The So-called Deuteronomistic History and Its Theories of Composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-322
Author(s):  
Thomas Römer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Deuteronomistic History ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World ◽  
Babylonian Exile

The idea of the Deuteronomistic History was invented by Martin Noth during the Second World War in order to explain the presence and the aim of deuteronomistic texts in the books of Deuteronomy to Kings. He came to the conclusion that the Deuteronomist (who was at the same time author and redactor) wrote his history shortly after 586 bce in order to explain the reasons for the fall of Jerusalem and the Babylonian Exile. In North America, Cross transformed Noth’s theory by pointing out that many deuteronomistic texts should be understood as reflecting the reign of King Josiah. The first edition of the Deuteronomistic History became in the view of Cross and his numerous followers a propaganda work for the reign of Josiah. In Europe, Rudolf Smend and his students set up a theory of three exilic and postexilic layers of the Deuteronomistic History, whereas in the last decades many other scholars reject the theory of a Deuteronomistic History. This article will try to show that the best approach to Noth’s theory is to combine the models of Cross and Smend. Instead of a Deuteronomistic History, one should better speak of a “Deuteronomistic library” which was compiled in three stages in the seventh century bce, during the Babylonian exile, and in the first decades of the Persian period.

Politics and Ideology: Lord Moyne, Palestine and Zionism 1939–1944

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Ronen Yitzhak
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
World War ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Jewish Immigration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

This article deals with Lord Moyne's policy towards the Zionists. It refutes the claim that Lord Moyne was anti-Zionist in his political orientation and in his activities and shows that his positions did not differ from those of other British senior officials at the time. His attitude toward Jewish immigration to Palestine and toward the establishment of a Jewish Brigade during the Second World War was indeed negative. This was not due to anti-Zionist policy, however, but to British strategy that supported the White Paper of 1939 and moved closer to the Arabs during the War. While serving in the British Cabinet, Lord Moyne displayed apolitically pragmatic approach and remained loyal to Prime Minister Churchill. He therefore supported the establishment of a Jewish Brigade and the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine in the secret committee that Churchill set up in 1944. Unaware of his new positions, the Zionists assassinated him in November 1944. The murder of Lord Moyne affected Churchill, leading him to reject the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.

scholarly journals Architecture and Recreation as a Political Tool—Seaside Architectural Heritage of the Worker Holiday Fund (WHF) in the Era of the Polish People’s Republic (1949–1989)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bal ◽  
Magdalena Czałczyńska-Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World ◽  
New Facilities

The Worker Holiday Fund (WHF) was set up just after the Second World War as a state-dependent organization that arranged recreation for Polish workers under the socialist doctrine. The communist authorities turned organized recreation into a tool of indoctrination and propaganda. This research aims to characterize the seaside tourism architecture in the Polish People’s Republic (1949–1989) against the background of nationalized and organized tourism being used as a political tool, to typify the architecture and to verify the influence of politics on the development of holiday architecture in Poland. The research methodology is based on historical and interpretative studies (iconology, iconography and historiography) and field studies. The research helped distinguish four basic groups of holiday facilities: one form of adapted facilities (former villas and boarding houses) and three forms of new facilities (sanatorium-type, pavilion-type and lightweight temporary facilities, such as bungalows and cabins). The study found that each type of holiday facility was characterized by certain political significance and social impact. Gradual destruction was the fate of a significant part of WHF facilities, which, in the public awareness, are commonly associated with the past era of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) as an “unwanted heritage”.

‘Bais Yaakov, Let Us Walk in the Light of the Lord’

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Naomi Seidman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
North America ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

This chapter details the phenomenology of the Bais Yaakov movement during the Holocaust and after. The experiment that was Bais Yaakov was still expanding at a rapid rate and had hardly had a chance to come into its own when it fell victim to the destruction of European Jewry. Despite the disbanding of Bais Yaakov schools with the outbreak of the Second World War, numerous memoirs and histories of the movement attest to its continued clandestine activity during the war years. The networks forged in the interwar movement aided in the rapid re-emergence of Bais Yaakov schools and Bnos groups in the immediate aftermath of the war. Bais Yaakov established itself more permanently after the Holocaust in the centres of Orthodox life throughout the world, particularly in North America and Israel. Bais Yaakov schools had already been founded in both countries during the interwar period, and the Beth Jacob High School established in 1938 by Sarah Schenirer's student Vichna Kaplan operated under the authority of the Central Office in Europe.

The K number

Quaerendo ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 385-408
Author(s):  
René Kruis ◽  
Gerrold van der Stroom
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Printing Paper ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

AbstractSome books printed in occupied Holland during the Second World War carry a so-called K number. This was long supposed to signify approval by the Kultuurkamer, a ‘wrong’ (i.e. a pro-German or, as in this case, puppet) body that was set up in November 1941 by the country’s German governor or Reichskommissar. It has now become clear that this is incorrect: the K number was in fact introduced in July 1941 as a bureaucratic means of monitoring and controlling the supply and rationing of all printing paper by the Dutch Department of Economic Affairs, and was a consequence of pre-war Dutch rationing legislation dating from 1939.

scholarly journals Poznan University Pedagogy at “Secret” University of the Western Lands in Warsaw (1940-1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-328
Author(s):  
Konrad Nowak-Kluczyński
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

During the Second World War, besides the fact that Poznan University stayed closed, Poznan University pedagogy was continuing its didactic, research and organizational activities under the „Secret” University of the Western Lands (UZZ) in Warsaw, which was set up in 1940-1945. In the UZZ structure, there was the Department of Humanistic Studies with a pedagogy section.

Thailand

2019 ◽  
pp. 362-385
Author(s):  
Vitit Muntarbhorn
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
Key Players ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

This chapter focuses on international law in Thailand. Siam was one of the original states from the Asian region that took part in the formation of the international legal system, notably the Hague Conference in 1899, which resulted in various treaties on the law of war, followed by the 1907 Hague Conference that resulted in a host of treaties on rules and regulations concerning the conduct of war. It was a member of the League of Nations and contributed to key international developments, such as the evolution of treaties against human trafficking. In the diplomatic juggle to set up the United Nations after the Second World War, Thailand sought membership, played its hand diplomatically, and gained admission. It was also one of the founders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967, and it was one of the key players that brought peace to Cambodia and the region in the 1990s.

Introduction to the 1955 Edition

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
Naomi Seidman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
North America ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

This chapter details the phenomenology of the Bais Yaakov movement during the Holocaust and after. The experiment that was Bais Yaakov was still expanding at a rapid rate and had hardly had a chance to come into its own when it fell victim to the destruction of European Jewry. Despite the disbanding of Bais Yaakov schools with the outbreak of the Second World War, numerous memoirs and histories of the movement attest to its continued clandestine activity during the war years. The networks forged in the interwar movement aided in the rapid re-emergence of Bais Yaakov schools and Bnos groups in the immediate aftermath of the war. Bais Yaakov established itself more permanently after the Holocaust in the centres of Orthodox life throughout the world, particularly in North America and Israel. Bais Yaakov schools had already been founded in both countries during the interwar period, and the Beth Jacob High School established in 1938 by Sarah Schenirer's student Vichna Kaplan operated under the authority of the Central Office in Europe.

Jewish Consultants after the Second World War

2003 ◽  
pp. 252-285
Author(s):  
John Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Post War ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter explores Jewish consultants after the Second World War. In the years immediately after the Second World War, there was a shortage of places in British medical schools, and in the intense competition for admission between recent school-leavers and returning soldiers, priority was given to those who could show evidence of military service. As a result, there were instances of prejudice being shown against Jewish applicants and refugees, some of whom were of Jewish origin. Meanwhile, because of the shortage of consultants at the inauguration of the National Health Service in 1948, hospitals had to employ a large number of refugee doctors, many of whom were specialists. While the post-war period saw an expansion of the number of Jewish doctors practising in London, the increase over the late 1930s was not dramatic. Following the Race Relations Acts of 1965, 1968, and 1976, a more tolerant climate of opinion gradually evolved which assisted Jews and others when they applied for medical scholarships and appointments as specialists. The chapter then examines how the new machinery set up for the selection of senior hospital staff enhanced the opportunities for Jewish candidates to make successful applications.

Settler dominance, agricultural production and the Second World War in Kenya

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
European Maize ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

The article examines the ways in which European settler farmers successfully used wartime conditions to secure their economic recovery and lay a basis for future economic dominance in Kenya. In 1939–40 farmers attempted with only limited success to persuade the Imperial government to purchase high-priced agricultural products. London's acquiescence was given reluctantly to avoid the possibility of political difficulties. In Kenya, largely due to a shortage of manpower and wartime feelings of solidarity, settlers were drawn extensively into the government positions. After the call for increased production for the Middle East in November 1941 the Agricultural Production and Settlement Board was set up with a network of settler-controlled district committees to direct production and administer the distribution of a range of new subsidies. Various forms of indirect assistance and disguised aid were devised further to assist European producers. Minimum prices were fixed at differential levels for European and African maize growers. Both the War Office and the Colonial Office believed European maize to be overpriced whereas African payments were fixed at a level which depressed production and contributed to the famine of 1943. Cattle prices were also set at levels favouring European settlers. Forcible methods were extensively used in the reserves to collect cattle, some of which were sold to settlers at advantageous prices. Overall, the benefits enjoyed by the settlers during the war years can be sharply contrasted with the economic difficulties experienced by the African farmers. The benefits of increased African cash incomes were more than offset by rapid price rises in all imported goods and meat, forcible cattle purchases and severe food shortages in 1943 and 1944.

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