoud Darwish, Audre Lorde, and Nawal El Saadawi. It explores the following questions: How can researchers reflexively reshape landscapes in order to allow for more socially just forms of knowledge? What are the challenges to solidarity and cooperation due to geographical imbalances of power? The resulting analysis returns to the overall notion of geographic production, while also indicating a further layer of reflexivity for critical theory: the practice of material reflexivity, or awareness of one’s own situated position in landscapes with respect to power asymmetries—asymmetries that include international and economic hierarchies within academia itself.

Summary and Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Jef Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Power Asymmetries ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Data Subject

The last chapter of this book summarises the main points of all individual chapters. As such, it tries to frame a more comprehensive answer to the central question throughout the book: i.e. does the right to erasure meaningfully contribute to safeguarding the fundamental right to data protection in the face of online power asymmetries? In traditional lawyer-fashion, the answer is 'yes... but', with the 'but' referring to several potential hurdles that might obstruct an effective exercise of the right to erasure. Importantly, data subject rights can be powerful tools not just to safeguard the fundamental right to data protection, but many other Charter provisions as well. The chapter concludes that the right to data protection not only implies the freedom to proactively control one's personal data, but also safeguards that freedom from being effectively usurped (e.g. by commercial, technological or bureaucratic forces). The GDPR contributes to this aim both by concrete empowerment tools, as well as by turning the processing of personal data into a liability.

Morphological Awareness Skills of Second- and Third-Grade Students With and Without Speech Sound Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-616
Author(s):  
Kenn Apel ◽  
Victoria S. Henbest
Keyword(s):  
Word Reading ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Pseudoword Reading

Purpose Morphological awareness is the ability to consciously manipulate the smallest units of meaning in language. Morphological awareness contributes to success with literacy skills for children with typical language and those with language impairment. However, little research has focused on the morphological awareness skills of children with speech sound disorders (SSD), who may be at risk for literacy impairments. No researcher has examined the morphological awareness skills of children with SSD and compared their skills to children with typical speech using tasks representing a comprehensive definition of morphological awareness, which was the main purpose of this study. Method Thirty second- and third-grade students with SSD and 30 with typical speech skills, matched on age and receptive vocabulary, completed four morphological awareness tasks and measures of receptive vocabulary, real-word reading, pseudoword reading, and word-level spelling. Results Results indicated there was no difference between the morphological awareness skills of students with and without SSD. Although morphological awareness was moderately to strongly related to the students' literacy skills, performance on the morphological awareness tasks contributed little to no additional variance to the children's real-word reading and spelling skills beyond what was accounted for by pseudoword reading. Conclusions Findings suggest that early elementary-age students with SSD may not present with concomitant morphological awareness difficulties and that the morphological awareness skills of these students may not play a unique role in their word-level literacy skills. Limitations and suggestions for future research on the morphological awareness skills of children with SSD are discussed.

Some Clinical Notes on Forced Stuttering

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bloodstein ◽  
Roberta Levy Shogan
Keyword(s):  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
High Degree

Stutterers sometimes report that by exerting articulatory pressure they can force themselves to have “real” blocks. A procedure was devised for instructing subjects to force stuttering under various conditions and for recording their introspections. Most subjects were able to force at least a few blocks which they regarded as real. Most of the words on which the attempts were said to succeed were feared or difficult words, and at times subjects assisted the process by “telling” themselves that they would not be able to say the word. Fewer subjects were able to force blocks on isolated sounds than on words, and almost none claimed to succeed on mere articulatory contacts. Subjects repeatedly characterized “real” stuttering as involving feelings of physical tension and loss of control over speech. The nature of the forced block is discussed with reference to a concept of stuttering as a struggle reaction which has acquired a high degree of automaticity.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

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