All the President’s Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Thomas Graumann

This chapter identifies the administrative personnel responsible for the creation of a council record and their relationship to the bishops and officials in charge. It advocates the key distinction of an official secretariat tasked with the production of the ‘official’ record from other clergymen present and also skilled in the techniques of stenographic recording. It disproves the notion of alternative records created by such men and demonstrates the reliance instead on ‘memory’ by those challenging the official records. The examination further refutes hypotheses of part-records made for individual participants and only subsequently accumulated. The official secretariat instead creates a single official record in close collaboration with, and on the direct instructions of the council’s leadership.

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832542095080
Author(s):  
Gabriel Jderu

In a departure from car-centered analyses of the automobility systems, this article highlights the importance of motorcycles and motorcycling in the mobility practices of socialist countries. For at least half of the existence of socialist mobility systems, and especially during the 1950s and 1960s, there were more motorcycles on the roads than cars. Motorcycling was important in commuting, for the mobility of lower-ranking administrative personnel in the countryside, and for mass tourism and leisure. Although in that era maintenance and repair practices were equally central to motorcycling and car-driving, the distinction between user-owner and mechanic was much more fluid in the case of motorcyclists. As a result, the centrality of maintenance and repair to socialist-era motorcycling offers an ideal opportunity to enrich current interdisciplinary conversations about breakdown, maintenance, and repair. Building on the car-centered research into maintenance and repair activities, I add additional material on the nature, types, and complexity of such practices for motorcycling. I outline nine forms of material engagement with motorcycles that reference, but transcend, the current dichotomies between necessity and pleasure, the formal and the informal, the technical and the aesthetic, and the repair of existing objects and the creation of new ones.


2021 ◽  
pp. 037698362110521
Author(s):  
Salim Zaweed

In its first section, the article examines the creation of two major Sufi institutions, the khanqāhs of Shaikh Jalāluddīn Tabrīzī (d. 1225) known as Badi dargā h and Shaikh Nūr Quṭb Ālam (d. 1410) as Chhotī dargā h. Further, for the smooth functioning and maintenance, the rulers of Ilyas Shahi dynasty and other independent rulers of Bengal endowed rent-free lands to the respective khanqāhs presently known as Bāis Hazārī and Shash Hazārī waqf estates. The present study also attempts to look into a more comprehensive and detailed analysis of the sanads concerning with these grants were confirmed and continued by the Mughal emperors, Nawab Nazims of Bengal and British officials that testify to the importance of the place during the pre-colonial times. The extensive property enjoyed by the mutawallis of these dargā hs continued till date. The focus of the article in its second section, on the historical changes of these waqf estates basing on official records from these institutions, court proceedings of the litigations, historical works by the mutawallis and other connected histories. This examination is followed by a discussion of the gradual decline of these institutions and subsequent patronage for the education and other measures of welfare for the society.


Author(s):  
Eguzki URTEAGA

LABURPENA: 1990ean, Euskal Kultur Erakundearen sorrerak inflexio-puntu bat suposatu du Iparraldean gauzatu den euskal kulturaren aldeko politikan, batetik, harrezkero, lurralde horrek bere kultura propioa sustatzeaz arduratzen den politika berezi bat baitauka, eta, bestetik, Ipar Euskal Herria politika publiko hori osatzeaz, gauzatzeaz eta ebaluatzeaz arduratzen den erakunde batetaz hornitu baita. Bere sorreraz geroztik, kultur elkarteen bultzadaren ondorioz eta lurraldeko administrazio publiko ezberdinen borondateari esker, EKEk lan egiten du euskal kulturaren babes, transmisio eta hedapenaren alde, arreta berezia jarriz euskarazko sorkuntzaren aldeko ekimenetan. Horretarako, egitarau eta gailu multzo batean egikaritu den norabide estrategikoetaz hornitu da. Erakunde hori euskal kulturaren baliabide erakargune bat bezala ezagutua da eta rol garrantzitsu bat jokatzen du mugaz gaindiko harremanetan, batez ere Eusko Jaurlaritzarekin daukan harreman estuari esker. Horrez gain, Euskal Kultur Erakundeak, egunerokotasunean, arte eszeniko, ikus-entzun, ondare ala letren arloetan diharduten kultur erakundeak laguntzen ditu. Izan ere, bere lantaldeak egitasmoak garatzen ditu elkarte-kideekin lankidetzan jardunez, baita ere beste bazkide batzuekin, publikoak eta pribatuak izan daitezela. Batez ere frantses eta euskal administrazio publikoek diruztatzen dute, eta bere Administrazio kontseilua erakunde publiko zein lurraldeko kultur eragilez osaturik dago. ABSTRACT: The creation of the Basque Cultural Institute (BCI) in 1990 is a turning point in the policy in favour of the Basque culture in Iparralde, on the one hand, because since then the territory has a specific policy for the promotion of its own culture and, on the other, because the Northern Basque Country is equipped with an institution dedicated to ellaborate, implement and assess this public policy. Since its creation, under the impetus of cultural associations and thanks to the political willingness of the different public administrations of the territory, the BCI works for the preservation, transmission and dissemination of the Basque culture, especially promoting the actions for the creation of the Basque expression. For that purpose, it establishes certain strategic guidances that resulted in a series of programmes and devices. This entity is acknowledged as a resource centre for the Basque culture and it plays a relevant role within the framework of transborder relationships, notably because of the privileged collaboration with the Basque government. The Basque Culture Institute in addition to promoting the cultural action attempts to accompany on a day-to-day level the cultural associations involved in the fields of scenic arts, audiovisual sector, patrimony and literature. Indeed, its professional team develops some projects with the close collaboration of their member-associations as well as with other partners, both public and private. It is essentialy public-funded, both by French and Basque authorities, and its governing board is composed of public entities and cultural actors from the territory. RESUMEN: La creación del Instituto Cultural Vasco (ICV) en 1990 marca un punto de inflexión en la política a favor de la cultura vasca en Iparralde, por un lado, porque, a partir de entonces, el territorio dispone de una política específica encargada de fomentar su propia cultura, y, por otro lado, dado que el País Vasco norte se dota de una institución encargada de elaborar, implementar y evaluar esta política pública. Desde su creación, bajo el impulso de las asociaciones culturales y gracias a la voluntad política de las diferentes administraciones públicas del territorio, el ICV trabaja para la conservación, transmisión y difusión de la cultura vasca, promoviendo especialmente las iniciativas a favor de la creación de expresión vasca. Para ello, fija unas orientaciones estratégicas que se han plasmado en una serie de programas y dispositivos. Esta entidad es reconocida como un polo de recursos de la cultura vasca y juega un papel relevante en el marco de las relaciones transfronterizas, sobre todo gracias a una colaboración privilegiada con el Gobierno Vasco. El Instituto Cultural Vasco, además de promover la acción cultural, trata de acompañar, en el día a día, a las asociaciones culturales involucradas en los ámbitos de las artes escénicas, el sector audiovisual, el patrimonio y las letras. En efecto, su equipo profesional desarrolla unos proyectos en estrecha colaboración con sus asociaciones-miembros, así como con otros socios, tanto públicos como privados. Está básicamente financiado por las administraciones públicas, tanto galas como vascas, y su Consejo de administración está compuesto por entidades públicas y actores culturales del territorio.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-153
Author(s):  
Philip F. Esler ◽  
Angus Pryor

This article inaugurates a new approach to biblical interpretation that involves close collaboration on a particular text between a biblical interpreter (Philip Esler) and a practicing artist (Angus Pryor), culminating in the production of works of art that generate a new understanding of the text in question. This approach reflects the recent scholarly interest in how artists who paint biblical scenes are active interpreters of biblical texts. Here the text selected is 1 Enoch, while the artworks in question are four 2 x 2 meter paintings, in oil on canvas, that depict pivotal scenes from that text. The collaboration draws on Ethiopian tradition reflecting the scriptural status and widespread influence of 1 Enoch in Ethiopia and the fact that the complete text of the work was only preserved there until its rediscovery in modern times. The interpretative process includes a focus on the original meaning of 1 Enoch, which then influences the creation of artworks laden with theological meaning. This approach is equally available to interpreters more interested in the contemporary (rather than the historical) meaning of other biblical and extra-biblical texts where the connection with national traditions, if present, may be quite different.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna ZASLAVSKAYA ◽  
Evgeny Mikhaylovich ZASLAVSKY

The article views the questions of using of constructions based on nature principles in modern architectural objects. A brief analysis of history of bionic structures development on the example of Gothic is given. Modern objects of famous architects having nonlinear structure and complex structural system are examined. The article presents the objects designed and built mainly in China during the last 3 years. A detailed description of the materials and compositional techniques is presented. The latest technologies used in the construction in advanced industrial countries permit to create surfaces of any curvature like the natural surfuces. Тhe close collaboration оf an engineer with an architect for the creation of structures, structural systems and architectural objects shell is described.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Maria Edith Romano Siems-Marcondes

Este texto apresenta aspectos da trajetória histórica de institucionalização escolar ocorrida em Roraima do período de 1943, quando o Território Federal é implantado, até 2001, quando se consolida a primeira década de instalação do Estado de Roraima. Trata-se de uma análise documental em que apresentamos registros oficiais de criação de unidades escolares e sistematizamos dados de pesquisas anteriores. Na análise dos processos de constituição histórica da educação escolar em Roraima, identificamos que sua estruturação acompanha as políticas estabelecidas para a região, interligada às políticas expansionistas e de ocupação.Education in Roraima: school institutionalization from 1943 to 2001. This text presents aspects of the historical trajectory of school institutionalization that occurred in Roraima in the period of 1943, when the Federal Territory was implemented until 2001, when the first decade of the State of Roraima was consolidated. It is a documentary analysis in which we present official records of the creation of school units and systematize data from previous researches. In the analysis of the processes of historical constitution of school education in Roraima, we identified that its structuring accompanies the policies established for the region, linked to expansionist and occupation policies. Keywords: History of Education; Expansion of schooling; History of Brazilian education.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


Author(s):  
Nicholas Temperley
Keyword(s):  

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