States, Nonstate Actors, and Economics in Global Health Governance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Youde
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Past Generation ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
Economic Engagement

The economic landscape for global health politics has shifted dramatically over the past generation as private and nonstate actors become increasingly important sources of development assistance for health. The growing economic clout of nonstate actors in the global health space raises questions about the role of states in funding development programs, whether state and nonstate actors work in a complementary fashion, and if there are fundamental shifts in the nature of global governance, legitimacy, and authority under way. This chapter examines the intersection of state and nonstate actors in the economic dimensions of global health governance by examining the different types of nonstate actors getting involved in funding global health programs, the historical experience of nonstate actors in global health, the informal division of labor within global health governance, and potential pathways for facilitating positive economic engagement between state and nonstate actors in the economics of global health.

Globalisation and the Politics of Global Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-58
Author(s):  
Matthew Sparke
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter examines how the politics of global health have been shaped by globalisation. This means evaluating its effects on both the material level of political-economic integration and on the ideational level of political-cultural discourse. The former is conventionally tied through a focus on trade and travel to global public health security, and the latter is often associated with global humanitarian care. Going beyond this dualistic divide, however, this chapter argues that globalisation has spun a connective thread running through both regimes. This connective thread is the pro-market neo-liberal governance that sutures globalisation’s integrative and ideational dynamics with powerful binding implications for health. Due to these ties that bind, processes of neo-liberalisation deeply influence global health, creating global health vulnerabilities and problems through structural violence while also shaping and steering the delivery of global health responses. Global health governance remains influenced by other international and postcolonial health regimes that continue to inspire alternatives to the global expansion of neo-liberal norms. However, the same market forces that have made globalisation a synonym for processes of neo-liberalisation have also now become the dominant transnational influence shaping the ‘global’ in global health politics.

s.Two Implementation and Accountability, 9 Advancing Human Rights through Global Health Governance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meier Benjamin Mason ◽  
Cinà Margherita Marianna ◽  
Gostin Lawrence O
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter addresses the international organizations that have accepted human rights obligations as a way of framing their global health policies, programs, and practices. International organizations within the United Nations (UN) system are engaged in implementing human rights—in both the mission they carry out and the way in which they carry out that mission. The UN has called on all programs, funds, and specialized agencies to mainstream human rights across their efforts, and various agencies have taken up this call to advance human rights for public health – beginning with the evolving role of the World Health Organization and expanding to encompass a sweeping set of international organizations that address health determinants. While there remain obstacles to the systematic operationalization of human rights across the global health governance landscape, international organizations are seeking to integrate their efforts to mainstream human rights in global health.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Youde
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
English School ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Generation

The conclusion ties together the various arguments made throughout the book to reinforce the overarching theoretical and narrative themes. First, it emphasizes how global health governance has emerged over the past generation to take its place as a secondary institution within international society. Second, it acknowledges the value in drawing on the English School of international relations theory for understanding the emergence, growth, and resilience of this institution. Third, it pushes English School theory to better incorporate international political economy and non-state actors into its theoretical framework. Finally, it uses these insights to forecast future directions in global health governance.

Civil Society and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 365-385
Author(s):  
David McCoy ◽  
Joseph Gafton
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Role Of The State

Civil society may be defined as both a space in society and a collection of certain types of actor. As a space, it exists alongside the state and markets; as a set of actors, it interacts with a range of governmental bodies and businesses. Over the past three or four decades, neoliberal globalisation has dramatically changed the distribution of power across society, while also institutionalising a set of policies that have diminished the role of the state, undermined democracy, and established the dominance of market logic. These developments have influenced both international health policy and the structures of global governance. Furthermore, they have also shaped the nature of civil society’s participation in global health policy and governance. Crucially, civil society does not merely intervene in global health politics from outside, but is itself sculpted by the ideologies and political conditions that surround it. This chapter explores the political nature of civil society and its relationship to global health politics, including the political nature of new non-state actors such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the emergence of global health partnerships, which have ostensibly increased civil society involvement in global health governance. It argues that civil society participation in global health governance tends to represent powerful and hegemonic interests rather than those most in need. It also discusses how current political, economic and technological developments will influence civil society’s participation in global health politics, and shape the challenges faced by society more generally.

Advancing Human Rights through Global Health Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-218
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mason Meier ◽  
Margherita Marianna Cinà ◽  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter addresses the international organizations that have accepted human rights obligations as a way of framing their global health policies, programs, and practices. International organizations within the United Nations (UN) system are engaged in implementing human rights—in both the mission they carry out and the way in which they carry out that mission. The UN has called on all programs, funds, and specialized agencies to mainstream human rights across their efforts, and various agencies have taken up this call to advance human rights for public health – beginning with the evolving role of the World Health Organization and expanding to encompass a sweeping set of international organizations that address health determinants. While there remain obstacles to the systematic operationalization of human rights across the global health governance landscape, international organizations are seeking to integrate their efforts to mainstream human rights in global health.

The English School and the Emergence of International Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Youde
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Society ◽  
English School ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Rich History

English School theorizing is particularly relevant for understanding why and under what circumstances actors choose to contribute to coordinated international actions. English School theory has both a rich history and a nuanced understanding of the international environment that allows it to comprehend the emergence of complex systems like global health governance as an institution within international society. This chapter describes the foundations of the English School and highlights its usefulness for understanding the expansion and resilience of global health governance. At the same time, this chapter expands upon the English School, pushing it to address the role of non-state actors within international society and incorporate political economy into its theorizing. While this institution has emerged, it does not always operate in an optimal fashion, nor does it obviate the fact that states may sometimes act in selfish ways.

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