Family Benefits and Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 640-660
Author(s):  
Naomi Finch ◽  
Jonathan Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Families With Children

This chapter examines welfare-state support for families with children in the context of low fertility, increasing rates of childlessness, and a general move away from the breadwinner model of the family. Welfare-state spending on families is explored, and, although most countries, with few exceptions, spend more on older people, spending on children varies between countries, as does spending to encourage mothers into employment. Adopting the model family method to compare the package of policies to support families with children at different earning levels, the chapter shows varying results of generosity, depending on whether we compare low or average earners. The chapter also provides evidence that family policies matter for outcomes—with stronger spending on services increasing both fertility and maternal employment, spending on both services and benefits increasing child well-being, and generosity of transfers lowering child poverty rates.

Early detection of social neglect in economically disadvantaged families as a direction of family policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Tatyana Anatolievna Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

One of the directions of social policy is to improve the situation of children and families with children. The main objectives of family policy are related to improving the well-being of the family. In this regard, it becomes obvious that there is a need to develop a system of measures for early identification of families in crisis.

Specification and Speculation Concerning the Politics of Workplace Family Policies

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN ALDOUS
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Corporate America ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The U.S

The article begins with a discussion of the family changes related to shifts in the composition of the labor force that have led to a concern about family benefits in the workplace. It then covers the reasons for their general absence in the U.S. An analysis follows of the unrecognized consequences of the attention given to the comparatively few instances of family benefits in corporate America. The final section of the article concerns the varying judgments of the authors of the articles in this special issue on the efficacy of existing workplace family policies for businesses and their employees and their families.

scholarly journals Fathers' Involvement in the Family, Fertility, and Maternal Employment: Evidence From Central and Eastern Europe

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Fanelli ◽  
Paola Profeta
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Second Child ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract For a sample of Central and Eastern European countries, characterized by historically high female labor force participation and currently low fertility rates, we analyze whether fathers' increased involvement in the family (housework and childcare) has the potential of increasing both fertility and maternal employment. Using two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey, we show that more paternal involvement in the family increases the likelihood that the mother will have a second child and work full-time. Men's fertility and work decisions are instead unrelated to mothers' housework and childcare. We also show that fathers' involvement in housework plays a more important role than involvement in childcare. The role of fathers' involvement in housework is confirmed when we consider women who initially wanted or intended to have a child, whose partner also wanted a child, or who intended to continue working.

PROJECT ACTIVITY AS A FORM OF REGIONAL SUPPORT OF THE FAMILY, MOTHERHOOD AND CHILDHOOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
N.V. Zakharkina ◽  
I.V. Iljin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Project Activity ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Health And Well Being

Social protection of motherhood and childhood is a subject of special attention of the state as through the care about health and well-being of women and children the country’s healthy pop-ulation increase is guaranteed. Project activity plays special role in effective social support of families with children at the country level in general and at the level of its separate regions. In the article the authors study project initiatives on the family, motherhood and childhood regional support on the example of Lipetsk region.

scholarly journals Intergenerational solidarity and the family–welfare state balance

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Olav Daatland ◽  
Ariela Lowenstein
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
The Family

Children of the Welfare State: Individuals with Entitlements, or Hidden in the Family?

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE SKEVIK
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Families With Children

‘Feminist’ social policy has done an important job in developing new concepts for studying welfare state variation. But just like ‘mainstream’ social policy, gender-sensitive analyses have their blind spots. This article argues that differences in policies towards children remain an understudied area, and that developing concepts for varying policy approaches to children can increase our understanding of social political differences. Two countries – the UK and Norway – are juxtaposed in the empirical analysis, which centres on policies towards children living with one parent and the development of universal child benefits. The empirical discussion suggests that the UK traditionally has been closer to an ‘organic’ view of the family, while Norway has been closer to an ‘individual’ view. Two dimensions are highlighted: the separation of parenting and partnering for the purposes of social benefits, and the extent to which the ‘worthiness’ of the parents determine transfers to children. Both these dimensions have the potential to influence strongly distribution between families with children, as well as the legitimacy of the benefits. They should therefore be of crucial importance in comparative studies of family policy and social policy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Major Events on the Lives of Family Caregivers of Children with Disabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. McDonald ◽  
Graciela Couchonnal ◽  
Theresa Early
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Children's Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
The Impact

The authors examine the family caregiving experience among families with children with severe emotional disabilities from a perspective that recognizes the importance of the family's views and feelings. This viewpoint anticipates the occurrence of both positive and negative experiences and seeks to illuminate the caregiving process from the perspective of outcomes achieved. Family caregivers of 164 children with serious emotional disorders were asked to identify major pleasant and stressful events that had occurred in the past 12 months. The most frequently described pleasant events related to children's behavior, school activities, and interactions with professionals and friends. Frequently described problem areas included children's behavior, professionals/services, and difficulty with school. The impact of these pleasant and stressful events was examined with respect to caregivers' perceived well-being: (1) overall stress, (2) the ability to fulfill responsibilities, and (3) pleasure experienced in various life domains. Implications of the study findings for supporting family caregivers in their roles are discussed.

scholarly journals Targeting Families' Assistance: Evaluating Family and Employment Tax Credits in New Zealand's Tax-Benefit System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Patrick John Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Family Assistance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Benefit System

<p>In 2004 the Labour-led government announced a series of tax-benefit reforms (the Working for Families reforms) that will account for an estimated $1.17 billion per-annum of new spending when fully implemented by 1 April 2007. These reforms aim to both reduce rates of child poverty and improve financial incentives for paid work at low wages, particularly for caregivers. Changes to family and employment tax credits (the Family Assistance programmes) are central to these reforms. This study reviews methods for measuring the effectiveness of family and employment tax credits, evaluates the Working for Families reforms, and considers possible improvements to Working for Families. Questions that this study considers are: What roles should family and employment tax credits play in tax-benefit systems? How should family and employment tax credits be designed? Should eligibility for assistance reflect work effort as opposed to family structure? What lessons do historical and comparative perspectives on Working for Families provide? Will New Zealand's Working for Families reforms achieve the optimal design and role of family and employment tax credits? What improvements, if any, could be made to the Working for Families reforms? This study concludes that the Working for Families reforms represent significant income redistribution towards families with children but little change will be made to the overall design of the Family Assistance programmes, some of which have remained largely unchanged since 1986. Working for Families does not fully address the need to reform the Family Assistance programmes in the light of important social and economic changes that have taken place over the last two decades, such as the breakdown of the breadwinner model of social arrangements and the liberalisation of the labour market. This study thus considers a number of improvements to Working for Families, ranging from simplifying the structure of the Family Assistance Tax Credits to a more radical redesign of these programmes. This study concludes that more clearly established policy priorities and a greater understanding of the relative effectiveness of different tax-benefit instruments are required if New Zealand is to develop a tax-benefit system that achieves a desired level of redistribution to families with children at least economic cost.</p>

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