Pastoralism, Ethnicity, and Subnational Conflict Resolution in the Middle Belt

2018 ◽  
pp. 678-696
Author(s):  
Laura Thaut Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Subnational Conflict

This chapter explores the problem of rising pastoralist–farmer and ethnic (religious and tribal) violence in the pluralistic Middle Belt region of Nigeria over the past thirty to forty years. In particular, it highlights the underlying issues and conflicts associated with these different categories of communal intergroup violence, the human and material costs of such conflict, and the broader implications for the Nigerian state. The federal government, states, local governments. and communities have not been passive in addressing the considerable challenges associated with preventing and resolving such conflicts. It is clear, however, that they face significant hurdles in resolving the underlying grievances and drivers of conflict, and their efforts have not always furthered the cause of conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Greater attention to patterns of inclusion and exclusion and to the allocation of rights and resources will be necessary, particularly at the state and local government levels, to create a more stable and peaceful Middle Belt.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Revival of Fiscal Activism in the 2000s

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
Government Purchases ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Stimulus Package

An empirical review of the three fiscal stimulus packages of the 2000s shows that they had little if any direct impact on consumption or government purchases. Households largely saved the transfers and tax rebates. The federal government only increased purchases by a small amount. State and local governments saved their stimulus grants and shifted spending away from purchases to transfers. Counterfactual simulations show that the stimulus-induced decrease in state and local government purchases was larger than the increase in federal purchases. Simulations also show that a larger stimulus package with the same design as the 2009 stimulus would not have increased government purchases or consumption by a larger amount. These results raise doubts about the efficacy of such packages adding weight to similar assessments reached more than thirty years ago. (JEL E21, E23, E32, E62, H50)

Combating Problems in Teaching State and Local Government

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Mary H. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
The State ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Science Instructors

Because many political science instructors come from another region or state; they feel insufficiently informed in teaching about the state and local government wherein they presently reside. Consequently, instructors generalize about these governments. Yet in many public universities and community colleges, students find the politics in their area pertinent and care less for comparative analysis. In truth, the students probably have a valid point, since the majority will reside in the state where they are attending college.

Surveys of State Administrative Organization: Iowa and Wyoming

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
Kirk H. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Government Research ◽  
State And Local

Largely in response to the urgings of the newly elected Democratic governor of Iowa, Clyde L. Herring, the forty-fifth general assembly early in its session passed the necessary legislation to make possible a survey of state and local government in Iowa by the Brookings Institute for Government Research. The survey was begun early in February, 1933; and by the end of July, it was possible to file the report with the interim committee of the legislature which had the matter in hand. This report was published by the state in January, 1934, as a paper-covered volume of 650 closely printed pages.

scholarly journals Valsts un pašvaldības kompetence sabiedriskās kārtības nodrošināšanā publiskos pasākumos

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Kristīne Kuzņecova
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
State And Local

Arvien aktuālāki kļūst jautājumi par valsts un pašvaldības institūciju kompetenci sabiedriskās kārtības un drošības garantēšanā publisku pasākumu laikā. Tiesību aizsardzības iestādēm viens no svarīgākajiem uzdevumiem ir sabiedriskās kārtības un drošības garantēšana šo pasākumu norises vietās. Lai arī būtiska loma tās nodrošināšanā ir atvēlēta pašvaldību institūcijām (pašvaldības policija šobrīd ir viens no nozīmīgākajiem Valsts policijas sadarbības partneriem policijas funkciju pildīšanā), praksē novērojamas vairākas problēmas. Pirmkārt, vai valsts un pašvaldības policijas iestādēm ir pietiekami materiāltehniskie un cilvēkresursi, lai garantētu sabiedrisko kārtību liela mēroga (arī paaugstināta riska) publiskos pasākumos? Otrkārt, vai šo iestāžu darbinieki publisku pasākumu laikā izmanto samērīgus tiesiskos līdzekļus, lai vērstos pret sabiedriskās kārtības pārkāpējiem? Issues affecting the state and local government institution competence in public order and security maintaining in public events is becoming increasingly crucial. One of the most important tasks of the law enforcement agencies is guaranteeing public order and security. Although the crucial role in guaranteeing is devoted to local government bodies, where municipal police institute is currently one of the most important partners of the State Police in police powers provision, in practice are turning out a number of problems. First, whether the state and municipal police authorities have sufficient logistical and human resources to ensure public order in large-scale (and sensitive) public events. Second, whether the enforcement officers during public events use proportionate legal means to crack down violators of public order.

Ocena skutków regulacji zawartych w poselskim projekcie ustawy o podatku od niektórych usług cyfrowych i Funduszu Technologii Cyfrowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
Jacek Kulicki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

In the opinion of the author, doubts are raised as to the manner of determining the scope of the tax and the tax base by relating these elements of the tax to the so-called significant digital presence of the digital sector enterprise in the territory of Poland. The amount of the tax rate (7%) also raises doubts. The introduction of a tax on certain digital services may also be associated with a decrease in income tax revenues of the state and local government budgets.

Inter-Governmental Relations in the Provision of Local E-Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 1120-1124
Author(s):  
R. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Political Commentary ◽  
Commonwealth Government ◽  
State And Local

Australia is a nation of 20 million citizens occupying approximately the same land mass as the continental U.S. More than 80% of the population lives in the state capitals where the majority of state and federal government offices and employees are based. The heavily populated areas on the Eastern seaboard, including all of the six state capitals have advanced ICT capability and infrastructure and Australians readily adopt new technologies. However, there is recognition of a digital divide which corresponds with the “great dividing” mountain range separating the sparsely populated arid interior from the populated coastal regions (Trebeck, 2000). A common theme in political commentary is that Australians are “over-governed” with three levels of government, federal, state, and local. Many of the citizens living in isolated regions would say “over-governed” and “underserviced.” Most of the state and local governments, “… have experienced difficulties in managing the relative dis-economies of scale associated with their small and often scattered populations.” Rural and isolated regions are the first to suffer cutbacks in government services in periods of economic stringency. (O’Faircheallaigh, Wanna, & Weller, 1999, p. 98). Australia has, in addition to the Commonwealth government in Canberra, two territory governments, six state governments, and about 700 local governments. All three levels of government, federal, state, and local, have employed ICTs to address the “tyranny of distance” (Blainey, 1967), a term modified and used for nearly 40 years to describe the isolation and disadvantage experienced by residents in remote and regional Australia. While the three levels of Australian governments have been working co-operatively since federation in 1901 with the federal government progressively increasing its power over that time, their agencies and departments generally maintain high levels of separation; the Queensland Government Agent Program is the exception.

Continuity of Operations planning: Meeting the standard of care

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Robin J. Clark, JD ◽  
Megan H. Timmins, JD
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Continuity Of Operations ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

Recent disasters have increased the public’s awareness of the lack of emergency preparedness of state and local governments. The attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 highlighted failures in government agency coordination, while the anthrax attacks that followed and the more recent natural disasters of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 have deepened concerns that our government is unprepared for emergencies. Partially in response to the public’s concern, the federal government has encouraged Continuity of Operations (COOP) planning at the federal, state, and local government levels.Public attention, government engagement, and the promulgation of federal directives and guidance are leading to an increase in the standard of care for all public sector planning efforts, thus creating potential liabilities in the areas of COOP planning, testing, training, and maintenance. At this point, COOP planning is becoming the norm for state and local government agencies, and while the process of COOP planning may itself expose agencies to certain liabilities, there is also an increase in the potential liability for agencies that do not undertake COOP planning efforts. Further, it appears that the potential liability of agencies that do not engage in COOP planning far exceeds any liabilities incurred through the planning process.

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