Interview with Jürgen Habermas

2018 ◽  
pp. 870-882
Author(s):  
Jürgen Habermas
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Process ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

This interview with Jürgen Habermas covers a number of crucial and hotly debated topics in deliberative democracy—such as the role of the ideal speech situation, the role of (rational) consensus, and the possibility of deliberation in the strategic realm of politics and in deeply divided societies. In addition, it sets outs his assessment of current developments in deliberative theory—such as the contribution of narratives, emotions and rhetorics to the deliberative process and the role of self-interest and bargaining in deliberation. Jürgen Habermas presents an integrative and optimistic vision of the deliberative program, stressing the importance of a systemic and long-term approach where the democratic process “as a whole is filtered through deliberation”.

scholarly journals The Persuasiveness of a Message and the Problem of Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Rafał Leśniczak
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Silvio Berlusconi ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

The author analyses several selected speeches of Italian politicians: the founder of the Forza Italia party, Silvio Berlusconi; the founder and leader of the Five Stars Movement, Beppe Grillo; and the current Prime Minister of Italy, Matteo Renzi. The study makes it possible to evaluate whether the conditions for the ideale Sprechsituation (the ideal speech situation) of Jürgen Habermas are fulfilled in analysing the public discourse. Particular attention will be given to the relationship between the persuasiveness of the communication and the problem of legitimacy.

Communication Breakdown or Ideal Speech Situation: the problem of nurse advocacy

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W Martin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Speech Situation

The issue of advocacy has dominated discussion of the ethical dilemmas facing nurses. However, despite this, nurses seem to be no further towards a solution of how they can be effective advocates for patients without compromising their working identity or facing conflicts of loyalty. This article considers some of the problems around advocacy and, by the use of critical incidents written by nurses involved in a diploma module, attempts to highlight where the problem could lie. A communications model is outlined, using a theoretical framework taken from the work of Jürgen Habermas, and applied to nursing practice. Finally, two examples are given from the research, which illustrate how the model could be used, highlighting the problems and pitfalls that still have to be overcome. The conclusion is a positive one, in that it suggests that advocacy is possible if nurses re-examine their practice in the light of the model proposed.

Meritocracy and its Enemies: Is There an Alternative to the “Tyranny of the Merit”?

2021 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Technical Competencies ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Ideal

The article examines  the idea of meritocracy, now increasingly criticized. It is shown that the relevance of the discourse on meritocracy is due to the objectively increased role of education and various creative and technical talents in the context of rapid technological development. At the same time, critics rightly point out that meritocracy today has become largely a myth that plutocrats turn to justify their privileges, status and wealth. The very idea of a meritocracy that focuses exclusively on the technical competencies and abilities demanded by the neoliberal economy is also criticized. Many authors talk about the need to fairly reward and respect low-skilled workers, who often (especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic) bring more public benefit than highly educated financiers or bankers. Nevertheless, the article shows that this criticism is a hidden apology for meritocracy. In this case, critics justify deeper inequalities associated with long-term prospects and self-realization. It leads to cementing the “secondary” status of workers of the “hand” and “heart”, whose fate in the context of automation and the development of artificial intelligence technologies may turn out to be unenviable. In the author's opinion, the only alternative to this state of affairs is the rejection of meritocracy as a normative concept. It should be recognized as an inevitable evil associated with the imperfection of social institutions and, in part, human nature. Accordingly, the author contrasts the meritocratic pursuit of status and power with the ideal of universal striving for the maximum possible and, what is remarkable, all-round development and practical application of the talents of all without exception.

Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate

1998 ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Es
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Discourse Ethic ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Moral Debate ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

As a form of moral debate, discourse ethic, according to Habermas, is based on regulated discussion. Participating moral agents share a common understanding in the ideal speech situation. Following procedures they try to reach consensus on questions of justice and rights. Critics of discourse ethic point to the bias of Western assumptions regarding agents and methods, the danger of elitism, and the optimism and the pacifism that run through the theory. After modification, Habermas distinguishes two types of discourse: the discourse of justification and the discourse of application. The second is inferior to the first. In the second, there is room for negotiating. There is another way of looking at negotiation, one that takes negotiating seriously as an important category of human behavior. This category shows an interesting overlap with moral behavior. Distinguishing four concepts of negotiating and using reciprocity and trust as the moral minimum, Negotiating Ethics is presented as a two level moral debate, close to Habermas but morally different in essential aspects.

So No One Dies Alone: A Study of Hospice Volunteering with Rural Seniors

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Mckee ◽  
Mary Lou Kelley ◽  
Manal Guirguis-Younger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Hospice Volunteers ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Volunteer Programs ◽  
The Ideal

This paper summarizes the results of a qualitative study of hospice volunteering in the rural communities of northwestern Ontario. In this region, there are 13 independent and active hospice volunteer programs serving communities ranging in population from 1,000 to 15,000. The 13 volunteer coordinators in these communities participated in a phone interview in which they described the role of hospice volunteers in their community and the kinds of clients they serve. The results indicate that the hospice volunteers in this rural region spend a large part of their time visiting medically frail and lonely seniors who are at risk of dying alone or without adequate care and companionship at the end of life. Long-term visiting to build relationships of trust and genuine caring are considered the ideal in these communities. Implications for end-of-life care for rural seniors are discussed.

Teaching and Assessing Oral Skills as Democratic Practice

Politics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Assessment Feedback ◽  
A Value ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Oral Skills ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

Teaching and assessing oral skills is important, but relatively novel in the discipline of Political Studies; this article defends the practice, and outlines the ‘nuts and bolts’ of one methodology for doing it. Preliminary explanation in lectures, practice in seminars, assessment, feedback and self-assessment are all covered and the paperwork illustrated. The methodology is based in part on Habermas's theory of ‘communicative competence’ and the ‘ideal speech situation’; it therefore implies and imparts the values of respect, equality, democracy and consensus. It is suggested that a value-free approach to the teaching of oral skills is impossible.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrolides in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna de Campos Guimarães e Figueiredo ◽  
Cássio da Cunha Ibiapina
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis ◽  
Sputum Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Action ◽  
Key Words Macrolides ◽  
The Ideal

Objective. The present study aims at reviewing the main publications on the use of macrolides as immunomodulators in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Source of Data. The Medline database was our source of data for this research carried out until June 2011, using the key words: macrolides and bronchiectasis, while searching for original articles and reviews.Summary of Data. Seven clinical studies that evaluated the action of the macrolides in patients with bronchiectasis were found. There was the sputum volume, reduction in pulmonary exacerbation frequency, and in the use of antimicrobial treatment, in addition to pulmonary function improvement.Conclusions. Anti-inflammatory action and immunomodulatory effects can be attributed to macrolides when administered in low doses and on the long term. This use has been well established both in diffuse panbronchiolitis and in cystic fibrosis. Evidence indicates possible benefits in bronchiectasis. Future studies are needed, though, to establish the ideal dose and treatment duration and to understand the implications in the generation of microbial resistance.

scholarly journals Talking about the likelihood of risks: an agent-based simulation of discussion processes in risk workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Harten ◽  
Matthias Meyer ◽  
Lucia Bellora-Bienengräber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Group Characteristics ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose This paper aims to explore drivers of the effectiveness of risk assessments in risk workshops. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an agent-based model to simulate risk assessments in risk workshops. Combining the notions of transactive memory and the ideal speech situation, this study establishes a risk assessment benchmark and then investigates real-world deviations from this benchmark. Specifically, this study models limits to information transfer, incomplete discussions and potentially detrimental group characteristics, as well as interaction patterns. Findings First, limits to information transfer among workshop participants can prevent a correct consensus. Second, increasing the required number of stable discussion rounds before an assessment improves the correct assessment of high but not low likelihood risks. Third, while theoretically advantageous group characteristics are associated with the highest assessment correctness for all risks, theoretically detrimental group characteristics are associated with the highest assessment correctness for high likelihood risks. Fourth, prioritizing participants who are particularly concerned about the risk leads to the highest level of correctness. Originality/value This study shows that by increasing the duration of simulated risk workshops, the assessments change – as a rule – from underestimating to overestimating risks, unraveling a trade-off for risk workshop facilitators. Methodologically, this approach overcomes limitations of prior research, specifically the lack of an assessment and process benchmark, the inability to disentangle multiple effects and the difficulty of capturing individual cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Ayn Rand’s Objectivist Ethics Applied to Video Game Business

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tuomas Harviainen ◽  
Janne Paavilainen ◽  
Elina Koskinen
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Game Development ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Game Developers

AbstractThis article analyzes the business ethics of digital games, using Ayn Rand’s philosophy of Objectivism. It identifies different types of monetization options as virtuous or nonvirtuous, based on Rand’s views on rational self-interest. It divides the options into ethical Mover and unethical Looter designs, presents those logics in relation to an illustrative case example, Zynga, and then discusses a view on the role of players in relation to game monetization designs. Through our analysis of monetization options in the context of Objectivist ethics, the article contributes to discussions on game revenue ethics. It also expands the still understudied area of applying Rand’s ethics to business, in the context of a new sector, game development, and business. This research enables ethicists to apply a wider-than-before perspective on virtue ethics to online business, and helps game developers act in a virtuous manner, which provides them with a long-term business advantage.

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