Individual and Societal Well-Being

2018 ◽  
pp. 698-722
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Oishi ◽  
Samantha J. Heintzleman
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetic Origins

This chapter highlights the contributions that have been made by personality and social psychology, respectively and together, to the science of well-being. Since its humble beginning in the 1930s, the science of well-being has grown to become one of the most vibrant research topics in psychological science today. The personality tradition of well-being research has shown that it is possible to measure well-being reliably, that self-reported well-being predicts important life outcomes, and that well-being has nontrivial genetic origins. The social psychology tradition has illuminated that there are various cultural meanings of well-being, that responses to well-being questions involve multiple cognitive processes, that happiness is experienced often in relationship contexts, and that it is possible to improve one’s well-being. Finally, there are recent methodological integrations of the personality and social psychology perspectives that delineate person–situation interactions.

Individual and Societal Well-Being

2012 ◽  
pp. 596-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetic Origins

This chapter highlights the contributions that have been made by personality and social psychology, respectively and together, to the science of well-being. Since its humble beginning in the 1930s, the science of well-being has grown to become one of the most vibrant research topics in psychological science today. The personality tradition of well-being research has shown that it is possible to measure well-being reliably, that self-reported well-being predicts important life outcomes, and that well-being has nontrivial genetic origins. The social psychology tradition has illuminated that there are various cultural meanings of “well-being,” that responses to well-being questions involve multiple cognitive processes, that happiness is experienced often in relationship contexts, and that it is possible to improve one’s well-being. Finally, there are recent methodological integrations of the personality and social psychology perspectives that delineate person-situation interactions and gene–environment interactions.

scholarly journals The social psychology of economic inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Easterbrook
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
Developed Nations

In this review, I provide an overview of the literature investigating the social psychology of economic inequality, focusing on individuals’ understandings, perceptions, and reactions to inequality. I begin by describing different ways of measuring perceptions of inequality, and conclude that absolute measures—which ask respondents to estimate inequality in more concrete terms—tend to be more useful and accurate than relative measures. I then describe how people understand inequality, highlighting the roles of cognitive heuristics, accessibility of information, self-interest, and context and culture. I review the evidence regarding how people react to inequality, suggesting that inequality is associated with higher well-being in developing nations but lower well-being in developed nations, mostly because of hopes or fears for the future. The evidence from developed nations suggests that inequality increases individuals’ concerns about status and economic resources, increases their perception that the social world is competitive and individualistic, and erodes their faith in others, political systems, and democracy in general.

Political diversity will improve social psychological science

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Duarte ◽  
Jarret T. Crawford ◽  
Charlotta Stern ◽  
Jonathan Haidt ◽  
Lee Jussim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Viewpoint Diversity ◽  
Academic Psychology ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPsychologists have demonstrated the value of diversity – particularly diversity of viewpoints – for enhancing creativity, discovery, and problem solving. But one key type of viewpoint diversity is lacking in academic psychology in general and social psychology in particular: political diversity. This article reviews the available evidence and finds support for four claims: (1) Academic psychology once had considerable political diversity, but has lost nearly all of it in the last 50 years. (2) This lack of political diversity can undermine the validity of social psychological science via mechanisms such as the embedding of liberal values into research questions and methods, steering researchers away from important but politically unpalatable research topics, and producing conclusions that mischaracterize liberals and conservatives alike. (3) Increased political diversity would improve social psychological science by reducing the impact of bias mechanisms such as confirmation bias, and by empowering dissenting minorities to improve the quality of the majority's thinking. (4) The underrepresentation of non-liberals in social psychology is most likely due to a combination of self-selection, hostile climate, and discrimination. We close with recommendations for increasing political diversity in social psychology.

Social psychology of group and personality in changing Russia (to the 85-th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Chernyshev)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sergei Sarychev ◽  
◽  
G. N. Larina ◽  
Sergei Elizarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Young People ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Service ◽  
Psychological Education

In honor of the 85-th anniversary of his birth, the scientific views of the outstanding Russian social psychologist A.S. Chernyshev are presented, his contribution to the development of the theory of small groups and collectives, methods of social psychology and other areas of psychological science is noted. It is shown how ideas and developments were embodied in the activities of the psychological education service, in the social education of young people, in the psychological education of the population. His role as the leader of the Kursk scientific school in social and educational psychology is revealed.

scholarly journals Understanding success and psychological well-being of gifted kids and adolescents: Focusing on strengths of the heart

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Steven I. PFEIFFER
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Gifted Child ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Concepts

Abstract This article describes the work that the author has been focusing on over the last 15 years: understanding the social and emotional world of the gifted child and adolescent. The article describes the history behind how the author came to develop his thinking on the now popular concept, “strengths of the heart”. Strengths of the heart include a triad of psychological concepts: social skills, emotional intelligence, and character strengths and virtues. Together, this triad of psychological concepts, strengths of the heart, predict to important life outcomes, including success, psychological health, happiness, and subjective well-being.

Psicologia Social, Representações Sociais e AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Cristiano Domingues da Silva ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Oliveira Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Jaqueline Feltrin Inada
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hiv Aids

Apesar das inúmeras campanhas de prevenção, a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) ainda se constitui um grave problema de saúde pública. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais do HIV/AIDS e, assim, contribuir para o tratamento psicológico desses pacientes. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, com levantamento bibliográfico, abordando as discussões de autores da psicologia social, entre outros, a respeito do HIV/AIDS. A AIDS é uma enfermidade que marca intensamente quem a vivencia, uma vez que afeta não apenas o corporal do sujeito, mas as demais esferas da sua vida, envolvendo, muitas vezes, sentimentos negativos, tais como: a tristeza, o desejo de morte, a angústia, entre outros, que refletem no seu bem-estar mental, físico, afetivo e social. A infecção pelo HIV estabelece uma cadeia de cuidados a serem desempenhados pelas pessoas portadoras, como consultas frequentes, realização de exames laboratoriais especiais, o uso de medicamentos e mudanças na vida social que, muitas vezes, causam dificuldades que propiciam e implicam cuidados especializados em saúde mental. Atualmente, não existe uma cura para essa doença, apenas tratamento paliativo como: uso de medicamentos, tratamento com psicólogo, tratamento com psiquiatra, entre outros.Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS. Psicologia Social. Representação Social.AbstractDespite the several prevention campaigns, AIDS remains a serious public health problem. This study aims to investigate the social representations of HIV/AIDS and thereby contribute to the psychological treatment of these patients. A bibliographic review was performed showing the themes discussed about the social psychology according to the view of many authors, concerning the HIV/AIDS. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an illness that marks intensely those who experience it, since it affects not only the body of the individual, but the other spheres of his or her life, involving often negative feelings such as sadness, death desire , anguish, among others, reflecting on his or her mental, physical, emotional and social well-being. HIV infection establishes a chain of care to be taken by people with this illness, such as frequent consultations, conducting special laboratory tests, medication use and changes in social life that often cause difficulties that require mental health care specialist. Currently, there is no cure for this disease, only palliative treatment such as use of drugs, treatment with a psychologist, psychiatrist treatment, among others.Keywords: HIV/AIDS. Social Psychology. Social Representation.

scholarly journals Laypersons’ Beliefs and Intuitions About Free Will and Determinism

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Feldman ◽  
Subramanya Prasad Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Uniqueness ◽  
Folk Intuitions ◽  
The Universe

We linked between the social psychology and experimental philosophy paradigms for the study of folk intuitions and beliefs regarding the concept of free will to answer three questions: (1) What intuitions do people have about free will and determinism? (2) Do free will beliefs predict differences in free will and determinism intuitions? and (3) Is there more to free will and determinism than experiencing certainty or uncertainty about the nature of the universe? Overall, laypersons viewed the universe as allowing for human indeterminism, and they did so with certainty. Examining intuitions of prosociality, future orientation, learning, meaningfulness, human uniqueness, and well-being, ratings were highest in the indeterministic universe condition and lowest in the deterministic universe condition, both significantly different from the uncertain universe condition. Participants’ free will beliefs had only weak impact on realism, happiness, and learning intuitions but did not reverse the general intuition favoring indeterminism and showed no impact on other intuitions.

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