Aggression, Impulsivity, and Personality Disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Siever ◽  
Joshua E. Kuluva
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Type Of Behavior ◽  
Core Features

Aggressivity and impulsivity are traits that are core features of the Cluster B personality disorders. Within these disorders, impulsive aggression leads to a significant amount of morbidity and mortality. This type of behavior is intrinsically linked to violence, suicide, and substance abuse. In this chapter, we will discuss the phenomenology of these traits, the neurobiology of impulsive aggression, and some potential treatment options. We will conclude with some thoughts on the future direction of research in this filed.

OC Spectrum Disorders: The Impulsive and Schizo-Obsessive Clusters

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander ◽  
Jennifer Rosen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Pathologic Gambling

AbstractTwo symptom clusters within the obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum—the impulsive cluster and the schizo-obsessive cluster—are discussed in this paper. Disorders characterized by impulsivity include disorders of impulse control (eg, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, kleptomania, pathologic gambling, trichotillomania); paraphilias, sexual impulsions, and sexual addictions; and impulsive aggression personality disorders (eg, borderline, antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders). The schizo-obsessive cluster includes comorbid symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. Both clusters of disorders have a substantial impact on individuals and society. This article examines the overlap of symptoms between OCD and OC spectrum disorders, along with possible treatment options. Studies on the effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating pathologic gambling, compulsive buying, and comorbid OCD and schizophrenia are presented. The need for additional large scale, adequately-controlled studies is discussed.

scholarly journals Divalproex in the Treatment of Impulsive Aggression: Efficacy in Cluster B Personality Disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander ◽  
Katherine A Tracy ◽  
Alan C Swann ◽  
Emil F Coccaro ◽  
Susan L McElroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders

Impulsivity

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2_suppl1) ◽  
pp. S39-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hollander ◽  
J. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
Impulsive Aggression

Disorders characterized by impulsivity include disorders of impulse control (intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, kleptomania, pathological gambling and trichotillomania), paraphilias, sexual impulsions and sexual addictions and impulsive aggression personality disorders (borderline, antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders). Impulsivity has a substantial impact on both individuals and society. Impulse control disorders may be conceptualized as a subset of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. In this article, we examine the genetic and neurobiological aetiology of these disorders and possible treatment options. The link between serotonergic dysfunction and the pathophysiology of impulsivity is discussed, and studies that examine the efficacy of various selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other alternatives in the treatment of impulsive disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addictions and borderline personality disorder are presented.

Tools & Resources: Impairment and Disability Web Sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from those expected by the individual's culture; these inflexible and pervasive patterns reflect issues with cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control, and lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, defines two specific personality disorders, in addition to an eleventh condition, Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities; of these, Paranoid Personality Disorder probably is most common in the legal arena. Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality. Such people may suffer from frantic efforts to avoid perceived abandonment, patterns of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, an identity disturbance, and impulsivity. Legal issues that involve individuals with cluster B personality disorders often involve determination of causation of the person's problems, assessment of claims of harassment, and assessment of the person's fitness for employment. Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality. Two case histories illustrate some of the complexities of assessing impairment in workers with personality disorders, including drug abuse, hospitalizations, and inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy.

Factors of Impulsivity and Cluster B Personality Dimensions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Lootens ◽  
Christopher D. Robertson ◽  
John T. Mitchell ◽  
Nathan A. Kimbrel ◽  
Natalie E. Hundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Abstract. The goal of the present investigation was to expand the literature on impulsivity and Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) by conceptualizing impulsivity in a multidimensional manner. Two separate undergraduate samples (n = 223; n = 204) completed measures of impulsivity and Cluster B dimensions. Impulsivity was indeed predictive of Cluster B dimensions and, importantly, each PD scale exhibited a unique impulsivity profile. Findings for borderline PD scores were highly consistent across samples and strongly and positively associated with urgency and lack of perseverance, as expected. Findings for the other PD dimensions also exhibited a fair amount of consistency. Implications of these findings for diagnostic classification and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Biofilms and Wounds: An Identification Algorithm and Potential Treatment Options

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Percival ◽  
Claudia Vuotto ◽  
Gianfranco Donelli ◽  
Benjamin A. Lipsky
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Potential Treatment

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of psychotherapy for cluster B personality disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djøra I. Soeteman ◽  
Roel Verheul ◽  
Jos Delimon ◽  
Anke M. M. A. Meerman ◽  
Ellen van den Eijnden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Payer Perspective ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundRecommendations on current clinical guidelines are informed by limited economic evidence.AimsA formal economic evaluation of three modalities of psychotherapy for patients with cluster B personality disorders.MethodA probabilistic decision-analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of out-patient, day hospital and in-patient psychotherapy over 5 years in terms of cost per recovered patient-year and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Analyses were conducted from both societal and payer perspectives.ResultsFrom the societal perspective, the most cost-effective choice switched from out-patient to day hospital psychotherapy at a threshold of €12 274 per recovered patient-year; and from day hospital to in-patient psychotherapy at €113 298. In terms of cost per QALY, the optimal strategy changed at €56 325 and €286 493 per QALY respectively. From the payer perspective, the switch points were at €9895 and €155 797 per recovered patient-year, and €43 427 and €561 188 per QALY.ConclusionsOut-patient psychotherapy and day hospital psychotherapy are the optimal treatments for patients with cluster B personality disorders in terms of cost per recovered patient-year and cost per QALY.

Emotion Modulation in Psychiatric Patients Through Music

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebhardt ◽  
Markus Kunkel ◽  
Richard von Georgi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Cognitive Problem ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Degree Of Severity

This study explores differences in the use of music in everyday life among diagnostic groups of a psychiatric population (n = 180) in reference to a group of healthy subjects (n = 430). The results indicate that patients with mental disorders use music more for emotion modulation than healthy controls. In particular, patients with substance abuse and those with personality disorders used music mainly for cognitive problem solving and the reduction of negative activation, whereas patients with substance abuse in addition used music not often to stimulate themselves positively. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders more often applied music for relaxation than the subjects of the reference group. Furthermore, the degree of severity of the psychiatric disorder correlated with the increased use of music for emotion modulation, i.e., for relaxation and cognitive problem solving. Thus, the results demonstrate an increased use of music for emotion modulation in patients with mental disorders in association with the severity of the disorder.

Current and potential treatment options for invasiveCandidainfections

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 799-812
Author(s):  
A. Pyrpasopoulou ◽  
E. Iosifidis ◽  
E. Roilides
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Potential Treatment
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