Social and Personality Perspectives on Parenting in an Evolutionary Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-96
Author(s):  
Jose C. Yong ◽  
Norman P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Functional Context ◽  
Environmental Demands ◽  
Parent Child

This chapter evaluates the dominant social-personality theories of parenting. It highlights the limitations inherent in the literature, particularly the lack of integration between the domains of parenting and attachment as well as the inability to make claims about the specific causes and effects of parent–child dynamics. The chapter then explains how an evolutionary life history perspective allows for a better understanding of parenting and attachment patterns and overcomes these limitations by grounding parent–child dynamics in a functional context. An evolutionary perspective stresses that different parenting styles and attachment types represent facultative responses to environmental demands, thereby facilitating adaptive responses to anticipated interpersonal interactions in the interest of individual fitness. Ultimately, parenting and attachment behaviors reflect life strategies on a fast–slow continuum that aim to maximize ancestral reproductive success in response to environmental harshness and unpredictability.

scholarly journals Psychotic symptoms in the general population – an evolutionary perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Kelleher ◽  
Jack A. Jenner ◽  
Mary Cannon
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Research Population

SummaryOur ideas about the intrinsically pathological nature of hallucinations and delusions are being challenged by findings from epidemiology, neuroimaging and clinical research. Population-based studies using both self-report and interview surveys show that the prevalence of psychotic symptoms is far greater than had been previously considered, prompting us to re-evaluate these psychotic symptoms and their meaning in an evolutionary context. This non-clinical phenotype may hold the key to understanding the persistence of psychosis in the population. From a neuroscientific point of view, detailed investigation of the non-clinical psychosis phenotype should provide novel leads for research into the aetiology, nosology and treatment of psychosis.

scholarly journals Depression, Religiosity, and Parenting Styles among Young Latter-Day Saint Adolescents

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Mark Ogletree ◽  
W. Dyer ◽  
Michael Goodman ◽  
Courtney Kinneard ◽  
Bradley McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Religious Coping ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Parent Child

This study examines depression among Latter-day Saint teens, particularly how religiosity and the parent–child relationship are associated with depressive symptomology. Although there is an abundance of research on adolescent depression and on adolescent religiosity, there is less research addressing the connection between the two. The research questions include: Does religiosity among Latter-day Saint teens reduce their rates of depression? What aspects of religiosity affect depression most significantly? How does religious coping influence depression? How does the parent–child relationship affect depression rates among Latter-day Saint teens? Being a sexual minority and living in Utah were related to higher levels of depression. Greater depression was also associated with more anxiety and poorer physical health. Authoritative parenting by fathers was associated with lower depression for daughters but not sons. Finally, feeling abandoned by God was related to higher depression, while peer support at church was associated with lower depression.

scholarly journals Parent–Child Aggression: Association With Child Abuse Potential and Parenting Styles

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Abuse Potential ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Child Abuse Potential ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Physical Maltreatment ◽  
Parent Child

The present investigation predicted that greater use of corporal punishment as well as physical maltreatment would be associated with child abuse potential and selected parenting styles. Three independent studies were examined, two with community samples and a third with a clinical at-risk sample of parents. Parents across all studies anonymously completed the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, the Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale to assess physical discipline and maltreatment, as well as the Parenting Scale to measure dysfunctional parenting styles. Findings support that overall parent–child aggression, as well as physical maltreatment behaviors specifically, were associated with child abuse potential. Parent–child aggression was also related to dysfunctional parenting styles, particularly an overreactive, authoritarian parenting style. Permissive parenting was also identified as potentially associated with physical maltreatment, although the findings regarding such lax parenting styles are less clear. Intriguing findings emerged regarding the connection of psychological aggression to both child abuse potential and dysfunctional parenting style. Child abuse potential was also associated with dysfunctional parenting style, particularly harsh, overreactive approaches. Recommendations for future study with at-risk samples and additional research on permissive parenting and psychological aggression are discussed.

scholarly journals Creating a Safe Haven for Children: The Effect of Parent-Child Attachment and Parenting Strategy on Children’s Risk Perceptions to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhong ◽  
Qiu Cheng ◽  
Guangyuan Jia ◽  
Kinglun Ngok
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Children’s climate change risk perceptions including their attitudes and mitigation behaviors, which are crucial to protect themselves from the consequence of climate extremes. However, recent studies have not identified the complex interplay effects between children’s climate change risk perceptions and their family relationships. This study explored the effects of parent-child attachment, parenting strategies as well as their co-influence on children’s risk perceptions to cope with climate changes through investigating a pilot disaster education program in China. Data was collected from 1,710 children aged 8–12 in 45 primary schools in Sichuan Province in 2018. We used Ordinary Least Square Regression and Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the effects of parent-child attachment, different parenting styles and their co-influencing mechanism on children’s risk perceptions. The results found that frequent parent-children interactions had significantly positive effects on children’s risk perceptions, and these effects were more significant in the single-raised children than the children raised by two parents. We further established a conceptual framework for understanding the different parent-child attachment patterns for children’s climate change risk perception based on a mathematical quadrant between frequent parent-child interactions and available attached figures, and found children’s risk perceptions are varied attributed to different patterns of parent-child attachment. Theoretical implications related to climate change and practical implications for family and community mitigation were discussed.

scholarly journals A cross-cultural study of the effect of parental bonding on the perception and response to criticism in Singapore, Italy and USA

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257888
Author(s):  
Michelle Jin Yee Neoh ◽  
Alessandro Carollo ◽  
Andrea Bonassi ◽  
Claudio Mulatti ◽  
Albert Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

Parents play a primary and crucial role in emotional socialisation processes in children where individuals learn the expression, understanding and regulation of emotions. Parenting practices and dimensions of the parent-child relationship have been associated with social and emotional processes in children. As criticism involves negative emotional reactions and emotion regulation, the parent-child relationship is likely to influence an individual’s perception and response to criticism. Hence, the present study investigated the relationship of parental bonding and the perception and response to criticism in three different countries–Singapore, Italy and USA. Adult participants (n = 444) completed the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) and measures of criticism. Parental care, overprotection and country were found to be significant predictors of a tendency to perceive criticism as destructive. Higher levels of parental care predicted a lower tendency to perceive criticism as destructive while higher levels of parental overprotection predicted a higher tendency to perceive criticism as destructive. US American participants were found to have a significantly higher tendency to perceive criticism as destructive compared to Italian and Singaporean participants. The findings align with past research on the role of the parent-child relationship in the socio-emotional development of children as well as providing insight into a specific aspect in social interaction; perception and response to criticism, being affected. Future studies can look to investigate this relationship further in different countries in light of cultural variation in parenting styles and emotion experience, expression and regulation.

Phobias

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McGuire ◽  
Alfonso Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Context

This chapter outlines phobias from an evolutionary perspective. It reviews some of the ways in which the interpretation of phobias in an evolutionary context differs from the interpretations developed by prevailing models (e.g., an overlearned response, dysfunctionality of CNS receptors).

scholarly journals Evolutionary perspectives on human behavior during the coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne ◽  
Daniel R Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives ◽  
Do So

Abstract The coronavirus pandemic constitutes a global challenge to society and medicine. Here, we review evolutionary insights that are relevant for the understanding of how people respond to the pandemic and what to expect in the aftermath of the crisis. Specifically, we argue that the behavioral immune system (BIS) and sickness behavior (SB) comprise two adaptive responses to impending and actual infection, respectively, and that individuals activating their BIS differ from those showing SB in important ways that may have implications for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, we reframe some of the behavioral health issues associated with the pandemic in a game-theoretical scenario, illustrating the difficulties that arise when public health is treated as a ‘public good’. Lay summary: The coronavirus pandemic constitutes a global challenge to society and medicine. In this article, we employ evolutionary theory to improve our understanding of how people respond to the pandemic. Specifically, we argue that human behavior is guided by ancient mechanisms involving either the avoidance of infection or defense against attacks in times of enhanced vulnerability. Moreover, we reframe some of the behavioral health issues associated with the pandemic in a game-theoretical scenario. This helps understand why most people comply with rules of social distancing, while a minority fails to do so for very different reasons. The evolutionary perspective also allows making some predictions for the course of the pandemic.

Discipline by Grace

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Narramore
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
A Current ◽  
Parent Child

The strengths and weaknesses of various parenting styles is both a current research emphasis and an issue with significant practical ramifications. This article suggests that the distinction between law (or legalism) and grace as a means of relating to God sheds light on the most effective style of parent-child interaction. Five contrasts between law and grace are enumerated and their implications for parenting discussed.

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