Internal Mapping and Its Impact on Measures of Absolute and Relative Metacognitive Accuracy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Higham ◽  
Katarzyna Zawadzka ◽  
Maciej Hanczakowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Subjective Probabilities ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Evidence Mapping ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Subjective Evidence ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Metacognitive Accuracy

Research in decision making and metacognition has long investigated the calibration of subjective probabilities. To assess calibration, mean ratings on a percentage scale (e.g., subjective likelihood of recalling an item) are typically compared directly to performance percentages (e.g., actual likelihood of recall). Means that are similar versus discrepant are believed to indicate good versus poor calibration, respectively. This chapter argues that this process is incomplete: it examines only the mapping between the overt scale values and objective performance (mapping 2), while ignoring the process by which the overt scale values are first assigned to different levels of subjective evidence (mapping 1). The chapter demonstrates how ignoring mapping 1 can lead to conclusions about calibration that are misleading. It proposes a signal detection framework that not only provides a powerful method for analyzing calibration data, but also offers a variety of measures of relative metacognitive accuracy (resolution).

scholarly journals Challenges for Experience Feedback in Engineering Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Nerga˚rd ◽  
Tobias Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Active Dissemination ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper empirical finding from a study conducted at an aerospace company is compared to theory regarding Experience Feedback (EF), Lessons Learned (LL) and Decision Making (DM). The purpose with the study was to examine how EF within the organization was conducted and what problems and possibilities that was seen. A qualitative approach was taken and interviews and a workshop was conducted. The empirical findings show that EF exist on different levels within the organization but current feedback processes are currently leaning more towards archiving and storing than knowledge sharing and learning. Also passive dissemination approaches are mostly used whereas active dissemination within the correct context is needed The aim with this paper is to discuss issues and empirical findings that should be considered when creating work methods and systems that support learning by EF and LL dissemination.

scholarly journals Quorums enable optimal pooling of independent judgements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Marshall ◽  
Ralf H.J.M. Kurvers ◽  
Jens Krause ◽  
Max Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Majority-voting and the Condorcet Jury Theorem pervade thinking about collective decision-making. Thus, it is typically assumed that majority-voting is the best possible decision mechanism, and that scenarios exist where individually-weak decision-makers should not pool information. Condorcet and its applications implicitly assume that only one kind of error can be made, yet signal detection theory shows two kinds of errors exist, ‘false positives’ and ‘false negatives’. We apply signal detection theory to collective decision-making to show that majority voting is frequently sub-optimal, and can be optimally replaced by quorum decision-making. While quorums have been proposed to resolve within-group conflicts, or manage speed-accuracy trade-offs, our analysis applies to groups with aligned interests undertaking single-shot decisions. Our results help explain the ubiquity of quorum decision-making in nature, relate the use of sub- and super-majority quorums to decision ecology, and may inform the design of artificial decision-making systems.Impact StatementTheory typically assumes that majority voting is optimal; this is incorrect – majority voting is typically sub-optimal, and should be replaced by sub-majority or super-majority quorum voting. This helps explain the prevalence of quorum-sensing in even the simplest collective systems, such as bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Negocjowanie programu nauczania języka obcego z uczniami w Polsce

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Different Levels

This paper aims to explore the rationale of classroom negotiation - understood as a discussion between all participants in the teaching/learning process to decide on the organization of foreign language learning and teaching. It outlines relevant issues connected with the process syllabus and the benefits that can be expected from involving students in classroom decision making. The article presents results of research conducted in Polish schools among both students and teachers at different levels of education in order to see to what extent the foreign language syllabus is negotiated there.

Robustness of the a b Signal Detection Theory Model of Decision Making

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Bustamante ◽  
Brittany L. Anderson ◽  
Amy R. Thompson ◽  
James P. Bliss ◽  
Mark W. Scerbo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Extreme Responses

Bustamante, Fallon, and Bliss (2006) showed that the a b Signal Detection Theory (SDT) model was more parsimonious, generalizable, and applicable than the classical SDT model. Additionally, they demonstrated that both models provided statistically equivalent and uncorrelated measures of sensitivity and bias under ideal conditions. The purpose of this research was to show the robustness of the a b model for handling extreme responses. We conducted an empirical evaluation of operators' decision-making and two Monte Carlo simulations. Results from the empirical study showed that the a b model provided equivalent yet independent measures of decision-making accuracy and bias, whereas the classical model failed to provide independent measures in the presence of extreme responses. The Monte Carlo simulations showed a similar trend for the superiority of the a b model. Results from this research provide evidence to support the use of the a b model instead of the classical model.

An Approach of Decision-Making Support Based on Collaborative Agents for Unexpected Rush Orders Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
El Habib Nfaoui ◽  
Omar El Beqqali ◽  
Yacine Ouzrout ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouras
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Distributed Architecture ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Decision Making Support

Decisions at different levels of the supply chain can no longer be considered independently, since they may influence profitability throughout the supply chain. This paper focuses on the interest of multi-agent paradigm for the collaborative coordination in global distribution supply chain. Multi-agent computational environments are suitable for a broad class of coordination and negotiation issues involving multiple autonomous or semiautonomous problem solving contexts. An agent-based distributed architecture is proposed for better management of rush unexpected orders. This paper proposes a first architecture validated by a real and industrial case.

Sustainability of Smart Cities

2022 ◽  
pp. 180-193
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Services ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Short Review ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
Smart Governance ◽  
Different Levels

The issue of sustainability of smart cities is approached in this chapter from two different angles: dimensions sector-specific and city governance. Following a short review of smart city sectors, emphasis is placed on the concept of smart governance of cities. The concept of smart governance is reviewed especially regarding cooperation with city governments of other cities within the region or country and empowering citizens. Different levels are presented with focus on four main conditions for smart governance, namely participation in decision-making, public and social services, transparent governance, and political strategies and perspectives. The chapter presents sustainability of smart governance through a paradigm of sustainability as an effectual model based on sustainability, wellbeing, productivity, and resilience. Finally, the chapter addresses the success criteria of sustainable smart cities regarding different aspects, such open data, agility to new technologies, cross-sectoral harmonization, and careful policy, strategy, and program alignment.

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