The Evolution of the Children’s Rights Movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Jonathan Becker
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Past Century ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Laws

This chapter examines the evolution of the children’s rights movement and particularly the role of individuals and nongovernmental organizations in driving the creation of new international laws and norms and global campaigns to address the abuse and exploitation of children. Over the past century, child rights advocates have helped shape the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and international treaties addressing child labor and child soldiers, thereby influencing policies and practices related to education, child marriage, corporal punishment, sexual exploitation, and violence against children. The chapter also explores the role of children themselves as activists at the forefront of change.

scholarly journals Children’s Rights in the Indonesian Oil Palm Industry: Improving Company Respect for the Rights of the Child

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Stephany Iriana Pasaribu ◽  
Frank Vanclay
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Social License

Although companies have many direct and indirect impacts on the lives of children, discussion of the responsibility of business to respect the rights of children has primarily focused on child labor. Using UNICEF’s Children’s Rights and Business Principles as a framework for our analysis, we considered the activities of oil palm plantation companies operating in Indonesia. Our data come from key informant interviews and reflection on two programs established to promote respect for children’s rights in the Indonesian palm oil industry: one by Pusat Kajian Perlindungan Anak (PKPA) (Center for Child Study and Protection); and one by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in conjunction with UNICEF. We considered: how plantation company activities impacted children’s lives; how companies demonstrated respect for children’s rights; and how observance of children’s rights can be improved. We discuss four problematic issues: getting company commitments to children’s rights into policy and practice; having a strong business case for respecting human rights and children’s rights; contradictory objectives within companies; and complexities around children in the workplace. We argue that a children’s rights based approach should be applied to the activities of all organizations. This children’s rights lens is needed to overcome the invisibility of children in society and industry, and to address the root causes of human rights harms. We note that respecting children’s rights will likely contribute to getting a social license to operate and grow.

scholarly journals The Principle of Protecting the Best Interests of the Child in Shia Jurisprudence and Iran’s Legal System with Emphasis on Custody (New Understanding of a Traditional Legal Concept)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Seyed Masoud Noori ◽  
Maryamossadat Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Family ◽  
Made In

In this article, children’s rights will be studied in the Iranian legal system with remarks on its references in the Shia Jurisprudence. One of the main issues regarding children, is their guardianship, custody or tutorship. The Iranian legal system, same as the Shia Jurisprudence, has always kept the best Interest of the child as an essential ground for law making. Referring to court decisions; it is evident that control of the guardianship on the child is limited by the best interests of the child, because this interests is what we are sure to understand from the reason of custody of the child and that this system is designed only to secure child’s best interests since he/she might be incapable to secure his/her interests alone. The Iranian legal system, especially in the family law section is based on the Islamic rules. The main documents in the Shia Jurisprudence in Islam are Quran, Hadith, Consensus and reasoning which will be defined herein. In addition, a more recent review will be made in this study regarding the ratified laws regarding children’s rights and international treaties and conventions while focusing on the Convention on the Rights of the Child even though, Iran joined this convention by having several reservations.

COMMUNICATION ROLE OF RIGHTS AND LEGAL STATUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Inta Siliniece
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Right

One of today's most important issues in the field of international civil justice is the provision of family and children's rights. These are the right of the child to be in contact with both parents and the right of parents to take part in the upbringing of children. This is especially important if parents live separately or even in different countries. The global processes of globalization and the active lifestyle of people moving from one country to another determine the topicality of the issue. Increasingly, children are illegally moved from one country to another, thus limiting both the rights of the child with the other parent and the right of the other parent in the upbringing of the child.

An independent voice for children's rights in Europe? The role of independent children's rights institutions in the EU

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel A Thomas ◽  
Karl C Hanson ◽  
Brian B Gran
Keyword(s):  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Distinctive Role ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article attempts to understand the distinctive role of independent human rights institutions for children (IHRICs) in Europe, in the context of the proposed EU strategy on the rights of the child. It begins by explaining the distinctive characteristics of IHRICs, their presence, location and organisation in Europe, and the role of the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC). It goes on to examine their developing relationships, individually and collectively, with European institutions (in particular the institutions of the European Union, but also with reference to the Council of Europe). The article draws on observations of the annual conference of ENOC in 2010, and on interviews with members of ENOC. The article follows this with a discussion of how IHRICs may be understood as operating at the interface of regional, national, European and global mechanisms, and concludes with a review of current issues and some questions for future research.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL REGIMES FOR CHILD RIGHTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Rachana Raval ◽  
Bhavesh Bharad
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Court System ◽  
Rights Of The Child

It was not until the late nineteenth century that a nascent children‘s rights protection movement countered the widely held view that children were mainly quasi property and economic assets. In the United States, the progressive movement challenged courts reluctance to interfere in family matters, promoted broad child welfare reforms and was successful in having laws passed to regulate child labor and provide for compulsory education. It also raised awareness of children‘s issues and established a juvenile court system. Another push for children‘s rights occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, when children were viewed by some advocates as victims of discrimination or as an oppressed group. In the international context, ―the growth of children‘s rights in international and transnational law has been identified as a striking change in the post-war legal landscape. 1 Children are a ―supremely important nation and international asset of the future well-being of the world depends on how the children grow & develop. United Nations adopted a resolution which proclaimed 1979 as an international year of the child. In consequence of this proclamation, In 1979, the Government of Polland submitted a draft on the rights of child for adoption by U.N. General Assembly as a lasting memorial year of the child after revised version & a decade campaigning, the UN General Assembly adopted the convention on the rights of the child on November 20 1989 and ratified by 135 nations including India.

scholarly journals The Protection of Refugee Children in Africa: Post-Convention on The Rights of The Child

Fundamina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Leah A Ndimurwimo ◽  
Molya Vundamina
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Displaced Children ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Rights Issues

The plight of refugees is currently one of the concerning global human rights issues. The refugee population is largely comprised of women and children who become displaced during armed conflicts; this is because the majority of persons killed or who become victims of forced disappearance are men. Forcibly displaced children face direct physical threats, as well as a variety of health-related problems. Although forcibly displaced children generally include those who are not refugees, this contribution is only concerned with refugee children. Refugee children are vulnerable to different types of abuse and exploitation, and often become the target of discrimination, sexual exploitation and social marginalisation in the refugee transit camps and countries of exile. Although the Convention on the Rights of Child, 1989 was adopted to protect children’s rights worldwide, the true impact of these provisions remains uncertain. This contribution examines the extent to which the adherence to the Convention on the Rights of the Child is promoted in Africa. This study compares the situation in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia to pinpoint the legal and practical challenges that face refugee children in those countries. The contribution concludes with recommended solutions for effectively protecting and promoting refugee children’s rights in Africa.

scholarly journals Juvenile Justitia and the protection of children’s rights in Europe: the practice of the European Court of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (68) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Mykola Bondaruk ◽  
Serhiy H. Melenko ◽  
Liubov Omelchuk ◽  
Liliya Radchenko ◽  
Anzhela Levenets
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
European Court ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Status

The objective of the research is to analyze the main violations of children's rights within the European Convention on Human Rights to highlight the basic positions of the European Court of Human Rights ECHR on their protection, as well as to determine the advisability of applying the practice of this court by the European states. The methodological basis of the work consists of different methods, such as analysis and synthesis, dialectical, logical-legal and formal-legal. The result of this work allowed identifying the role of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights as a source of European law and its importance for the protection of the rights of the child, interpreting the legal positions established in the pertinent decisions of the said court and comparing them, to justify the need for your careful observation of the practice of the ECHR in the application of the law. It is concluded that the practice of the ECHR is recognized as a source of law in most states. And although the Ukrainian legal tradition does not recognize the status of judicial precedent as a source of law, such precedents are actively used in everyday legal activity.

Intersectionality and Children’s Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
Jessica Dixon Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Child Brides

This chapter illustrates the influence of intersectionality on children’s rights through examination of child marriage. It demonstrates how interlocking identities of female children across the globe create specific vulnerabilities that subject them to sexual violence and forced pregnancies within marriage to older men. This chapter identifies poverty, geography, religion, ethnicity, traditional patriarchal practices, and war or civil conflict as consistent factors that strongly influence the prevalence of forced marriage in many countries. It analyzes whether domestic and international laws, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, provide sufficient protection to prevent child brides. It concludes with a discussion of how community and nonprofit leaders are affecting cultural change and global education on child marriage and how young women are given voice through court cases challenging the practice as child abuse and oppression.

The World Declaration of the Rights of the Child: Anticipated Challenges

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Hojat
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Early Parent

The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child which was unanimously adopted by the UN General Assembly is described as a memorable chapter in the history of human civilization. This landmark document has neither been ratified by the United States nor publicized by child health professionals and media. A few of the Convention's guidelines related to early parent-child relations are briefly cited and the role of parents, particularly that of mothers, in protecting their children's rights is discussed. The author anticipates implementation of the guidelines might generate conflict of interest among groups with nontraditional views on family and child care and challenges to the implementations of the guidelines could therefore be expected. Among the reasons for such anticipated challenges are the ongoing controversial and emotional arguments in the literature on child development concerning maternal paid employment and alternative child care, changing views and emphasis on a new definition of marriage, family and motherhood by feminist groups, and inadequate educational indoctrination on child-care issues among some family physicians and pediatricians. The guidelines should not be buried under personal agendas, organizational biases, wishful thinking, ignorance, and political considerations Finally, the obligation of professionals in health and human services as well as State authorities to support positive ideology on children's rights is discussed.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: The Good, the Bad, and the Useless

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Midori Matthew
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (UNCRC), put forth in 1989, has generated a global movement in the direction of protecting and promoting children’s rights, resulting in a paradigm change in how children are perceived under the law. While the UNCRC is the most widely ratified international human rights treaty in human history, children’s fundamental right to protection continues to be violated through actions instigated by adults, such as neglect, physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, or being coerced into marriage, wartime activities, or slavery. This is largely a result of international law having no empirical legal binding; since countries are sovereign upon themselves, without domestic enforcement by each individual signatory country, there is no obligation to abide by the terms of international treaties. Applying both a philosophical and legal framework, this paper seeks to provide a critical analysis of whether or not treaties of international law, such as the Convention on the Rights of Children (UNCRC), have an unyielded potential to spark a tangible, beneficial change in the promotion of children’s rights, or if such doctrines are nothing more than glorified pieces of lip service paid to bolster the signatory country’s face value on a global level.

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