The Zitoufi Maquis

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-290
Author(s):  
Neil Macmaster
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Market Trader

Gendarmes minutes of the interrogation of twenty-four peasants in the douar Taouira, east of Ténès, enables a close micro-level reconstruction of a little-known communist maquis. The influential djemâa president, Mohamed Zitoufi, patriarchal head of a large, joint family, had dominated life in the douar for nearly forty years, and as president of the peasant trade union, the Syndicat des petits cultivateurs, was a figure of national status. Orders for the implantation of a guerrilla force during 1956 were received, along with logistic supplies, from Dr Masseboeuf of Ténès, and the Kabyle militant and market trader, Rabah Benhamou. Behamou prepared secret cache locations in the caves, and during night-time operations led a group that forced farmers to hand over their shotguns, money, and other supplies, and assassinated informers or collaborators, including the brother of the bachaga Boualam. The gendarmes interrogations reveal how the peasants reacted to the implantation of the guerrilla, some of them hostile, and Mohamed Zitoufi had difficulty in imposing unity on a douar that was internally divided. Eventually the Zitoufi family was arrested, and the remnants of the maquis under Benhamou was absorbed into the FLN.

scholarly journals Joint Family Households and Rural Notables in 19th-Century Egypt

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Cuno
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Egyptian History

During the past thirty years, the study of the family in European history has developed with a strong comparative emphasis. In contrast, the study of the family in Middle East history has hardly begun, even though the family is assumed to have had a major role in “the structuring of economic, political, and social relations,” as Judith Tucker has noted. This article takes up the theme of the family in the economic, political, and social context of 19th-century rural Egypt. Its purpose is, first of all, to explicate the prevailing joint household formation system in relation to the system of landholding, drawing upon fatwas and supporting evidence. Second, it argues that rural notable families in particular had a tendency to form large joint households and that this was related to the reproduction and enhancement of their economic and political status. Specifically, the maintenance of a joint household appears to have been a way of avoiding the fragmentation of land through inheritance. After the middle of the 19th century, when it appeared that the coherence and durability of the joint family household were threatened, the notables sought to strengthen it through legislation. Their involvement in the law reform process contradicts the progressive, linear model of social and legal change that is often applied in 19th-century Egyptian history.

scholarly journals On the outside looking in? A micro-level analysis of insiders’ and outsiders’ trade union membership

2019 ◽  
pp. 0143831X1989013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedo Jansen ◽  
Alex Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Although studies have signaled a gap in trade union representation between workers with secure employment (i.e., ‘insiders’) and those without (i.e., ‘outsiders’), this gap has rarely been empirically analyzed at the micro-level. With recent micro-level data from the Netherlands, this study addresses two questions. First, to what extent do insiders and outsiders, measured through individuals’ employment status and self-perceived social risk, differ in their willingness/probability to join trade unions? Second, to what extent can these differences in trade union membership be explained as resulting from perceptions of interest representation and/or workplace social cohesion? The results suggests a clear insider–outsider gap in trade union membership related to employment status, but not to social risk. Furthermore, this gap can be explained by differences in perceptions of representation, but not workplace social cohesion.

Is technological change a devourer of jobs?

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.

Beyond GDP: The Quest for a Measure of Social Welfare. Part II

2012 ◽  
pp. 32-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fleurbaey
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Economics ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Beyond Gdp

The second part of the paper is devoted to the non-monetary indicators of social welfare. Various approaches to the study of subjective well-being and happiness are described. The author shows what problems a researcher would encounter trying to analyze welfare on the micro-level and to take account of the cognitive and affective aspects of the individuals assessment of their well-being, as well as the relevance of social relations. The author also shows to what extent the alternative approaches, particularly the analysis of functionings and capabilities advanced by A. Sen are compatible to the modern welfare economics and what prospects the latter has.

Psychology of the Market and Economic Power (On Psychological Approach of Alan Greenspan to the Analysis of Economic Problems)

2011 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Yu. Olsevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Market System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the psychological basis of the theory and economic policy of libertarianism, as contained in the book by A. Greenspan "The Age of Turbulence", clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of this doctrine that led to its discredit in 2008. It presents a new understanding of liberalization in 1980-1990s as a process of institutional transformation at the micro and meso levels, implemented by politicians and entrepreneurs with predatory and opportunistic mentality. That process caused, on the one hand, the acceleration of growth, on the other hand - the erosion of informal foundations of a market system. With psychology and ideology of libertarianism, it is impossible to perceive real macro risks generated at the micro level, which lead to a systemic crisis, and to develop measures to prevent it.

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