Patterns of Diversification and Specialization in International Trade

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-316
Author(s):  
Önder Nomaler ◽  
Bart Verspagen
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Total Entropy ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Product Range ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Pattern Of Specialization ◽  
Point Of Departure

Changes in the composition of production refer not only to the structure of production but also the composition of exports. The structure of exports is the topic of this chapter. The point of departure for the chapter is the well-known U-curve pattern of specialization proposed by Imbs & Wacziarg (2003). The chapter is informed by technology gap theories of catch-up. Due to international technology transfer laggard economies can start catching up. In this process they will tend to diversify. The main aim of the chapter is to test whether the U-curve hypothesis is valid. It makes an interesting distinction between specialization within product groups and specialization between product groups. For this, the chapter develops a new measure of entropy, which decomposes within and between group degrees of specialization. A rising trend for total entropy is observed over the whole product range. The curve tends to flatten at higher income levels, but it does not decline suggesting that there is no U-curve.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Factors Influencing the International Technology Transfer Based on ISM Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shouwu ◽  
Xia Yong ◽  
Li Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Development Level

<p>The technology is not only an indispensable element involved in international trade, but also an important factor affecting the comparative advantage and trade patterns in international trade. Based on predecessors’ research and practice experience, this dissertation selects 20 factors to study the influencing factors, such as international technology transfer, the construction of infrastructure, the complexity of technological progress, economic development level and so on. By using the ISM model, the paper studies the correlation and gradation of influencing factors of international technology transfer. The analysis indicates there are 4 direct factors on surface and. 6 factors on path: the applicability and negotiability of the technology, international technology transfer intermediary. 3 direct factors: the construction of infrastructure. 5 indirect factors: environment changes of international economy, the complexity of technological progress. 2 factors in deep roots: economic development level and changes of industrial structure. Based on this, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from five aspects. Meanwhile, it provides certain references to improve the international technology transfer level, promote using international technology transfer to improve technology level, and upgrade the industrial structure.</p>

Analyses on the Infective Factors of the Open National Innovative System Construction in China - A Perspective of International Technology Transfer and Diffusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2868-2871
Author(s):  
Yan Chang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
And Diffusion

International technology transfer and diffusion are effective means for building open NIS (national innovation system), and multinational corporations and international trade play key roles in the process of building open NIS. It builds a conception framework model of the relationship between technology transfer and diffusion under an open condition. It not only analyzes the internal mechanism of the three main factors (which are multinational R&D, FDI, and international trade) on the NIS. It also analyzes how these factors drive the construction and improvement of the open NIS. Finally, this paper put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from perspective of the main elements of the NIS (which are universities, enterprises, government, and bridging institutes etc.).

INNOVATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2017 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Петухов ◽  
Nikolay Petuhov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
International Technology Transfer

The article considers the features of the innovation process and the prospects for the international exchange of scientific and technical knowledge and technologies. The various methods of international technology transfer, and their role in the Russian economy are analyzed.

Globalization, Structural Change, and Technological Change in Emerging Economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 596-621
Author(s):  
Marco Vivarelli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Critical Overview

This chapter provides a critical overview on a series of issues that the relevant theoretical and empirical literature suggests being crucial in dealing with the challenges an emerging country may encounter in its attempts to reach a higher income status, with a particular focus devoted to the implications for the domestic labour market. The first part of the chapter focuses on structural change, capability building, and technological progress, mapping specific ways in which an emerging country can engage in successful catching-up, keeping in mind that developing countries are deeply involved in globalized markets where domestic innovation has to be complemented by the role played by international technology transfer. The chapter then deals with possible consequences of this catching-up in terms of employment and skills, contrasting the prescriptions of conventional trade theory with a view taking into account technology transfer, labour-saving technological progress, and skill-enhancing trade.

The Challenges of Technology and Economic Catch-up in Emerging Economies

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Nature Of Technology ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Technology Upgrading

This book synthesizes and interprets existing knowledge on technology upgrading failures as well as lessons from successes and failures in order to better understand the challenges of technology upgrading in emerging economies. The objective is to bring together in one volume diverse evidence regarding three major dimensions of technology upgrading: paths of technology upgrading, structural changes in the nature of technology upgrading, and the issues of technology transfer and technology upgrading. The knowledge of these three dimensions is being synthesized at the firm, sector, and macro levels across different countries and world macro-regions. Compared to the old and new challenges and uncertainties facing emerging economies, our understanding of the technology upgrading is sparse, unsystematic, and scattered. While our understanding of these issues from the 1980s and 1990s is relatively more systematized, the changes that took place during the globalization and proliferation of GVCs, the effects of the post-2008 events, and the effects of the current COVID-19 and geopolitical struggles on technology upgrading have not been explored and compared synthetically. Moreover, the recent growth slowdown in many emerging economies, often known as a middle-income trap, has reinforced the importance of understanding the technology upgrading challenges of catching-up economies. We believe that the time is ripe for “taking stock of the area” in order to systematize and evaluate the existing knowledge on processes of technology upgrading of emerging economies at the firm, sector, and international levels and to make further inroads in research on this issue. This volume aims to significantly contribute towards this end.

scholarly journals International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Technology Transfer: A Comparative Study of Asian and African Economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6(J)) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Olawumi Dele Awolusi ◽  
Ezekiel Jide Fayomi ◽  
GANIYU Idris Olayiwola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Technology Transfers ◽  
Long Run

Abstract: This paper investigates the long-run equilibrium relationships and short-term effect of international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on international technology transfers in selected African and Asian countries from 1980 to 2013.The Johansen and Juselius multivariate co-integration technique and the granger causality test was used to test these relationships. The findings confirmed the presence of co-integrating vectors in the models of these countries. The outcome of the test posits short-run causal relationships, which run either bidirectionally or unidirectionally in all the variables for the selected countries. However, the most interesting lesson for many developing countries in Africa and Asia is that this study confirmed that international technology transfers supported domestic investment, economic growth, exports and imports of goods and services in some of these countries. Finally, all the variables in each model adjusted to equilibrium in the long-run, except for domestic investment in the Malaysian, Nigerian and Indian systems. The study thereby suggests an improved government policies and regulatory framework to improve international technology transfers, domestic investment, economic growth, and exports and imports of goods and services.Keywords: International Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, Vector Error Correction Modeling, Africa, Asia

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