A History of Environmental Ethics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kawall
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time

This chapter presents a history of environmental ethics as a distinct academic field, from its early origins in the 1960s to recent, contemporary work. It focuses on the key movements and theories that have shaped—and continue to shape—the development of the field, while noting how these have changed and evolved over time. In addition, while tracing the history of these movements, the chapter attempts to present some of the central issues and topics that have garnered particular attention within the field. Finally, it closes with some tentative thoughts on promising paths for environmental ethicists to explore as our field continues to develop and mature.

scholarly journals Generation Crisis: How Population Research Defined the Baby Boomers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bouk
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Generational Conflict ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Mature Population ◽  
The Welfare State

This article presents an intellectual and social history of the concept of the baby boom. Researchers first invented the notion of a population bulge in the mid-twentieth-century United States to explain birth rates that were higher than predicted by their theories of a mature population and economy. As the children born during this “baby boom” entered schools in the 1950s, they were drawn into a pre-existing conversation about an educational emergency that confirmed researchers’ suspicions that the bulge would spread crisis over time throughout all of the nation's age-graded institutions. New sociological and demographic explanations of the bulge subsequently merged with heightened talk of generational conflict during the 1960s and 1970s to define, with journalistic help in 1980, the “baby boom generation” and the “baby boomer.” Crisis talk has pursued the boomers into the present, mobilized most effectively by opponents of the welfare state.

WHY LITTLE THINKERS ARE A BIG DEAL: THE RELEVANCE OF CHILDHOOD STUDIES TO INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
CORINNE T. FIELD
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time

Why should intellectual historians care about children? Until recently, the answer was that adults’ ideas about children matter, particularly for the history of education and the history of conceptions of the family, but children's ideas are of little significance. Beginning with Philippe Ariès in the 1960s, historians took to exploring how and why adults’ ideas about children changed over time. In these early histories of childhood, young people figured as consumers of culture and objects of socialization, but not as producers or even conduits of ideas.

scholarly journals Photographic representations of 'truth': the history and contemporary practice of photographic narrative tableaux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D'Arcy L. l. White
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Theory And Criticism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Over Time

This thesis explores the history of photographic narrative tableau from the Victorian era, through modernism, postmodernism, and postmodernism examining, as case studies, the contemporary work of Patrick Nagatani and Gregory Crewdson. It illustrates how this genre evolved over time, noting technological, social and cultural influences affecting artists and their work. It includes a discussion of contemporaneous photographic theory and criticism, and illustrates how staged narrative tableau photographs have a paradoxical relationship to the problematic concept of truth. Topics discussed include artifce, the uncanny, paradox, the contemporary sublime, and the aesthetics of seduction; the complicit gaze, anti narrative, and the role of the viewer; the use of language, words, and signs; fact, myth, truth, and the (re)creation of history; theatricality, melodrama, and metaphor; allegory, Simulation, simulacra, reality, and the real.

A short history of visual literacy: the first five decades

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Literacy ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short History ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rochester School ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time

The origins and history of Visual literacy (VL) are summarized in this article, from the 1960s writings of John L. Debes, Marshall McLuhan and others of the Rochester School, to the influence of the Internet in the 2000s. ERIC and Google Scholar searches are used to analyse the evolution of its literature over time.

You Saw the Whole of the Moon: The Role of Imagination in the Perceptual Construction of the Moon

Leonardo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Colleen Boyle
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Orbiter ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time

The author offers a short history of how our perceptual relationship with the Moon has changed over time. Examples of lunar imaging by Early Renaissance painter Jan Van Eyck, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, 19th-century photographer James Nasmyth and NASA's Ranger and Lunar Orbiter missions of the 1960s reveal ways in which our perception of the Moon has changed. Images of the Moon produced by technology remain far from “complete”—they are akin to fragments, sketches or models, providing information upon which the imagination can build. How we imagine the Moon, the author argues, is symbiotically linked with our representations of it; we only perceive the truly complete, whole Moon in the non-localized zone of our imaginations.

Re-Excavating Jerusalem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Prag
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Bronze Age

Re-excavating Jerusalem: Archival Archaeology is concerned with the archaeology and history of Jerusalem. It is a story of ongoing crises, of adaptations, inheritance and cultural transmission over many centuries under successive rulers, where each generation owed a cultural debt to its predecessors, from the Bronze Age to the modern world. It is not a summary history of occupation over four millennia, but rather a reflection of events as revealed in a major programme of archaeological excavation conducted by Dame Kathleen Kenyon in the 1960s, which is still in process of publication. The excavation archive has an ongoing relevance, even though knowledge of the city and its inhabitants has increased over the decades since then, revealing fresh insights to set against contemporary work. The preservation of such archives has great importance for future historians. Among topics addressed are the nature of a dispersed settlement pattern in the 2nd millennium BC; a fresh look at the vexed problems of the biblical accounts of the work of David and Solomon and the development of the city in the 10th and 9th centuries BC; the nature of the fortifications of the town re-established by Nehemiah in the 5th century BC; some evidence of the Roman occupation following the almost total destruction of the city in AD 70; and an exploration within the Islamic city during the 12th to 15th centuries. The latter illustrates the endless interest in Jerusalem shown by the outside world.

scholarly journals Bodybuilding and Fitness Doping in Transition. Historical Transformations and Contemporary Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Jesper Andreasson ◽  
Thomas Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Introductory Phase ◽  
Over Time

This article describes and analyses the historical development of gym and fitness culture in general and doping use in this context in particular. Theoretically, the paper utilises the concept of subculture and explores how a subcultural response can be used analytically in relation to processes of cultural normalisation as well as marginalisation. The focus is on historical and symbolic negotiations that have occurred over time, between perceived expressions of extreme body cultures and sociocultural transformations in society—with a perspective on fitness doping in public discourse. Several distinct phases in the history of fitness doping are identified. First, there is an introductory phase in the mid-1950s, in which there is an optimism connected to modernity and thoughts about scientifically-engineered bodies. Secondly, in the 1960s and 70s, a distinct bodybuilding subculture is developed, cultivating previously unseen muscular male bodies. Thirdly, there is a critical phase in the 1980s and 90s, where drugs gradually become morally objectionable. The fourth phase, the fitness revolution, can be seen as a transformational phase in gym culture. The massive bodybuilding body is replaced with the well-defined and moderately muscular fitness body, but at the same time there are strong commercialised values which contribute to the development of a new doping market. Finally, it is possible to speculate on the development of a fifth phase, in which fitness doping is increasingly being filtered into mainstream gym and fitness culture, influencing the fitness doping demography.

scholarly journals Development Shadows: The Afterlife of Collapsed Development Projects in the Zambian Copperbelt

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Lynn Schler ◽  
Yonatan N. Gez
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Postcolonial Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Zambian Copperbelt

Communities that were once the target of postcolonial development schemes still contend with the legacies of these interventions, long after such projects have been abandoned. This article looks at the afterlife of Israeli-led agricultural cooperatives that were initiated in the Zambian Copperbelt during the 1960s. Although these schemes collapsed in the decade following their establishment, local communities are still coping with the history of their rise and fall. In the Kafubu Block and Kafulafuta, the physical, social, and economic landscapes resonate with the successes and failures of this modernist planning. The schemes continue to provide a fundamental and contentious point of reference in both individual and community lives. A long-term perspective on the communities’ continued engagement with the legacies of the abandoned schemes deepens our understanding of development's complex “afterlife,” and demonstrates how the past retains its relevance by taking on different meanings over time.

scholarly journals Photographic representations of 'truth': the history and contemporary practice of photographic narrative tableaux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D'Arcy L. l. White
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Theory And Criticism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Over Time

This thesis explores the history of photographic narrative tableau from the Victorian era, through modernism, postmodernism, and postmodernism examining, as case studies, the contemporary work of Patrick Nagatani and Gregory Crewdson. It illustrates how this genre evolved over time, noting technological, social and cultural influences affecting artists and their work. It includes a discussion of contemporaneous photographic theory and criticism, and illustrates how staged narrative tableau photographs have a paradoxical relationship to the problematic concept of truth. Topics discussed include artifce, the uncanny, paradox, the contemporary sublime, and the aesthetics of seduction; the complicit gaze, anti narrative, and the role of the viewer; the use of language, words, and signs; fact, myth, truth, and the (re)creation of history; theatricality, melodrama, and metaphor; allegory, Simulation, simulacra, reality, and the real.

A note on John Hawkins (1761–1841) and the Hawkins archive

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
R. J. CLEEVELY
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

A note dealing with the history of the Hawkins Papers, including the material relating to John Hawkins (1761–1841) presented to the West Sussex Record Office in the 1960s, recently transferred to the Cornwall County Record Office, Truro, in order to be consolidated with the major part of the Hawkins archive held there. Reference lists to the correspondence of Sibthorp-Hawkins, Hawkins-Sibthorp, and Hawkins to his mother mentioned in The Flora Graeca story (Lack, 1999) are provided.

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