Grammatical Encoding

2007 ◽  
pp. 452-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Ferreira ◽  
L. Robert Slevc
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Grammatical Encoding ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

This article describes the state of the field since the most recent prominent reviews of grammatical encoding were published about a dozen years ago. It discusses a consensus view of the general architecture of grammatical encoding. This consensus holds that grammatical encoding consists of two component sets of sub-processes, one which deals with content and another which deals with structure. Each set of sub-processes proceeds through two phases or stages, the first involving selection and the second involving retrieval. The article also examines the “incrementality” or “scope” of grammatical encoding, as well as the factors that influence syntactic choice. Finally, it looks forward to emerging debates in the field that are likely to receive increased attention in the coming years, largely due to the confluence of their central questions with other prominent and topical issues in cognitive science. These debates concern the relationship between grammatical encoding and eye movements, working memory, language disorders, and dialogue.

Grammatical Encoding

2018 ◽  
pp. 431-458
Author(s):  
Victor S. Ferreira ◽  
Adam Morgan ◽  
L. Robert Slevc
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Encoding ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
Production Effects ◽  
Constituent Ordering ◽  
The Way

Grammatical encoding has the task of selecting and retrieving the syntactic and lexical forms that can convey non-linguistic thoughts, and then determining the morphological forms and their constituent ordering in preparation for their phonological spell-out and eventual externalization. This chapter begins by broadly describing a consensus view of the general architecture of grammatical encoding. It then describes ongoing debates that operate within (or question aspects of) this consensus view, including about the content and structure and selection-then-retrieval character of grammatical encoding; the incrementality or scope of grammatical encoding; the factors that influence syntactic choice; the rational or optimal nature of production; effects of ongoing learning; and production in dialogue. It closes on a constructive note, highlighting fundamental insights that we have gained as a field along the way.

scholarly journals Interference between smooth pursuit and color working memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulin Yue ◽  
Zhenlan Jin ◽  
Chenggui Fan ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
The Relationship

Spatial working memory (WM) and spatial attention are closely related, but the relationship between non-spatial WM and spatial attention still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between color WM and smooth pursuit eye movements. A modified delayed-match-to-sample paradigm (DMS) was applied with 2 or 4 items presented in each visual field. Subjects memorized the colors of items in the cued visual field and smoothly moved eyes towards or away from memorized items during retention interval despite that the colored items were no longer visible. The WM performance decreased with higher load in general. More importantly, the WM performance was better when subjects pursued towards rather than away from the cued visual field. Meanwhile, the pursuit gain decreased with higher load and demonstrated a higher result when pursuing away from the cued visual field. These results indicated that spatial attention, guiding attention to the memorized items, benefits color WM. Therefore, we propose that a competition for attention resources exists between color WM and smooth pursuit eye movements.

The visual arrays task…visual storage capacity or attention control?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Martin ◽  
Jason S. Tsukahara ◽  
Christopher Draheim ◽  
Zach Shipstead ◽  
Cody Mashburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Visual Storage ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
The Relationship

**The uploaded manuscript is still in preparation** In this study, we tested the relationship between visual arrays tasks and working memory capacity and attention control. Specifically, we tested whether task design (selection or non-selection demands) impacted the relationship between visual arrays measures and constructs of working memory capacity and attention control. Using analyses from 4 independent data sets we showed that the degree to which visual arrays measures rely on selection influences the degree to which they reflect domain-general attention control.

Speech Acts in Discourse Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craige Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Grammatical Mood ◽  
The Relationship

This essay sketches an approach to speech acts in which mood does not semantically determine illocutionary force. The conventional content of mood determines the semantic type of the clause in which it occurs, and, given the nature of discourse, that type most naturally lends itself to a particular type of speech act, i.e. one of the three basic types of language game moves—making an assertion (declarative), posing a question (interrogative), or proposing to one’s addressee(s) the adoption of a goal (imperative). There is relative consensus about the semantics of two of these, the declarative and interrogative; and this consensus view is entirely compatible with the present proposal about the relationship between the semantics and pragmatics of grammatical mood. Hence, the proposal is illustrated with the more controversial imperative.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Scholarly Contribution ◽  
Anglophone World ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter contextualizes the philological study of language during the nineteenth century as a branch of the evolutionary sciences. It sketches in outline the two phases of poetic Anglo-Saxonism for which the rest of the book will subsequently argue in more detail. Moreover, the relationship between Anglo-Saxonism and nineteenth-century medievalism more generally is articulated, and historical analogies are drawn between nineteenth-century Anglo-Saxonism and more recent political events in the Anglophone world. Finally, the scholarly contribution of Fossil Poetry itself is contextualized within English Studies; it is argued that ‘reception’ is one of the primary objects of Anglo-Saxon or Old English studies, and not merely a secondary object of that field’s study.

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