Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Steven Grosby
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
Jewish Christianity

Hebraism has to do with the changing relation between Christianity and Judaism, between the New and Old Testaments, made possible by the cultural phenomenon of different contents coexisting within a symbol, for example, Israel. This concluding chapter provides a summary of the characteristics of Hebraism as a ‘Jewish Christianity’ or ‘Old Testament Christianity’, including patriotism. The chapter further situates Hebraism within the analysis of the axial age. In doing so, the distinctiveness of religion is taken up, as well as the place of pluralism in cultural history that requires the distinction between unity and uniformity. The chapter also discusses the place of sovereignty in Hebraic culture.

scholarly journals Symbolic Inversion in Death: Some Examples from the Old Testament and the Ancient Near Eastern world

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Symbolic Inversion

Symbolic inversion is a widespread cultural phenomenon, the earliest examples of which can be traced back to the cultures of the ancient Near East. Symbolic inversion (mundus inversus) relates to those forms of expressive behaviour which invert commonly accepted social codes. One such area in the ancient Near Eastern and Old Testament world where this phenomenon manifested itself prominently is in the conception of life after death: life after death is often conceived as the direct inverse of what is customary in ordinary life. 

William Temple’s ‘Sharawadji’ and the poetics of world literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
O. I. Polovinkina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
World Literature ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Augustan Age ◽  
New Tradition

The article examines the ‘active presence’ (D. Damrosch) of the Chinese garden in the literary and cultural history of the English Augustan Age. Special attention is paid to W. Temple’s role as an intermediary in the comprehension of a foreign cultural phenomenon; interpretations of his description of the Chinese garden generated an entirely new tradition in the English literature of the early 18th c. J. Addison identified the Chinese garden with the idea of harmony, making it part and parcel of Neoclassical aesthetics. Pope followed the same logic. In his essay, Castell brings together the classical and the Chinese traditions, where the former does not act as an approving authority, rather it is the Chinese tradition that helps give it a more nuanced description. Quite a few English country homes display a combination of Neoclassical principles and elements of the Chinese garden, the new landscaping style summarized by Pope. Augustans’ Chinese garden draws on two national worldviews, but just like the world ‘sharawadji’ introduced byTemple, it belongs to the realm of imagination, at the crossroads of languages and cultures, none of which can fully claim it as their own.

scholarly journals Gregorian Chorale as a Cultural Phenomenon of the Early Middle Ages: Background, Formation and Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-162
Author(s):  
Нестор Волков
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liturgical Music ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Church

В данном исследовании автором будет поднят и рассмотрен вопрос развития церковной богослужебной музыки, а именно возникновение в Западной Церкви такого явления как григорианский хорал. Предпосылки его появления можно отследить начиная с ветхозаветных богослужебных песнопений как храмовых, так и более поздних - синагогальных. Затем автор разберет восприятие музыкальной науки в античной среде, такими классиками как Пифагор, Платон, и Аристотель, какое место в культуре и человеческой жизни в целом они ей отводили, какие функции приписывали, а также рассмотрит отношение к музыкальной науке отцов и учителей Церкви, их восприятие музыки как за богослужением, так и вне церковного пространства, но как отдельного культурного явления. Вместе с тем будут рассмотрены политические процессы, происходившие на территориях Западной Церкви, которые в свою очередь и привели сознание Западной Церкви к созданию единого корпуса богослужебных песнопений - григорианского хорала. Также автор даст ответ на вопрос: почему григорианский хорал может по праву считаться символом эпохи Раннего Средневековья, отображением самой культуры того времени. In this study, the author will raise and consider the issue of the development of Church liturgical music, namely the emergence of such a phenomenon as the Gregorian chorale in the Western Church. The prerequisites for its appearance can be traced back to the old Testament liturgical hymns, both temple and later - synagogue. Then the author will analyze the perception of music science in the ancient environment, such classics as Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle, what place they assigned to it in culture and human life in General, what functions they attributed to it, and also consider the attitude of the Church fathers and teachers to music science, their perception of music both at worship and outside the Church space, but as a separate cultural phenomenon. At the same time, we will consider the political processes that took place in the territories of the Western Church, which in turn led the consciousness of the Western Church to create a single corpus of liturgical hymns - the Gregorian chorale. The author will also answer the question: why the Gregorian chorale can rightfully be considered a symbol of the Early middle Ages, a reflection of the culture of that time.

scholarly journals An ungovernable diversity?

1970 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Lise Emilie Fosmo Talleraas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
History Museums ◽  
The Subject

This article is based on my Ph.D. thesis, entitled An ungovernable diversity? Norwegian museum politics on the subject of local and regional museums in the period 1900 – ca. 1970 (Umeå 2009). It gives an historical account of the development of local and regional cultural history museums in Norway as a topic in Norwegian cultural policy 1900–1970. It describes how local and regional museums became a subject in Norwegian cultural policy during the twentieth century. In 1900, such institutions amounted to about fifteen. Seventy years later, the number was more than two hundred. The museums appear in this perspective as a cultural phenomenon in their own age, a phenomenon to which the Norwegian Parliament, the Ministry of Education and the museum profession attached both interpretations and conceptions. At the centre of their interest was the need to implement measures to ensure that these museums submitted to the main museums concerning key tasks, such as the preservation of objects of cultural value. It was important for the Parliament to create a policy based on accountability and equal treatment. 

Introduction

Édith Piaf ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
David Looseley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon

This chapter introduces the question of Piaf’s meanings 100 years after her birth. It discusses the problematic nature of Piaf’s biography and opts for an alternative mode of analysis defined as cultural history, examining the singer as cultural phenomenon. It briefly surveys the existing literature on Piaf in order to clarify what distinguishes the approach adopted in the book. This approach is characterised as a critical analysis of the Piaf legend and of issues of cultural memory, Frenchness, and the transnational circulation of Piaf’s meanings. It also includes a consideration of the author’s own ethnographic distance.

The Unfinished Project

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Rose
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Subject

This chapter discusses how two Viennese scholars—Ernst Kris and E.H. Gombrich—worked in 1936 to complete a book manuscript. The manuscript explored the subject of caricature: the art of comic distortion and willful exaggeration, of irreverence and, according to its most serious practitioners, absolute fidelity to truth. Inspired by recent advances in psychology and by contemporary innovations in art, the two scholars approached caricature not as a low form of creativity or a debased mode of communication but as a distinctive psychological and cultural phenomenon with its own functions and evolution. They interpreted caricature as an ambitious psychological and artistic experiment, and their effort to grasp each aspect led them to employ theories and methods from both mental science and cultural history.

scholarly journals Josephus, Joseph and the Greek Novel

Ramus ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Whitmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Roman Archaeology ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Greek Novel ◽  
Greek World

The challenge to classicists to read Josephus ‘as literature’ is an awkward one, because it throws into relief the crooked, appropriative practices we undertake in the name of literary criticism. If Josephus' works are to be seen as ‘literature’—a category closely associated with specifically Hellenic literary ideals, in much of the ancient world as well as the modern academy—then we are also avoiding looking at them as documents of early Jewish cultural history or belief. ‘Literature’ is far from a neutral category.Josephus would, however, have probably approved, at any rate up to a point. In the proem to the Jewish Archaeology—on which this article will focus—he promises a work of ‘universal usefulness’ (κοινή ὠϕέλειαν, 1.3), which will appear ‘worthy of study to the whole Greek world’ (ἅπασι…τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἀξίαν σπουδῆς, 1.5). Unlike Against Apion, which denigrates Greek historiography in relation to Jewish and other near-eastern narrative traditions (see esp. 1.6-56), the Archaeology seeks to translate biblical discourse into a Greek-friendly register. In terms of communication, ‘universal’ necessarily means ‘Greek’, a point of which the translators of the Septuagint were aware (as much as Cicero and Paul). Moreover, the tralatitious language (Thucydidean ὠϕέλεια, Dionysian σπουδή) coupled with the direct allusion in the work's title to Dionysius' Roman Archaeology reinforce the already clear impression that Josephus is inscribing his project into the Greek cultural tradition, marking its intelligibility within the conceptual framework that we would call ‘literature’, and Josephus and his contemporaries called paideia. The Archaeology converts the fragmented and at times self-contradictory narrative of the Hebrew Bible (what Christians call the Old Testament) into a coherent chronological narrative, seeking to confer on it the legitimacy (as gentile Greeks would see it) of historical narrative.

scholarly journals Veil and Headscarf: Five Aspects of a Cultural Phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes D. Galter
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Near East ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Relationship

The discussions about the use of headscarves and veils shape the living conditions of Muslim women in the Middle East and in Europe to this day. To overcome this situation, a thorough and dispassionate documentation of the cultural history of veiling is necessary. This paper will give a short overview of the long history of veiling and it will deal in detail with five different aspects of this phenomenon and with the various connections between Europe and the Middle East: the relationship between death and the veil in the Ancient Near East; the veil in early Christianity; the hair as an erotic symbol in the Ancient Near East; the traditional costume of the Transylvanian Saxons as a European example of the use of veils and the veil of mystery.

Cultural History and Hebraism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Steven Grosby
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Cultural Analysis

This chapter provides both an initial formulation of Hebraism as a category of cultural analysis within Christendom and an overview of the problems of that formulation. In doing so, it examines the complications of other categories of cultural history, for example, Hellenism, and of religious categories, specifically monotheism. The characteristics of Hebraic culture are presented: an ascetic mode of conduct that affirms life in this world, an historical orientation, law, and the nation. Also examined are early formulations of the Hebraic influence on the changing significance of the Old Testament, beginning with Matthew Arnold’s contrast between Hellenism and Hebraism.

Reception History of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Markl
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments

The Hebrew Bible/Old Testament (HB/OT) is like a prism through which ancient Near Eastern traditions were transformed and transmitted to Jewish and Christian cultures. Through the Jewish diaspora and the Christian missions, it became a nomadic text that spread to all continents. It was received and transformed in diverse genres of literature, music, art, theatre, law, and politics. Interest in processes of reception has intensified since World War I, but reception history became a major field within biblical studies only at the turn of the millennium. Analyzing the history of reception of the HB/OT poses a variety of challenges: what hermeneutical expectations, attitudes, interests, and methods were applied to its texts? How were they involved in diverse fields of culture, and how did different modes of reception influence each other? What historical developments occasioned changes in interpretation? In analyzing textual reception, three basic aspects should be considered: the texts with their respective genres and themes, the hermeneutics applied to them, and the social contexts in which the reception takes place. Each of these aspects is characterized by great variation: biblical genres are as diverse as curse and love poetry, law and lament; hermeneutical approaches involve extremely different interests and results in, for example, allegorical, kabballistic and historical critical interpretation; social contexts of reception include family education, monastic lectio divina, public reading and preaching, and academic teaching. Investigating this history of reception means looking at cultural history through the lens of the HB/OT. Rather than defining itself as a field of research separate from interpretation, reception history should be seen as a constituent of the hermeneutical endeavor.

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