Biochemical Genetics of Fundulus heteroclitus (L.): V. Inheritance of 10 Biochemical Loci

1988 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Brown ◽  
I. J. Ropson ◽  
D. A. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biochemical Genetics ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Starch Gel

Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis has shown that natural populations of Fundulus heteroclitus have electrophoretic variants for at least 21 loci. We provide inheritance data for 10 polymorphic systems: esterases (Est-B, EST-C, and Est-D); aspartate amlnotransferases (Aat-A, and Aat-B); mannosephosphate isomerase (Mpl-A); acid phosphatase (Ap-A); phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-B); hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6pdh-A); and fumarase (Fum-A). Variants for nine of these loci segregate as autosomally inherited codominant alleles. The other system, EST-C, does not reflect such inheritance. We have identified two possible linkage groups: H6pdh-A may be loosely linked to Pgm-B, and Fum-A appears to be linked to Pgm-A. Tissue specificity and intracellular localization for all these loci are also presented.

INHERITED VARIANTS OF α1-ANTITRYPSIN: A NEW ALLELE PiN

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Wilson Cox ◽  
Lynne Celhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Similar Region ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Immunofixation Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gels ◽  
Antigen Antibody

A new inherited variant of α1-antitrypsin (protease inhibitor or Pi) has been found in five individuals of a family of Welsh origin. The new allele is called PiN, as the α1AT product migrates in acid starch gel between the products of the PiM and PiP alleles. The individuals carrying the PiN allele are all of Pi type MN. The new variant has been compared in several electrophoretic systems with other variants migrating in a similar region by acid starch gel electrophoresis (M, P, S, V, W and X). Acid starch gel and crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis are most suitable for distinguishing the PiN product. By immunofixation electrophoresis, N has a mobility only slightly different from that of M, however the value of this method can be seen for distinguishing other slow variants which cannot be clearly distinguished on acid starch gels. Twenty-three variants of α1AT are now known. Twenty-two of these are electrophoretic variants and one, the null allele (Pi−), produces no α1AT.

Genetic variability in natural populations of the gray wolf, Canis lupus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis K. Kennedy ◽  
Michael L. Kennedy ◽  
Peter L. Clarkson ◽  
Ilme S. Liepins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Starch Gel

The genetic variability of gray wolves (Canis lupus) from northwestern Canada was assessed through starch-gel electrophoresis. Of 27 protein systems examined, 25, representing 37 presumptive loci, were consistently scorable; 7 proteins (5 were consistently scorable) exhibited polymorphism. The level of heterozygosity (3.0%) was medial relative to values reported for natural populations of Carnivora and high relative to values reported for natural populations of canids. An overall pattern of few deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations and some spatial heterogeneity was observed. Wolves associated with different caribou herds exhibited a low level of differentiation (FST = 0.029). The pattern of variability supports the view of a large panmictic population resulting from extensive movements of individuals and packs and from natural and human impacts on pack structure and formation.

Electrophoretic Variants of L-Alpha-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase in Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastodes alutus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Johnson ◽  
F. M. Utter ◽  
H. O. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Starch Gel

Three phenotypes of L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH) were found in muscle extracts of Pacific ocean perch by starch-gel electrophoresis. No association was obvious between alpha-glycerophosphate phenotype and sex or stage of maturity. The observed phenotypes were presumed to be under the control of two allelic genes, F and S. This assumption was supported by the distribution of phenotypes of fish collected off the coasts of Washington and Oregon. This report is the first on genetic variants of an enzyme in Pacific ocean perch and suggests that isozymes of α-GPDH may be useful in population studies of this species.

Development of protein polymorphisms in redwing blackbirds

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
Alan H. Brush ◽  
Alan F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Agelaius Phoeniceus ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Developmental Sequences ◽  
General Esterases ◽  
Starch Gel

Breeding populations of the redwing blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus, were studied to compare protein differences during development. Proteins which represented a minimum of ten loci were studied in egg white, embryonic, nestling and adult tissue. In starch-gel electrophoresis at several conditions of pH only ovoglobulin, ovotransferrin and general esterases were polymorphic. Tissue specificity was observed in other isozymes. These data suggest that developmental sequences of proteins may be considered an adaptative response of the organism.

Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals. IV. Triploid Otiorrhynchus salicis Ström (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Lokki ◽  
Pekka Lankinen ◽  
Anssi Saura ◽  
Esko Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Bisexual Population ◽  
Starch Gel

AbstractThe genetic variability at 20 enzyme loci in natural populations of Otiorrhynchus salicis Ström was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Altogether 135 weevils were analyzed. The samples originated from a diploid bisexual population in Austria, from four triploid parthenogenetic populations in the Carpathian mountains, and from three triploid parthenogenetic populations in central Sweden. Altogether 16 different genotypes were found in triploid parthenogenetic populations. Two major types, comprising 39 out of the 76 parthenogenetic individuals, occur both in Scandinavia and in central Europe. The less frequent types can be derived from these through mutations. O. salicis is a flightless insect, which has been assumed to have overwintered the Würm glaciation in icefree refugia in Scandinavia. The overall genetic similarity found in the material suggests that the parthenogenetic race spread to its isolated Scandinavian area in postglacial times.

scholarly journals ALLOZYMIC VARIATION AND LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM IN SOME LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1314
Author(s):  
C C Laurie-Ahlberg ◽  
B S Weir
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Linkage Disequilibria ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Selective Effects

ABSTRACT Nine laboratory populations of D. melanogaster were surveyed by starch gel electrophoresis for variation at 17 enzyme loci. A single-fly extract could be assayed for all 17 enzymes, so that the data consist of 17-locus genotypes.— Pairwise linkage disequilibria were estimated from the multilocus genotypic frequencies, using both BURROWS' and HILL'S methods. Large amounts of link-age disequilibrium were found, in contrast to the results reported for natural populations.—Knowledge of the approximate sizes of these populations was used to compare the observed heterozygosities and linkage disequilibria with predictions of the neutral allele hypothesis. The relatively large amount of linkage disequilibrium is consistent with the small sizes of the populations. However, the levels of heterozygosity in at least some populations suggest that some mechanism has been operating to retard the rate of decay by random drift. Several examples of significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg frequencies and the large amount of linkage disequilibnim present in these populations indicate that a likely mechanism is selective effects associated with neutral alleles because of linkage disequilibrium with selected loci (e.g., "associative overdominance"). The results are therefore consistent with both neutralist, and selectionist hypotheses, but suggest the importance of considering linkage disequilibrium between neutral and selected loci when attempting to explain the dynamics of enzyme polymorphisms.

INHERITANCE OF ELECTROPHORETIC VARIANTS OF SERUM ESTERASES IN DOMESTIC FOWL

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Grunder
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Region I ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean

Three regions of serum esterase activity of chickens were differentiated by means of starch gel electrophoresis and appropriate stains. Regions I and II seemed to represent aliesterase while region III apparently represented a cholinesterase. The patterns of zones of region I were classified into three phenotypes named A, B, and AB and the hypothesis was proposed that these are controlled by two codominant alleles named EsA and AsB. The staining intensity of these esterase zones among adults was sex-associated in that the mean staining intensity of zones was greater in male than in female sera. Frequency of the EsB allele was 0.70, 0.76, and 0.85 in three meat lines.

Sibling species in the mangrove genus Ceriops (Rhizophoraceae), detected using biochemical genetics*

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Ballment ◽  
TJ III Smith ◽  
JA Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biochemical Genetics ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Ceriops Tagal ◽  
Mangrove Trees

Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes from the mangrove trees Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C. B. Robinson var. tagal, Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C. B. Robinson var. australis C. T. White, and Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou in northern Queensland, Australia, revealed a uniform genetic structure within taxa, but high levels of genetic divergence among taxa. No more than 20% of enzyme phenotypic characters were shared by any pair of the taxa, and patterns of enzyme phenotypic variation consistent with hybridisation among them were not seen in any samples, including those from areas of spmpatry. This evidence of reproductive isolation is considered sufficient to accord species status to C. tagal var. australis.* Aust. lnst. Marine Sci. Contrib. No. 453.

Specific status of Aquarius cinereus (Puton) and A. najas (De Geer) (Hemiptera: Gerridae) and the extent of hybridization in the Mediterranean region

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Zimmermann ◽  
Adolf Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Gene Differentiation ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Intermediate Size

AbstractResults of field observations, cross-breeding experiments, morphometry, and starch gel electrophoresis suggest that A. cinereus and A. najas are specifically distinct. Cross-breeding experiments between the two taxa in the laboratory were only successful when using males of A. cinereus and females of A. najas. Field observations on mixed populations in spring did not reveal any pre- or postcopulae involving partners of the two taxa (assigned by body length). Instead all pairs observed consisted of conspecific males and females. Morphometry of field caught adults of A. najas and A. cinereus yielded a clearly bimodal distribution of body length with only very few individuals of intermediate size. Therefore, body length alone allows reasonable separation of the two taxa in natural populations. Although F1-hybrids from laboratory rearings (photoperiod 18L:6D, temperature ∼ 23°C) differed only marginally in body length from A. najas reared under the same conditions, backcrosses and also F2-hybrids were of intermediate size. In the field individuals of both taxa are predominantly wingless, but both hybrids and backcrosses from the laboratory showed a net shift in morph ratio with many longwinged specimens. Vertical starch gel electrophoresis of three monomorphic (Apk, Got-2, Mdh-2), six polymorphic loci with low levels of polymorphism (Idh-1, Fum, Got-1, Mdh-1, Me, 6-Pgd) and three highly polymorphic loci (Es-4, Idh-2, Pgm) suggests that the two taxa do not share a common gene pool. Gene differentiation among all A. cinereus populations as measured by Nei's GST values is very low. Between Tyrrhenian and continental A. najas populations, however, gene differentiation is very high, and in the same order of magnitude as gene differentiation between the two taxa A. cinereus and A. najas in sympatric populations. Our field observations, together with morphometric data, laboratory rearings, and information on wing polymorphism, suggest that hybridization in natural populations is rare.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

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