Countering False Beliefs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-pui Sally Chan ◽  
Christopher Jones ◽  
Dolores Albarracín
Keyword(s):  
Decision Trees ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Influence Effect

Although false beliefs about science are at the core of theory and practice in the field of scientific communication, correction and retraction of misinformation entail a complex and difficult process. This chapter first provides a review of trends in scientific retraction and correction notes failures in the fundamental communicative function of signaling that a published finding has been invalidated. It describes the recent practical communication developments that are increasing the transparency and visibility of retractions and corrections of fraudulent or incorrect scientific findings and examines the final barrier to correction of misbelief: the continued influence effect. The chapter reviews the results of a meta-analysis of the continued influence effect and present psychology-based recommendations in the form of decision trees to guide the work of scientists and practitioners and provides eight best practice recommendations for science communication scholars and practitioners as they continue their battle against misinformation.

Empathy

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Elliott ◽  
Arthur C. Bohart ◽  
Jeanne C. Watson ◽  
David Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Presenting Problems ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
The Core ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Therapist Empathy

Empathy refers to understanding what another person is experiencing or trying to express. The chapter begins by discussing definitional issues and presenting an integrative definition. It then reviews measures of therapist empathy, including the conceptual problem of separating empathy from other relationship variables. Clinical examples illustrating different forms of therapist empathy and empathic response modes are then presented. The core of the review is a meta-analysis of research on the relation between therapist empathy and client outcome. Results indicated that empathy is a moderately strong predictor of therapy outcome: mean weighted r = .28 (equivalent of d = .58) for 82 independent samples and 6,138 clients. In general, the empathy–outcome relation held for different theoretical orientations and client presenting problems. The chapter considers the limitations of the current data and concludes with diversity considerations and practice recommendations, including endorsing the different forms that empathy may take in therapy.

Experiential entrepreneurship education via US films: why and how

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-941
Author(s):  
Eric Liguori ◽  
Jeff Muldoon ◽  
Josh Bendickson
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Technological Advances

PurposeExperiential education is key if the authors as scholar-educators are to empower the next generation of students to recognize opportunities, exploit them and succeed in entrepreneurship. Experiences facilitate the bridge between theory and practice; experiencing something serves as the linking process between action and thought. Capitalizing on technological advances of the last two decades, this paper depicts how film can be (and why it should be) incorporated into entrepreneurship classrooms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze the learning literature, broadly defined, to assess and articulate the experiential nature of film. More specifically, this paper establishes a framework for film as an experiential pedagogical approach, offering theoretical connections and best practice recommendations. In doing so, this paper assesses two feature films and provide educators with a guide for their use in the classroom.FindingsThis paper establishes a framework for film as an experiential pedagogical approach, offering theoretical connections and best practice recommendations. It concludes with two actionable case examples, broad enough they are deployable in almost any entrepreneurship classroom, assuming English is the primary language.Originality/valueThis paper brings to life a concept some have long assumed is effective, but the literature often neglects: the use of film as an experiential medium. In doing so, two new case examples are developed and available for immediate deployment into classrooms.

Best-practice recommendations for estimating interaction effects using meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Aguinis ◽  
Ryan K. Gottfredson ◽  
Thomas A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Practice Recommendations

scholarly journals Best Practice Recommendations for Replicating Experiments in Public Administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Walker ◽  
Gene A Brewer ◽  
M Jin Lee ◽  
Nicolai Petrovsky ◽  
Arjen van Witteloostuijn
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Social Science Field ◽  
Organizational Rules

Abstract Replication is an important mechanism through which broad lessons for theory and practice can be drawn in the applied interdisciplinary social science field of public administration. We suggest a common replication framework for public administration that is illustrated by experimental work in the field. Drawing on knowledge from other disciplines, together with our experience in replicating several experiments on topics such as decision making, organizational rules, and government–citizen relationships, we provide an overview of the replication process. We then distill this knowledge into seven decision points that offer a clear set of best practices on how to design and implement replications in public administration. We conclude by arguing that replication should be part of the normal scientific process in public administration to help to build valid middle-range theories and provide valuable lessons to practice.

scholarly journals Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Sherrington ◽  
Anne Tiedemann ◽  
Nicola Fairhall ◽  
Jacqueline C.T. Close ◽  
Stephen R. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

scholarly journals Scientific communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kobylarek
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
The Core ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Core Characteristics ◽  
Communication In Science

The article tackles the problem of models of communication in science. The formal division of communication processes into oral and written does not resolve the problem of attitude. The author defines successful communication as a win-win game, based on the respect and equality of the partners, regardless of their position in the world of science. The core characteristics of the process of scientific communication are indicated , such as openness, fairness, support, and creation. The task of creating the right atmosphere for science communication belongs to moderators, who should not allow privilege and differentiation of position to affect scientific communication processes.

scholarly journals Reporting, presentation and wording of recommendations in clinical practice guideline for gout: a systematic analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e024315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Janne Estill ◽  
Xiaoqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Reporting Recommendation

ObjectivesWe systematically analysed recommendations from gout guidelines as an example, to provide a basis for developing a reporting standard of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).DesignSystematic review without meta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE and all relevant guideline websites (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, WHO, Guidelines International Network, DynaMed, UpTodate, Best Practice) from their inception to January 2017 to identify and select gout CPGs. We used search terms such as ‘gout’, ‘hyperuricemia’ and ‘guideline’. We included the eligible CPGs of gout according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria after screening titles, abstracts and full texts. The characteristics of recommendations reported in the included guidelines were extracted and analysed.ResultsA total of 15 gout guidelines with a range of 5–80 recommendations were retrieved. Several indicators were used in the gout guidelines to facilitate identification of recommendations, including grouping all recommendations in a summary section, formatting recommendations in a particular or special way, using locating words for recommendations and indicating the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence. We found some components commonly used in the recommendations. The wording of recommendations varied across guidelines. Recommendations were detailed and explained in the section of rationale and explanation of recommendations. In some guidelines, recommendations were accompanied with other material to assist their reporting.ConclusionsVariability and inconsistency were found on the reporting and presentation of recommendations in gout guidelines. Several points for reporting recommendation can be summarised. First, we suggested summarising and highlighting the core recommendations in a guideline. Second, guideline developers should try to structure and write recommendations reasonably. Third, it was necessary to detail and explain the recommendations and their rationale. Finally, describing and providing other potential useful contents was also a helpful way for clear reporting.

The Nature of Degrowth: Theorising the Core of Nature for the Degrowth Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasi Heikkurinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Radical Reduction ◽  
Nature Experience ◽  
Matter Energy

This article investigates human–nature relations in the light of the recent call for degrowth, a radical reduction of matter–energy throughput in over-producing and over-consuming cultures. It outlines a culturally sensitive response to a (conceived) paradox where humans embedded in nature experience alienation and estrangement from it. The article finds that if nature has a core, then the experienced distance makes sense. To describe the core of nature, three temporal lenses are employed: the core of nature as ‘the past’, ‘the future’, and ‘the present’. It is proposed that while the degrowth movement should be inclusive of temporal perspectives, the lens of the present should be emphasised to balance out the prevailing romanticism and futurism in the theory and practice of degrowth.

Hybrid and Austere Responses to the Problem of Error

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Extended Sense ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Long Range Planning ◽  
The Ideal

Chapter 8 explores the Austere and Hybrid Responses to the problem of error. The two types of response are described in both ideal and non-ideal versions. Both are found wanting, but the Austere Response emerges as best. Codes endorsed by the Austere approach cannot be shown to meet the “goal-oriented” desiderata of maximizing social welfare, facilitating social cooperation and long-range planning, or guaranteeing the occurrence of the ideal pattern of actions. But Austere-endorsed codes do satisfy the conceptual desiderata for “usable” moral theories in the core (but not the extended) sense of “usability.” They are usable despite the agent’s false beliefs, and they provide agents with the opportunity to live a successful moral life according to the modest conception of this life. This chapter concludes that the only remedy for the problem of error is an Austere code containing a derivative duty for agents to gather information before acting.

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