Sleep and Night-time Use of Electronic Entertainment and Communication Devices in the Bedroom as Risk Factors for Obesity Among Canadian Children

ObjectivesTo explore associations of night-time light intensity (NTLI), a novel proxy for continuous urbanisation levels, with mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), among adults in early-stage urbanisation in Telangana, South India.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the third wave of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study cohort.Setting28 villages representing a continuum of urbanisation levels, ranging from rural settlement to medium-sized town in Telangana, South India.ParticipantsData were available from 6944 participants, 6236 of whom were eligible after excluding pregnant women, participants younger than 18 years of age and participants missing data for age. Participants were excluded if they did not provide fasting blood samples, had implausible or missing outcome values, were medicated for hypertension or diabetes or had triglyceride levels invalidating derived LDL. The analysis included 5924 participants for BMI, 5752 participants for SBP, 5287 participants for LDL and 5328 participants for FPG.ResultsIncreasing NTLI was positively associated with mean BMI, SBP and LDL but not FPG. Adjusted mean differences across the range of village-level NTLI were 1.0 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.01 to 1.9) for BMI; 4.2 mm Hg (95% CI 1.0 to 7.4) for SBP; 0.3 mmol/L (95% CI −0.01 to 0.7) for LDL; and −0.01 mmol/L (95% CI −0.4 to 0.4) for FPG. Associations of NTLI with BMI and SBP were stronger in older age groups.ConclusionThe association of NTLI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors identify NTLI as a potentially important tool for exploring urbanisation-related health. Consistent associations of moderate increases in urbanisation levels with important CVD risk factors warrant prevention strategies to curb expected large public health impacts from continued and rapid urbanisation in India.

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Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Risk factors about Malaria in High Endemic Rural Eastern Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41901/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ladslaus Laurent Mnyone ◽

Baraka Mwamundela

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Facility ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Control Measure ◽

Self Medication ◽

Night Time ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

Demographic Risk ◽

Demographic Risk Factors ◽

Malaria Protection

Abstract Background: Understanding area-specific knowledge, attitudes, practices and demographic risk factors towards malaria is becoming critical for designing appropriate awareness and control strategies. Methods: A cohort of respondents from 243 randomly selected households across 3 villages in eastern Tanzania was assessed using a standard questionnaire and direct observation.Results: Fifty-three percent of respondents cited Anopheles mosquitoes that were responsible for transmitting malaria, and 85% of those explicitly cited female Anopheles mosquitoes. The rest (47%) knew that malaria is transmitted by a mosquito but could not name it. Commonly cited mosquito breeding sites were water bodies (75%) and rubbish (24%). Majority (61%) knew that the under-fives were most vulnerable to malaria. ITNs were mostly (64%) cited as a means of malaria control. Commonly cited malaria mosquito entry routes were windows (46%), eave opening (10%) and opening on the walls (4%). Majority (70%) confirmed malaria at the health facility. The rest (30%) relied on symptoms. Majority (96%) preferred modern antimalarials. Seventy-nine percent of the respondents owned at least one ITN. Cooking was done predominantly (77%) outdoors, finished cooking and went to bed after 20:00h. Most (58%) respondents still attended night-time outdoor communal gatherings without malaria protection. Conclusions: The current study indicate that majority of participants were aware that Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for transmitting malaria, they bred in water, under-five children were most vulnerable to malaria, and ITNs constituted the most deployed control measure. Most respondents preferred confirming malaria at the health facility and treatment with modern antimalarials. Yet, the rate of self-diagnosis and self-medication, as well as inappropriate use of bednets requires great improvement. Demographic risk factors for early- and/or outdoor-transmission included night-time outdoor cooking and attending communal gatherings without malaria protection. The findings warrant a subsequent study to show a causal link between night-time outdoor activities, vector biting patterns and malaria prevalence.

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Are night-time voiding and lower urinary tract symptoms significant risk factors for hip fractures caused by falling during the night in male subjects?

Patient Preference and Adherence ◽

10.2147/ppa.s205229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 1191-1197

Author(s):

Bogdan Hogea ◽

Razvan Bardan ◽

Mihai Sandesc ◽

Jenel Marian Jr Patrascu ◽

Alin Cumpanas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Night Time ◽

Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Lower Urinary

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Phytogenic additive Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in feed of confined lambs

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽

pp. 3679

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valerio Geron ◽

Luiz Eduardo Cantão Veloso ◽

Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de Moraes ◽

Kamila Andreatta Kling de Moraes ◽

Helen Fernanda Barros Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Night Time ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Period Data ◽

Significant Regression ◽

Ingestive Behaviors

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of 0.0%; 0.7%; 1.4% and 2.1% of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in the feeding of lambs regarding ingestive behavior and physiological variables. The experiment was carried out in a double Latin (4x4) experimental design with eight animals, consisting of four periods and four experimental rations. Eight lambs with no defined racial pattern were used, with mean initial body weight (BW) of 23.74 ± 1.00 kg. The ingestive behavior was performed during 24 hours, always on the last day of each experimental period. The physiological variables and the environmental variables were measured during three days of each period. Data were submitted for analysis of variance and, when significant, regression equation was applied at 5% of probability. Statistical analysis was performed considering the subdivision of the plot, which consisted of the diurnal and nocturnal evaluation times for the ingestive behavior and the morning and afternoon periods for the physiological variables. The inclusion of Noni in fed lambs did not change (p > 0.05) the time spent with ingestive behaviors for dry matter intake (DMI), rumination (RUM), idleness (IDL), water intake (WIN) and other activity (OAC). However, the daytime During the period there was gr eater (p < 0.05) time use for DMI, WIN and OAC. Inclusion of Noni to diets provided higher (p > 0.05) time use during the night time for RUM and IDL. The physiological variables were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of Noni in the diets of lambs. However, higher mean (p < 0.05) body temperature of the front and rear, rectal temperature and respiratory rate of the lambs were observed during the afternoon. The inclusion of up to 2.1% of Noni in lamb feed does not alter ingestive behavior and physiological variables. However, the consumption of dry matter and water is higher during the diurnal period, while rumination and idleness are more active during the night period.

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Preparing the GREGOR solar telescope for night-time use: Deriving a pointing model

Astronomische Nachrichten ◽

10.1002/asna.201211729 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 333 (9) ◽

pp. 823-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Granzer ◽

C. Halbgewachs ◽

R. Volkmer ◽

D. Soltau

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Solar Telescope ◽

Night Time

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Time use among individuals with persistent mental illness: Identifying risk factors for imbalance in daily activities

Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.3109/11038128.2014.952905 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (sup1) ◽

pp. 53-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christel Leufstadius ◽

Mona Eklund

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Time Use ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Persistent Mental Illness

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Testosterone and the Heart

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2019.13.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael Kirby ◽

Geoffrey Hackett ◽

Sudarshan Ramachandran

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Pde5 Inhibitors ◽

Night Time ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Meta Analyses

The development of a subnormal level of testosterone (T) is not universal in ageing men, with 75% of men retaining normal levels. However, a substantial number of men do develop T deficiency (TD), with many of them carrying a portfolio of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. TD increases the risk of CV disease (CVD) and the risk of developing T2D and the metabolic syndrome. The key symptoms suggesting low T are sexual in nature, including erectile dysfunction (ED), loss of night-time erections and reduced libido. Many men with heart disease, if asked, admit to ED being present; a problem that is often compounded by drugs used to treat CVD. A large number of studies and meta-analyses have provided evidence of the link between TD and an increase in CVD and total mortality. Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who have TD have a poor prognosis and this is associated with more frequent admissions and increased mortality compared with those who do not have TD. Conversely, in men with symptoms and documented TD, T therapy has been shown to have beneficial effects, namely improvement in exercise capacity in patients with CHF, improvement of myocardial ischaemia and coronary artery disease. Reductions in BMI and waist circumference, and improvements in glycaemic control and lipid profiles, are observed in T-deficient men receiving T therapy. These effects might be expected to translate into benefits and there are more than 100 studies showing CV benefit or improved CV risk factors with T therapy. There are flawed retrospective and prescribing data studies that have suggested increased mortality in treated men, which has led to regulatory warnings, and one placebo-controlled study demonstrating an increase in coronary artery non-calcified and total plaque volumes in men treated with T, which is open for debate. Men with ED and TD who fail to respond to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors can be salvaged by treating the TD. There are data to suggest that T and PDE5 inhibitors may act synergistically to reduce CV risk.

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