WHY LITTLE THINKERS ARE A BIG DEAL: THE RELEVANCE OF CHILDHOOD STUDIES TO INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
CORINNE T. FIELD

Why should intellectual historians care about children? Until recently, the answer was that adults’ ideas about children matter, particularly for the history of education and the history of conceptions of the family, but children's ideas are of little significance. Beginning with Philippe Ariès in the 1960s, historians took to exploring how and why adults’ ideas about children changed over time. In these early histories of childhood, young people figured as consumers of culture and objects of socialization, but not as producers or even conduits of ideas.

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Steffi Marung

AbstractIn this article the Soviet-African Modern is presented through an intellectual history of exchanges in a triangular geography, outspreading from Moscow to Paris to Port of Spain and Accra. In this geography, postcolonial conditions in Eastern Europe and Africa became interconnected. This shared postcolonial space extended from the Soviet South to Africa. The glue for the transregional imagination was an engagement with the topos of backwardness. For many of the participants in the debate, the Soviet past was the African present. Focusing on the 1960s and 1970s, three connected perspectives on the relationship between Soviet and African paths to modernity are presented: First, Soviet and Russian scholars interpreting the domestic (post)colonial condition; second, African academics revisiting the Soviet Union as a model for development; and finally, transatlantic intellectuals connecting postcolonial narratives with socialist ones. Drawing on Russian archives, the article furthermore demonstrates that Soviet repositories hold complementary records for African histories.


Author(s):  
Margaret L. King

Scholars largely neglected the history of the family until after World War II, when they began to employ theoretical perspectives imported from the social sciences. In the 1960s, two principal figures triggered its study: Philippe Ariès, associated with the French Annales school, and Peter Laslett, cofounder at Cambridge University, England, of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Since that period, studies have proliferated on the history of family and household in Europe and its subregions and on the related topics of childhood and youth.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bouk

This article presents an intellectual and social history of the concept of the baby boom. Researchers first invented the notion of a population bulge in the mid-twentieth-century United States to explain birth rates that were higher than predicted by their theories of a mature population and economy. As the children born during this “baby boom” entered schools in the 1950s, they were drawn into a pre-existing conversation about an educational emergency that confirmed researchers’ suspicions that the bulge would spread crisis over time throughout all of the nation's age-graded institutions. New sociological and demographic explanations of the bulge subsequently merged with heightened talk of generational conflict during the 1960s and 1970s to define, with journalistic help in 1980, the “baby boom generation” and the “baby boomer.” Crisis talk has pursued the boomers into the present, mobilized most effectively by opponents of the welfare state.


2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Rousmaniere

This essay is an exploratory history of American educators as viewed through the lens of disability studies. By this I mean that I am looking at the history of school teachers with disability as the primary marker of social relations, in much the same way that I and others have looked at the history of education through the primary lens of race, gender, ethnicity, age, religion, and sexuality. Looking at the history of teachers through the analytic framework of disability studies allows us to see first, how educational systems, practices, values, and professional norms have developed in a way that excludes people with disabilities from educational employment, or assigned them to parallel and marginalized institutions of special education and second, how notions of normality have defined the work and identity of all educators. It is this latter point that is my greatest interest here: how cultural concepts of ability and disability have shaped all educators' occupational identity and experience over time.


Author(s):  
Robin Marie Averbeck

In this intellectual history of the fraught relationship between race and poverty in the 1960s, Robin Marie Averbeck offers a sustained critique of the fundamental assumptions that structured liberal thought and action in postwar America. Focusing on the figures associated with “Great Society liberalism” like Daniel Patrick Moynihan, David Riesman, and Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Averbeck argues that these thinkers helped construct policies that never truly attempted a serious attack on the sources of racial inequality and injustice. In Averbeck’s telling, the Great Society’s most notable achievements--the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act--came only after unrelenting and unprecedented organizing by black Americans made changing the inequitable status quo politically necessary. And even so, the discourse about poverty created by liberals had inherently conservative qualities. As Liberalism Is Not Enough reveals, liberalism’s historical relationship with capitalism shaped both the initial content of liberal scholarship on poverty and its ultimate usefulness to a resurgent conservative movement.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Tatiana Frederico de Almeida ◽  
Carolina Silva Cervino Garcia

Introdução: O traumatismo dento-alveolar em vários locais do mundo tem alta prevalência na dentição decídua e permanente de crianças e jovens, com cerca de um terço destes sendo afetados. Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e gravidade de traumatismo dento-alveolar em crianças e jovens de 03 a 18 anos, assim como fatores associados. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal no Centro de Integração Familiar em Salvador, Bahia, que atende cerca de 400 crianças e jovens. Foram registradas informações sociodemográficas e história do trauma. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 357 escolares. Resultados: A amostra tinha idade média de 8,3 anos. A prevalência do traumatismo foi de 15,69%, sendo a fratura de esmalte o agravo mais frequentemente encontrado, e sua etiologia principal a queda. Conclusão: O trauma acometeu o sexo feminino, as crianças mais velhas, de cor branca/outras, com overjet acentuado e com mais de dois irmãos. É necessária maior divulgação de informações de prevenção deste problema de saúde bucal.AbstractIntroduction: Dento-alveolar trauma in many places around the world has a high prevalence in deciduous and permanent dentition of children and young people, with about one third of them being affected. Objective: To describe the prevalence and severity of dentoalveolar trauma in children and young people from 03 to 18 years old, as well as associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Integration Center in Salvador, Bahia, which serves about 400 children and young people. Sociodemographic information and history of trauma were recorded. The study was conducted with a sample of 357 students. Results: The sample had a mean age of 8.3 years. The prevalence of trauma was 15.69%, with the enamel fracture being the most frequently encountered injury, and its main etiology being the fall. Conclusion: The trauma affected females, older children, white/others people, with severe overjet and with more than two siblings. More information on prevention of this oral health problem is needed.


2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-73
Author(s):  
Nancy Beadie

The recent shift away from the idea of centrally planned public systems and toward market-based models of schooling opens new territory for scholarship in the history of education. What is the history of education markets? How has the structure of education markets changed over time? This article addresses these questions by surveying existing literature, with an emphasis on the early national and antebellum periods. In the process it brings new perspectives to standard narratives of the history of education in the nineteenth century, particularly regarding the development of state-based educational systems. It then proposes areas for future research and concludes by introducing two examples of new work in this field.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. JONES

Ever since the resurgence of the sub-discipline in the 1960s, the foremost achievements of the history of political thought have dealt with the early modern period. The classics of the genre—Laslett's edition of Locke, Pocock'sMachiavellian Moment, Skinner'sFoundations—have all dealt with that period, and it is hard to think of any works on the nineteenth century that have quite the same stature. Of all the canonical political thinkers, John Stuart Mill is perhaps the one who has proved resistant to the contextualist method. There is a vast literature on Mill, and many historians have written penetratingly about him—Stefan Collini, William Thomas, Donald Winch—but there has hitherto been no historically grounded study of his thought to rival, say, John Dunn on Locke or Skinner on Hobbes, or even a host of learned monographs. Before Varouxakis's book, no study of Mill had been published in Cambridge University Press's flagship series in intellectual history, Ideas in Context. But all that has changed. In these two works, published more or less concurrently, we have two triumphs for contextualism. They demonstrate in impressive detail just why it matters in reading Mill to get the history right.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Regina Baggio Osinski ◽  
Amanda Siqueira Torres Cunha

Este artigo analisa o conceito de “infância” a partir de formulações que marcaram a modernidade, inserindo-se no campo das pesquisas em história intelectual da educação e relacionando-se de modo mais específico com a história dos conceitos. A investigação tratará do contexto europeu, definindo como recorte temporal o período entre os séculos XVII e XIX. As reflexões de Reinhart Koselleck a partir do campo da história dos conceitos serão cotejadas com as de autores como Ariès, Becchi, Herrero, Levin e Kohan, que discutem a infância em perspectiva histórica. Como fontes, serão analisados os discuros de intelectuais envolvidos com a infância e sua formação, tais como os mestre de Port-Royal, Immanuel Kant, John  Locke, Denis Diderot, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Johann Pestalozzi e Friedrich Froebel, os quais evidenciam a construção, manutenção ou ressignificação do conceito de infância no decorrer do tempo, graças a movimentos de circulação e apropriação. Foi possível perceber, no período analisado, que o conceito de infância em circulação no século XVII e início do século XVIII, relacionado a um número maior de aspectos negativos e concebido como um momento da vida imperfeito, pecaminoso e separado da vida adulta, cedeu paulatinamente lugar, até meados do século XIX, à ideia de um período com características próprias e relevante para a concretização do projeto de homem moderno.Palavras-chave: História da educação; história dos conceitos; conceito de infância; infância e modernidade.THE CONCEPT OF "CHILDHOOD" IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN MODERNITY (XVII-XIX CENTURIES)AbstractThis article analyzes the concept of "childhood" from formulations that marked modernity, inserting itself in the field of research in the intellectual history of education and relating more specifically to the history of concepts. The research will deal with the European context, defining as temporal cut-off the period between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Reinhart Koselleck's reflections from the field of concept history will be compared with authors such as Ariès, Becchi, Herrero, Levin and Kohan, who discuss childhood in historical perspective. As sources, the discourses of intellectuals involved with childhood and its formation, such as the Masters of Port-Royal, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel and Jean Jacques Rousseau, will be analyzed, which put in evidence the construction, maintenance or re-signification of the concept of childhood in the course of time, thanks to movements of circulation and appropriation. It was possible to perceive, in the analyzed period, that the concept of childhood in circulation in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century, related to a greater number of negative aspects and conceived as a moment of imperfect, sinful life separated from adult life, gradually gave place, until de nineteenth century, to the idea of a period with its own characteristics and relevant to the realization of the modern man project.Key-words: History of education; history of concepts; concept of childhood; childhood and modernity.EL CONCEPTO DE "INFANCIA" EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA MODERNIDAD EUROPEA (SÉCULOS XVII-XIX) Resumen Este artículo analiza el concepto de "infancia" a partir de formulaciones que marcaron la modernidad, insertándose en el campo de las investigaciones en historia intelectual de la educación y relacionándose de modo más específico con la historia de los conceptos. La investigación tratará del contexto europeo, definiendo como recorte temporal el período entre los siglos XVII y XIX. Las reflexiones de Reinhart Koselleck a partir del campo de la historia de los conceptos serán cotejadas con autores como Ariès, Becchi, Herrero, Levin y Kohan, que discuten la infancia en perspectiva histórica. Como fuentes, se analizarán los discursos de intelectuales involucrados con la infancia y su formación, como los maestros de Port-Royal, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel y Jean Jacques Rousseau, que evidencian la construcción, el mantenimiento o la resignificación del concepto de infancia en el transcurso del tiempo, gracias a movimientos de circulación y apropiación. En el período analizado, el concepto de infancia en circulación en el siglo XVII y el inicio del siglo XVIII, que se relacionó con un número mayor de aspectos negativos, siendo concebido como un momento de la vida imperfecto, pecaminoso y separado de la vida adulta, cedió paulatinamente lugar, hasta el siglo XIX, a la idea de un período con características propias y relevantes para la concreción del proyecto de hombre moderno.Palabras clave: Historia de la educación; historia de los conceptos; concepto de infancia; la infancia y la modernidad.   


2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
С.А. АЙЛАРОВА

Статья посвящена одному из аспектов истории образования в Осетии конца XIX – начала XX в. – самосознанию социопрофессиональной группы – осетинского учительства. Формирование профессиональных групп было выражением модернизации социальной структуры пореформенного осетинского общества. Ввиду особенностей истории образования в Осетии главным представителем этой группы являлись учителя церковно-приходских школ – основного типа начальной школы в крае. Осознание профессиональных интересов, общественного статуса и материального положения народного учителя было проявлением оформления этого социального сообщества. В центре внимания педагогической публицистики – учительская повседневность, размеры жалования, проблема пенсий, жилье, питание, взаимоотношения учителя с школьной и сельской администрацией, представителями сельского общества, статус и перспективы педагогического труда. Обсуждение многих проблем носило полемический характер; участники дискуссии высказывали противоположные суждения о материальной обеспеченности народного учителя, качестве жилья, возможности подсобного хозяйства, будущего образования детей учителя. Освещалась запутанность ситуации с учительскими пенсиями, которые в реальности не выплачивались. В актуальной публицистике освещены не все проблемы учительской повседневности, а только социально значимые, волновавшие демократическую интеллигенцию. Изучение субкультуры и самосознания осетинского учительства актуально в русле методологических поисков отечественной «новой социальной истории», а также «историко-антропологического» подхода, дающих возможность реконструкции поведенческих стратегий этой группы интеллигенции. «Интеллектуальная история» Осетии дореволюционного периода формировалась во многом представителями этой образовательной общности, развивавшей общественную мысль на протяжении десятилетий. Публицистическая подборка, составившая основу статьи, информативна и свидетельствует о перспективности изучения такой социопрофессиональной и культурной группы, как осетинское учительство. The article considers one of the aspects of the history of education in Ossetia in the end of XIX – early XX century – the self-awareness of the Ossetian teachers as socio-professional group. The formation of professional groups was an expression of the modernization of the social structure of the post-reform Ossetian society. In view of the peculiarities of the history of education in Ossetia, the main representative of this group was the teachers of parish schools, the main type of elementary school in the region. Awareness of the professional interests, social status and material situation of the people's teacher was a manifestation of the formation of this social community. The focus of pedagogical journalism is on teachers' everyday life, salaries, the problem of pensions, housing, food, the teacher's relationship with the school and rural administration, representatives of rural society, the status and prospects of pedagogical work. Discussion of many problems was polemical in nature; the participants in the discussion expressed opposite opinions about the material security of a people's teacher, the quality of housing, the possibility of subsidiary farming, and the future education of the teacher's children. The confusion of the situation with teachers' pensions, which in reality were not paid, was highlighted. In actual journalism, not all problems of teachers' everyday life are highlighted, but only socially significant ones that worried the democratic intelligentsia. The study of the subculture and self-consciousness of the Ossetian teachers is relevant in line with the methodological searches of the national “new social history”, as well as the “historical-anthropological” approach, which makes it possible to reconstruct the behavioral strategies of this group of intelligentsia. The "intellectual history" of Ossetia in the pre-revolutionary period was formed in many respects by representatives of this educational community, which had been developing public thought for decades. This journalistic selection is informative and testifies to the prospects of studying such a socio-professional and cultural group as the Ossetian teachers.


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