Conscious Thought

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-163
Author(s):  
Tim Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Thought ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
The Relationship

Conscious thought has been neglected, but it has not been entirely overlooked. Discussion of the topic has focused on three sets of questions. The first set of questions focuses on the kinds of states (events, episodes) that qualify as forms of conscious thought. What might a taxonomy of conscious thought look like? A second set of questions concerns the kind(s) of consciousness that characterizes thought. Are thoughts conscious in the same fundamental way that other mental phenomena are, or is ‘cognitive consciousness’—that is, the consciousness associated with thought—sui generis? A third set of questions concerns the relationship between consciousness and thought. Is consciousness essential to thought, or is it an accidental and contingent feature of thought—a feature that some thoughts possess but others lack? This chapter provides an opinionated point of entry into these and other questions.

The Functional Neuroanatomy of Thematic Role and Locative Relational Knowledge

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1542-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise H. Wu ◽  
Sara Waller ◽  
Anjan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Relational Knowledge ◽  
Relational Concepts ◽  
The Relationship

Lexical-semantic investigations in cognitive neuroscience have focused on conceptual knowledge of concrete objects. By contrast, relational concepts have been largely ignored. We examined thematic role and locative knowledge in 14 left-hemisphere-damage patients. Relational concepts shift cognitive focus away from the object to the relationship between objects, calling into question the relevance of traditional sensory-functional accounts of semantics. If extraction of a relational structure is the critical cognitive process common to both thematic and locative knowledge, then damage to neural structures involved in such an extraction would impair both kinds of knowledge. If the nature of the relationship itself is critical, then functional neuroanatomical dissociations should occur. Using a new lesion analysis method, we found that damage to the lateral temporal cortex produced deficits in thematic role knowledge and damage to inferior fronto-parietal regions produced deficits in locative knowledge. In addition, we found that conceptual knowledge of thematic roles dissociates from its mapping onto language. These relational knowledge deficits were not accounted for by deficits in processing nouns or verbs or by a general deficit in making inferences. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that manners of visual motion serve as a point of entry for thematic role knowledge and networks dedicated to eye gaze, whereas reaching and grasping serve as a point of entry for locative knowledge. Intermediary convergence zones that are topographically guided by these sensory-motor points of entry play a critical role in the semantics of relational concepts.

Global Cityscapes of Modernity and Post Modernity: Vienna and Berlin 1900-2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The focus of this volume is broad, both historically and topically.Berlin and Vienna, modernity and postmodernity, the twentieth centuryand two incisive Wenden of a tumultuous millennium offer anopportunity to examine central issues in the relationship amongEuropean culture, history, and politics. Cities provide a rich locationto examine expressions of creativity, growth, and change over thecourse of one hundred years. As a transit point of entry and exit, thecity becomes a site for exchange and cross-fertilization of peoples,ideas, and commodities. Cities are nodes in a network whose spokesextend beyond their metropolitan borders and bring intellectual andphysical nourishment to surrounding areas. This European centurywill be known for its great cities and the production of culturalobjects that spread around the globe. Less dramatically, neverthelesssignificant for the transfer of knowledge, academic figures will alsobe remembered for the dissemination of these intellectual traditionsto generations of students who were fortunate to cross their paths.Hinrich C. Seeba, professor of German at the University of California,Berkeley, from 1967 to the present, is one such person.

scholarly journals Cross Border Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases (HIV & TB): A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and Benin Republic, 1999-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Ezeabasili I.E.
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Benin Republic ◽  
Improve Health

Cross border migration is the movement of people across their national boundaries, it is a phenomenon that cuts across tribes, religions, and status, it is a universal phenomenon, the quest for individuals to meet their basic requirements which will enable them to live a life free from fear and wants, engenders these phenomena. This paper examines the relationship between cross-border migration and the spread of infectious diseases: HIV and Tuberculosis in Nigeria and the Benin Republic. This study utilized a secondary method of data collection. Classical migration theory was the theoretical framework on which the study was anchored. Using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, as a method of data analysis, the findings revealed that cross-border migration contributed to HIV transmission among women in Nigeria and the Benin Republic; and Tuberculosis incidence in the Benin Republic. This study concludes that cross-border migration plays an essential role in the spread of HIV in women in Nigeria and Benin Republic respectively; and Tuberculosis in the Benin Republic. Based on the findings the study recommends; that governments of both Nigeria and Benin Republic should establish mechanisms for the screening of migrants and returnees at the point of entry to know their health status and improve health facilities by; providing rapid testing equipment, mobile laboratories, and clinics, formulate policies that will address the rights of migrants, provide health workers with adequate protective machines.

scholarly journals "Spiritually seeking the Maya"

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. e021010
Author(s):  
Quetzil E. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
New Age ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article is a theoretical essay that offers an approach to the study of new age spiritual seeking in general and to the study of New Age Maya spiritualism in particular. The theoretical framework of “spiritual seeking” and “cultic milieu” has been productive, especially regarding the relationship between emergent spiritual technologies of subjectivity, forms of modernity, and capitalist logics of consumerism. This article, however, identifies shortcomings to this research paradigm: It does not provide either the analytical focus or conceptual tools for understanding seeking spirituality through the alterity of other cultures and communities marked by racial-ethnic difference. This article explains the contradictory and confusing use of Maya and Mayan as a point of entry to illustrate the need to attend to transcultural processes and the politics of transculturation. By drawing from established work in the sociology of religion on cult typologies, I offer criteria by which to create an analytical ideal types framework that can both begin to address questions of politics, transcultural exchange, and seeking/community dynamics as well as allow for productive comparison and contrast of different emergent spiritualities and religiosities in the Americas and elsewhere. The first steps toward developing this ideal-types framework is presented by thinking through issues in establishing new age Maya spiritual seeking as objects of study.

scholarly journals Imágenes paceñas: El mago de la ciudad paceña moderna

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 181-205
Author(s):  
Tara Daly ◽  
Raquel Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Cultural Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In this essay we disentangle what Jaime Saenz conceives of as the “magic” of La Paz as elaborated in Imágenes paceñas. We analyze magic from three complementary angles. First, we focus on the relationship between magic and unease. This take on magic is associated in the text, in an unexplicit and tangential way, with non-Western culture; that is, the Aymara indigenous. Our second point of entry intersects the first. The version of La Paz that Saenz depicts is moved by unfamiliar cultural forces. As a consequence, it is a product of, and produces, a distinct form of inhabiting characterized by a temporality that troubles that of modernity; this, too, results in a sense of magic. Finally, in our third approach to magic, we analyze the tensions derived from the visual and written registers Saenz combines in this text. In the montage forged between text and photography, writing is employed to maintain somewhat hidden, and for that reason alive, the magical aspects of the city. And so, the author is in part a magician: he reveals something only to distract, all in the name of protecting the very conditions that enable his art.  

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

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