Better Together

Author(s):  
James O. Pawelski ◽  
Louis Tay

Positive psychology is a science, yet its subject matter overlaps significantly with that of the humanities. Differing methods of inquiry could lead to an antagonistic relationship between positive psychology and the various disciplines in the humanities, but this chapter explores the value of collaborative relations between these domains. It begins by noting ways in which the humanities have influenced—and continue to influence—positive psychology, and goes on to advocate an extensive, robust, and formal collaboration between positive psychology and the humanities. Positive psychology stands to benefit from such a collaboration through access to a rich repository of information about human experience and the quest to understand and cultivate human flourishing, through conceptual analyses and more robust and nuanced constructs, and through a new domain of positive interventions. Two extended discussions demonstrate some of the benefits that can accrue to positive psychology through collaboration with the humanities. First, a careful philosophical analysis of the “positive” in positive psychology shows how the humanities can help deepen positive psychology’s conceptual roots. Second, the presentation of a conceptual model for operationalizing the well-being effects of the humanities shows how collaboration can open up significant new programs of scientific inquiry into the roles of philosophy, history, religion, literature, music, film, and visual and performance art for understanding, enjoying, and advancing human flourishing.

Author(s):  
Tim Lomas

Positive psychology—the scientific study of well-being—has made considerable strides in understanding its subject matter since emerging in the late 1990s. However, like mainstream psychology more broadly, it can be deemed relatively Western-centric, with its concepts and priorities influenced by ways of thinking and understanding that are prominent in Western cultures. Consequently, the field would benefit from greater cross-cultural awareness, engagement, and understanding. One such means of doing so is through the study of “untranslatable” words (i.e., those lacking an exact equivalent in another language, in this case English). This chapter reflects on the nature of untranslatable words, considers their significance to positive psychology (and psychology more broadly), and offers suggestions for why and how the field should engage with them.


Author(s):  
Nader Gholi Ghorchian ◽  
Shahrooz Farjad ◽  
Ali Taghipour Zahir

As higher education plays a pivotal role in the economic well-being of modern societies, universities today are faced with increasing pressure in order to improve their accountability and performance. They have to redesign the research structure to achieve the set objectives. The present survey aimed at studying the factors and related indicators that affect the effectiveness of the research structure of the universities. The sample included 274 faculty members who were selected through stratified random method at 8 branches of Islamic Azad University in Tehran province (Iran). Research questions were: a) What key Factors influence the Effectiveness of the universities’ research structure? and b) What conceptual model can be designed? Finally, in this study using a questionnaire and factor analysis technique, eight factors were identified and ranked which contribute towards the effectiveness of research structure in universities . Finally, a conceptual model has been proposed for the universities to strengthen their research structure.


2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Chih Huang ◽  
David Ahlstrom ◽  
Amber Yun-Ping Lee ◽  
Shu-Yuan Chen ◽  
Meng-Jung Hsieh

Purpose – Given the importance of high performance work systems (HPWS) with respect to firm competitive advantage, this paper holds that the contribution of HPWS toward the desired outcomes for organizations may depend significantly on employee job involvement. Underpinning the argument of happy workers being productive, the purpose of this paper is to propose the critical mediator of employee well-being to explain the hypothesized multilevel relationship between HPWS and job involvement. Design/methodology/approach – The authors distributed questionnaires to the target participants. Data collected from 451 employees and 50 HR managers/professionals of 50 firms in the three major industrial categories of manufacturing, finance, and service in Taiwan. Findings – This study identifies the significance of employee well-being by incorporating the theories of planned behavior and positive psychology and provides empirical evidence for the cross-level influence of HPWS on employee well-being and job involvement. Originality/value – This study incorporates the perspective of positive psychology as an important addition to research on SHRM and performance by highlighting employee well-being as a key mediator of SHRM and job involvement.


Author(s):  
Daniel J. Tomasulo

This chapter describes how intentional well-being interventions integrate the development of character strengths and activation of positive emotional resources while reducing risks and alleviating symptoms of depression and poor health. The emergence of these interventions reaches back nearly half a century and each layer of development has led to a more robust platform for implementing these approaches. Now, based on the evidence-based principles of positive psychology, these positive interventions help to cultivate hope through a more balanced approach to well-being than traditional deficit-oriented methods of psychotherapy. This chapter looks at the history of development of these interventions and their likely next phase of development.


Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Dickinson ◽  
Tristan J. Coulter ◽  
Clifford J. Mallett

As a basic psychological framework, humanistic theory emphasizes a strong interest in human welfare, values, and dignity. It involves the study and understanding of the unique whole person and how people can reach a heightened sense of self through the process of self-actualization. The focus within humanism to encourage and foster people to be “all they can be” and develop a true sense of self links to a strengths-based approach in sports coaching and the defining principles of positive psychology. In the field of sport and performance psychology, positive psychology has been influential as a discipline concerned with the optimal functioning and human flourishing of performers. Since the 2000s, many sport and performance psychologists have embraced positive psychology as a theoretical basis for examining consistent and superior human performance. However, in the modern history of psychological science, positive psychology is not a new phenomenon; rather, it stems from humanism—the traditional “third wave” in psychology (after the dominance of psychoanalytic and behaviorist approaches). Sport is recognized as a potentially influential context through which people at all levels and backgrounds can thrive. The tendency to focus on performance outcomes, however—winning and losing—often overshadows the potential of sport to achieve this aspirational goal. As evidence of this view, many high-performing athletes are commenting on their distressing experiences to reach the top and the “culture of fear” they have been exposed to as they pursue their own and others’ (e.g., institutional) ambitions (e.g., medaling at the Olympic Games). Humanism concerns itself with the quality of a person’s life, which includes, but also extends beyond such objective and classifying achievements. It is a person-centered approach to understanding the individual and his or her psychological, emotional, and behavioral reality. It seeks to help people define this reality more clearly in such a way that will help them feel good and perform at a high level. Humanism has been, therefore, an important school of thought for improving the lives and experiences of people who play sport as well as those who perform in various other contexts.


Author(s):  
Peter H. Huang ◽  
Anne M. Brafford ◽  
Debra S. Austin ◽  
Martha Knudson

We analyze how institutions in the form of organizations, laws, and policies can help foster human flourishing, and provide examples of the role that institutions can play by changing individual preferences and values. First, we analyze how to apply positive psychology to redesign law firm cultures to enable attorneys, clients, and communities to thrive. Second, we investigate how to empower law students, law professors, and other law school constituencies. Third, we demonstrate how to apply positive psychology to foster innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Fourth, we identify some complexities of utilizing subjective well-being measures to evaluate the impacts of laws and policies. Finally, we develop implications from positive psychology about what governments and others can do to support individuals, communities, and societies to thrive. Our goal is to provoke discussion about positive psychology’s role in developing institutions in the form of organizations, laws, and policies that help individuals, communities, and societies.


Author(s):  
Etsuyo Nishigaki ◽  
Takashi Maeno ◽  
Keiko Otake ◽  
Shinichiro Saito

Author(s):  
Daniel J. Tomasulo

This chapter describes how intentional well-being interventions integrate the development of character strengths and activation of positive emotional resources while reducing risks and alleviating symptoms of depression and poor health. The emergence of these interventions reaches back nearly half a century and each layer of development has led to a more robust platform for implementing these approaches. Now, based on the evidence-based principles of positive psychology, these positive interventions help to cultivate hope through a more balanced approach to well-being than traditional deficit-oriented methods of psychotherapy. This chapter looks at the history of development of these interventions and their likely next phase of development.


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