The Islamic Concept of Happiness: Psychological Analysis

The article is devoted to the study of the Islamic concept of happiness from the standpoint of psychological science. Two approaches to the understanding of happiness, originating in Antiquity, are considered: hedonistic and eudemonistic; the cultural specifi city of happiness is investigated through the prism of ethnocultural values. It outlines the views on psychological health and well-being in Islam, as well as the views on social and individual predictors of happiness of medieval and modern Muslim scholars. The author concludes that the concept of happiness and the idea of it has its own specifi city in diff erent cultures. The concept of happiness among Muslims is directly related to their religious values and worldview, as well as to the peculiarities of ethnic culture. Since Muslim communities are collectivist, the happiness of an individual is seen as closely related to the public good. For a Muslim, the path to happiness is associated with improving his character and the formation of moral values and behavior. Modern Psychology and Psychotherapy are developing the ideas about moral psychology and the ways of its formation as the basis for the psychological wellbeing of an individual.

Methodological Principles of Information Materials Research in Forensic Psychology

The article addresses the basic methodological principles of psychological analysis of information materials applied during the forensic psychological examination of a new direction established in the system of forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in 2017. The foundation of the direction is the general methodology of forensic psychological examination, deeply elaborated by F.S. Safuanov. At the same time, the features of objects (information materials and communications included in social activities and human behavior that are subject to legal assessment and can be recognized as criminal) and the subject of research (forensically and legally significant features of information materials) determine the number of particular methodological principles, methods, and procedures for their application. These distinguish the study of information materials from the study of the mental activity of investigated persons (accused, victims, witnesses) during the legally significant period.The author notes a connection of psychological research of information materials with the general methodology of forensic psychological examination. At the same time, methodological features are determined due to the interdisciplinary connections of a new kind of forensic examination with other sciences and practical expert tasks. Next, the article describes the main methodological approaches of psychological research of information materials: system-structural, activity-based, phenomenological, and hermeneutic, as well as level, communicative, qualitative, and discursive analysis.

Legal and psychological analysis of the peculiarities of interaction with citizens of employees of internal affairs bodies in conditions of provocative behavior

In a media-dominated society, all organizations have certain reputational risks. In recent years, the public image of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation has been largely determined by the Internet environment. On the one hand, favorable images are created in it, on the other, the exposure of abuse and illegal actions. As a rule, the latter, on the basis of the action of the regularities of the formation of a conditioned reflex and the emergence of emotions and feelings, have a greater impact on the public. The authors note that the effectiveness of external communication of employees of internal affairs bodies is interconnected with its positioning in society, which ensures a positive or negative emotional attitude towards the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the part of others. In this regard, interaction with citizens in legal situations is an image-forming component. The article analyzes the acute conflict situation of interaction between an employee of the internal affairs bodies with citizens, which is posted on the video hosting You Tube (channel of the public project "Movement") in the form of videos about citizens visiting the Reception of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ("Kneeling in front of the lieutenant colonel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia! Sercons continued", " Serkons Bought the Police? Bloggers At the Reception of the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "). The main methods of psychological influence are highlighted, which made it possible to destabilize this situation, the regulatory legal framework is analyzed, which can be used by police officers in an acute crisis situation and in the process of performing operational and service actions.

MUFFLE: Multi-Modal Fake News Influence Estimator on Twitter

To alleviate the impact of fake news on our society, predicting the popularity of fake news posts on social media is a crucial problem worthy of study. However, most related studies on fake news emphasize detection only. In this paper, we focus on the issue of fake news influence prediction, i.e., inferring how popular a fake news post might become on social platforms. To achieve our goal, we propose a comprehensive framework, MUFFLE, which captures multi-modal dynamics by encoding the representation of news-related social networks, user characteristics, and content in text. The attention mechanism developed in the model can provide explainability for social or psychological analysis. To examine the effectiveness of MUFFLE, we conducted extensive experiments on real-world datasets. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms both state-of-the-art methods of popularity prediction and machine-based baselines in top-k NDCG and hit rate. Through the experiments, we also analyze the feature importance for predicting fake news influence via the explainability provided by MUFFLE.

Formation of Psychological Media Competence of Specialists in the Field of Advertising and Public Relations

The importance of media competence research is connected with the totality of media communications; its psychological component is necessary for a person to understand the peculiarities of media influence and is, at the same time, poorly studied. For specialists in the field of advertising and public relations, psychological media competence (PMC) is of particular importance, since their activities involve the creation of an attractive product for the audience, while not violating the psychological safety of consumers. This determines the relevance of the presented research, the task of which was to analyze the components of psychological media competence among students. The study was conducted using the semantic differential (SD) method and a questionnaire methodology compiled by the author, which allows assessing the ability of a person to determine the psychological characteristics of media texts. Factor analysis, nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kraskal-Wallis criteria were used for processing. The program developed by the author and tested in the course of the formative experiment is presented, it is aimed at increasing students’ PMC as of future specialists in the field of advertising and PR. 110 people participated in the study. A low level of students’ PMC was revealed. According to the analysis of the results of the experiment, a judgment on the effectiveness of the experimental program aimed at the development of psychological media competence, in particular, the skills of psychological analysis of media texts, is substantiated.

A Psychological Analysis of the Main Character in the Novel” Daryas and Bakhtiar Ali’s Bodies”. In Light of the Method of Psychological Criticism

The title of this paper is to measure the personality of the main character in the novel of {Daryas and lashakan} which means { Daryas and corpses} of Bakhtyar Ali.Then taking into consideration a method of psychoanalytic criticism. Of course personality in the novel texts is significant and has a big role, so psycho has an impact on reflecting the personality. This paper tries to analyse the personality of the main characters in the novel in the light of the method of psychoanalytic criticism. The paper is divided into two parts: the first section is about the definition of the term psychology. The second section is devoted to the relation between literature and psychology. Also in the third section a method of psychoanalytic criticism in literature has been presented. In the first section of the second part is about the personality of the character of the novel and the aim of the novel. The character hs been assessed in terms of five psychological disorders ( depression, pessimism, low self-esteem, fear and worry, anger and oppositional deiant disorder ). Through those psychological disorders this paper tries to assess the personality of both characters ( Elyas and Daryas ). Elyas believed in running revolution but Daryas didnt believe in the revolution.

Shame

Reliance on mutual aid is a distinctive characteristic of human biology. Consequently, a central adaptive problem for our ancestors was the potential or actual spread of reputationally damaging information about the self – information that would decrease the inclination of other group members to render assistance. The emotion of shame appears to be the solution engineered by natural selection to defend against this threat. The existing evidence suggests that shame is a neurocomputational program that orchestrates various elements of the cognitive architecture in the service of (i) deterring the individual from making choices wherein the personal benefits are exceeded by the prospective costs of being devalued by others, (ii) preventing negative information about the self from reaching others, and (iii) minimizing the adverse effects of social devaluation when it occurs. The flow of costs (e.g., punishment) and benefits (e.g., income, aid during times of hardship) in human societies is regulated to an important extent by this interlinked psychology of social evaluation and shame (as well as other social emotions). For example, the intensity of shame that laypeople express at the prospect of committing each of various offenses closely matches the intensity of the actual offense-specific punishments called for by criminal laws, including modern laws and ancient laws that are millennia old. Because shame, like pain, causes personal suffering and sometimes leads to hostile behavior, shame has been termed a “maladaptive” and “ugly” emotion. However, an evolutionary psychological analysis suggests that the shame system is elegantly designed to deter injurious choices and make the best of a bad situation.