The Unsynchable William Faulkner

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-170
Author(s):  
Jay Watson
Keyword(s):  
William Faulkner ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Aesthetic Development ◽  
Sound Film ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
Image Stream

The early years of the “talkies,” which correspond with Faulkner’s surge into a fully realized literary modernism, brought technical problems that the cinema was slow to work out, especially the challenge of synchronizing the film soundtrack with its image stream to achieve verisimilitude. This technical crisis pointed to new creative opportunities for artists imaginative enough to seize the possibilities and extend montage effects across the visual and auditory realms. As sound film struggled through its growing pains, Faulkner experimented with new stylistic techniques of punctuation that introduced new discontinuities between speech and speaker, voice and subject, sound and source, into literary narration and onto the printed page, making his own unique contribution to his era’s aesthetic repertoire. This transmedial embrace of asynchrony went hand in hand with a new appreciation for the affective and thematic potential of silence, another aesthetic development that leaves its mark on Faulkner’s contemporaneous fictions.

Sayyid Ahmad Khan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lelyveld
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women's Equality

The lifetime of Sayyid Ahmad Khan (“Sir Syed”) (1817–1898) spans profound transformations introduced to India and the wider world by the twin forces industrial capitalism and British imperialism. Sayyid Ahmad’s intellectual responses to a changing world and his leadership in the establishment of educational institutions, voluntary associations, and a broad public sphere all played a significant role in defining what it means to be Muslim, especially in India and what would become Pakistan but also in wider cosmopolitan and global networks. The development, compromises, and contradictions of Sayyid Ahmad’s ideas and projects over time track the challenges he faced. If these efforts pointed the way to some sort of modernity, it was rooted in the Indo-Persian and Islamic formation of his early years and developed by selectively adopting bits and pieces of European ideologies, technologies, practices, and organizational arrangements. He has been claimed or condemned by advocates and opponents of a wide range of ideological and political tendencies under circumstances that he would barely have recognized in his own time: nationalism, democracy, women’s equality, and religious and literary modernism. At different points in his career one may find mysticism, scriptural literalism, and daring rationalism with respect to religious texts; charters for Muslim “separatism” and calls for Hindu-Muslim unity; demands for autonomy and political representation and opposition to it; bold critiques of British rulers; and proclamations of “loyalty” to the colonial state. A major figure in the advancement of the Urdu language, he later argued for the superiority of English, of which he himself had little, for the purposes of education and administration. Most of all, he helped establish an intellectual and institutional framework for contemporaries and future generations to debate and pursue collective goals based on religion, language, social status, or class interest.

The singing film star in early French sound cinema

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Sound Film ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
Stage Performances ◽  
Film Style ◽  
Josephine Baker

In the early years of synchronized sound film, cinema’s relationship to live theatre was a topic of debate. Many stars from the Parisian stage successfully transitioned to the screen, becoming important figures in establishing a French national sound film style at a time when the medium’s future remained uncertain. Not only did French audiences take pleasure in hearing French stars speak on-screen, but the French singing voice also had an equally influential, if less examined, effect. Songs performed on-screen by stars from the French stage bridged theatrical traditions and sound cinema’s emerging audio-visual aesthetics. This article examines the singing star in early French sound cinema. Drawing on scholarly approaches to stardom in France and abroad by Richard Dyer and Ginette Vincendeau, I focus on musical numbers in early French sound films that feature three singers already famous on the Parisian stage: Fernandel, Henri Garat and Josephine Baker. I consider how these songs are visually structured around the singing star’s stage presence, and how the soundtrack was likewise constructed around their voices familiar to audiences from recordings and stage performances. Through my analysis, I show how the singing star contributed to a broader acceptance of sound cinema in France.

Finnegans Wake

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Creasy
Keyword(s):  
James Joyce ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Finnegans Wake ◽  
New Science ◽  
Literary Periodicals ◽  
The World ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Finnegan's Wake

An experimental masterpiece by James Joyce, published in 1939. Joyce began writing it during 1923 and parts of it appeared under the title Work-in-Progress within literary periodicals, such as transition, and in pamphlet form. It has a reputation as the most difficult text of literary modernism. Joyce set out to write "a history of the world" and much of the structure of the book derives from Italian philosopher and historian Giambatista Vico’s New Science (1725), which breaks down history into a series of cyclic phases. The final title, however, alludes to a Dublin street ballad about a builder who falls from a ladder: Tim Finnegan is aroused from unconsciousness when a drop of whisky touches his mouth during the wake organized by his family, who think him dead. Joyce used this to allude to Viconian myths of fall and redemption or resurrection. It was written during the early years of Irish independence and the Wake’s mythic re-cycling of history and literature also bears upon contemporary developments. The absence of apostrophe in the title is deliberate: although derived from "Finnegan’s Wake," it also urges the Irish (Finnegans) to rise from their historical stupor.

Imagining Sound Film

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Aesthetic Development ◽  
French Film ◽  
Sound Film

Chapter 1 focuses on writings in the French press by filmmakers, composers, and critics about sound film and its arrival in France. From sound film’s first successes in Hollywood, French critics paid careful attention to the new technology, and they wrote prolifically and prescriptively about how they believed the French film industry should respond to it. Many filmmakers expressed concern that sound film would upset cinema’s aesthetic development, but many others approached the new technology with excitement, particularly when it came to its musical applications. The debates in the French press surrounding sound film reveal how the new medium, and music’s role within it, was by no means a fixed entity for composers, directors, journalists, or audiences.

War Poems from 1914

PMLA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 1747-1760
Author(s):  
David Ben-Merre ◽  
Robert Scholes
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Robert Penn Warren ◽  
Digital Edition ◽  
Little Magazines ◽  
Proper Form ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University

In October 1912 the first issue of Harriet Monroe's new journal, Poetry: A magazine of verse, appeared. The last has yet to come. In an era when little magazines came and went like mayflies, Poetry came and has refused to go. The journal had it all—in its early years it was at the forefront of debates about imagism, vers libre, and other issues concerning the “proper” form and content for poetry. Monroe, its editor, is still insufficiently appreciated as a major figure in literary modernism. We hope to change that. Supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Modernist Journals Project (MJP) has completed a digital edition of the first eleven years of this distinguished journal, using original copies provided by the University of Chicago Library, supplemented in some instances by copies from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the University of Tulsa's McFarlin Library. Those of us working on this edition have discovered many interesting things, including the first publication of Joyce Kilmer's “Trees,” which Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren later used as the primary example of bad poetry in their New Critical textbook, Understanding Poetry (274–78).

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND STRUCTURE AS DETERMINANTS OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF KITUI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Japheth Mbiti ◽  
Sedina Misango
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
County Government ◽  
Unique Contribution

Purpose: In early years of the 21st Century, Kenya started a journey of developing a new constitution which established the devolved system of government to improve on governance gaps. Since the introduction of devolution, County governments have introduced new organizational culture and structures which assist in service delivery. Consequent to this development, the objective of the study was to determine the influence of organizational culture and structure on service delivery in the County Government of Kitui and specific objectives of the study were to establish the influence of organizational culture and organizational structure on service delivery in the County Government of Kitui. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design and made use of a sample size by use of both stratified random and simple random sampling methods to establish the study sample. For effective data collection, the study was based on primary data which was both qualitative and quantitative. The data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.The analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was presented in form of frequency tables for easy interpretation. Regression analysis was employed to establish the relationship between the variables. Results: The study established that organizational structure and organizational culture have significant effect on the Kitui county residence service delivery. The study concludes that the County government has implemented the constitutional structure and adopted a beneficial culture which ensures good planning procedures for effective service delivery. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the County management should embrace good governance and promote the available cultural practices and that the structure be made shorter to empower junior officers with more authority and responsibilities.

William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Watson
Keyword(s):  
William Faulkner ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Us South ◽  
Late Work ◽  
The Us ◽  
Yoknapatawpha County ◽  
Modernist Studies ◽  
Under Construction

William Faulkner has enjoyed a secure reputation as American modernism’s foremost fiction writer, and as a landmark figure in international literary modernism, for well over half a century. Less secure, however, has been any scholarly consensus about what those modernist credentials actually entail. Over recent decades, there have been lively debates in modernist studies over the who, what, where, when, and how of the surprisingly elusive phenomena of modernism and modernity. It is the aim of this book to broaden and deepen an understanding of Faulkner’s oeuvre by following some of the guiding questions and insights of new modernism studies scholarship into understudied aspects of Faulkner’s literary modernism and his cultural modernity. William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity explores Faulkner’s rural Mississippians as modernizing subjects in their own right rather than mere objects of modernization; traces the new speed gradients, media formations, and intensifications of sensory and affective experience that the twentieth century brought to the cities and countryside of the US South; maps the fault lines in whiteness as a racial modernity under construction and contestation during the Jim Crow period; resituates Faulkner’s fictional Yoknapatawpha County within the transnational countermodernities of the black Atlantic; and follows the author’s imaginative engagement with modern biopolitics through his late work A Fable, a novel Faulkner hoped to make his “magnum o.” By returning to the utterly uncontroversial fact of Faulkner’s modernism with a critical sensibility sharpened by new modernism studies, William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity aims to spark further reappraisal of a distinguished and quite dazzling body of fiction. Perhaps even make it new.

Tragédie et psychologie

Revue Romane ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Brigitte Sändig
Keyword(s):  
William Faulkner ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Psychological Attitude

Abstract His dislike for psychological analysis accompanied Albert Camus throughout his life and had a profound impact on his idea of theatre. Especially in his early years, he sees psychology as the antagonist of the kind of theater that he envisages, the “modern tragedy”. In the last decade of his life, Camus worked on the novel “Requiem for a Nun” by William Faulkner, whom he greatly respected, in order to stage it. The confrontation with this work and its highly psychologically driven plot makes Camus virtually give up on his anti-psychological attitude.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
R. Beeuwkes ◽  
A. Saubermann ◽  
P. Echlin ◽  
S. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

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