Newton’s Optical Experiments and Theories

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Optical Phenomena ◽  
Methodological Concern

This chapter describes Newton’s experimental and theoretical optical investigations. The discussions include his theory of color and the compound nature of white light; his interchanges with the critics of that theory; his methodological concern with certainty and hypotheses; his efforts to explain optical phenomena using a projectile or corpuscular theory of light; his quest to explain refraction and chromatic dispersion; his investigation of the colors of thin plates or the interference of light; his theory of the colors of natural bodies; his work on the colors of thick plates and the theory of fits; and his composition of the Opticks and investigation of diffraction.

scholarly journals V. ’Aμóρϕω⋎a, no. II.— on the epipölic dispersion of light, being a supplement to a paper entitled, “On a case of superficial colour presented by a homogeneous liquid internally colourless."

1845 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Dispersion Of Light

In reasoning on the peculiar coloured dispersion operated on a portion of a beam of white light intromitted into a solution of sulphate of quinine, it occurred to me as a subject well worthy of inquiry whether the rays so selected for dispersion and thus singularly separated from the rest, were distinguished by any other peculiarity; whether in effect an analysis of the incident light into two distinct species qualitatively different had been performed, or merely a simple subdivision , such as takes place, for instance, in partial reflexion, as in the phenomena of the colours of thin plates. Another interesting subject of inquiry presents itself in the laws which regulate this singular mode of dispersion itself, which, for brevity, I shall venture to call (at least provisionally) epipölic ,from ϵπ'πo⋋ἠ , a surface, the seat of the dispersion being at or very near the intromitting surface. As regards the question of analysis, two modes of examination present themselves, viz. either,—1, by subjecting the dispersed portion of the light to experiment, or, 2, the residual portion, which, having escaped dispersion, preserves the unity of its direction; and on that account, as well as by reason of its vastly superior intensity, offers itself more readily to experimental inquiry.

Sharp Corner Functions for Mindlin Plates

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. McGee ◽  
J. W. Kim ◽  
A. W. Leissa
Keyword(s):  
Plate Theory ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Mindlin Plate ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Thin Plate Theory ◽  
Mindlin Plate Theory ◽  
Moderately Thick Plates ◽  
Sharp Corners

Transverse displacement and rotation eigenfunctions for the bending of moderately thick plates are derived for the Mindlin plate theory so as to satisfy exactly the differential equations of equilibrium and the boundary conditions along two intersecting straight edges. These eigenfunctions are in some ways similar to those derived by Max Williams for thin plates a half century ago. The eigenfunctions are called “corner functions,” for they represent the state of stress currently in sharp corners, demonstrating the singularities that arise there for larger angles. The corner functions, together with others, may be used with energy approaches to obtain accurate results for global behavior of moderately thick plates, such as static deflections, free vibration frequencies, buckling loads, and mode shapes. Comparisons of Mindlin corner functions with those of thin-plate theory are made in this work, and remarkable differences are found.

scholarly journals Diffraction-Limited Observations Of Binary Star Systems

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 27-1-27-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Scaddan ◽  
B.L. Morgan ◽  
J.C. Dainty
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
White Light ◽  
Binary Star ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Television Camera ◽  
Speckle Patterns ◽  
Cine Film ◽  
Magnitude Difference ◽  
Made In

AbstractA speckle interferometer is described which has been used to measure the separations and position angles of binary star systems. The present instrument uses an image intensifier to enable the enlarged stellar images to be recorded on cine-film. The exposure time is typically 8 msec and the camera can be operated at up to 20 frames per second. The instrument incorporates a means of calibrating the magnitude difference of the binary star systems.A pair of achromatising lenses have been designed which will correct the radial chromatic dispersion in the speckle patterns and allow exposures to be made in “white” light. A system is under development which uses an image intensifier and a plumbicon television camera to acquire the data and a hard-wired autocorrelator to perform the analysis in real time. With this system the limiting magnitude of the technique should be significantly improved.

Chromatic dispersion measurement of nano-silicon waveguides using a white-light interferometry method

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Kim ◽  
Seoung Hun Lee ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Kyong Hon Kim ◽  
El-Hang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
White Light Interferometry ◽  
Silicon Waveguides ◽  
Dispersion Measurement ◽  
Interferometry Method ◽  
Nano Silicon

Research on chromatic dispersion measurement of PCF based on Michelson white-light interferometry

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagong Jia ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
White Light Interferometry ◽  
Dispersion Measurement

A New Method of Measuring Localized Chromatic Dispersion of Structured Nanowaveguide Devices Using White-Light Interferometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Seung Hwan Kim ◽  
Seoung Hun Lee ◽  
Kyong Hon Kim ◽  
Jong-Moo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
New Method ◽  
White Light Interferometry

On the Use of the Hole-Drilling Technique for Residual Stress Measurements in Thin Plates

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hampton ◽  
D. V. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Strain Gage ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Drilling Technique

The strain gage blind hole-drilling technique may be used to determine residual stresses at and below the surface of components. In this paper, the hole-drilling analysis methodology for thick plates is reviewed, and experimental data are used to evaluate the methodology and to assess its applicability to thin plates. Data on the effects of gage pattern, surface preparation, hole spacing, hole eccentricity, and stress level are also presented.

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