scholarly journals Parliamentary Representation: A Cross-national Study of Candidates’ Views

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-542
Author(s):  
Laura Sudulich ◽  
Siim Trumm ◽  
Jack Bridgewater
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
National Study ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Party Family ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThis study explores political elites’ self-conceptualisation of parliamentary representation by using data on nearly 7000 candidates encompassing 18 elections in 15 countries. We examine the relevance of institutional features, closeness to the sources of representatives’ mandates, party family, as well as candidates’ personal characteristics, with a modelling strategy that accommodates the understanding of role orientation as a two-stage process. We posit that choosing between being loyal to a party or to voters is not equivalent to prioritising one’s own agency in the first place, and suggest that self-conceptualisation of parliamentary representation happens in two different stages. We find that individual-level characteristics such as gender and ideological proximity to one’s party, but also party family, play a key role in shaping views on authority versus independence. The effects of political environment and institutions are limited to shaping a choice between responding to one’s party or constituents.

Combining labour market and unemployment policies with environmental sustainability? A cross-national study on ecosocial innovations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Stamm ◽  
Aila-Leena Matthies ◽  
Tuuli Hirvilammi ◽  
Kati Närhi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
National Study ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

AbstractLabour market and unemployment policies in particular are rarely connected to issues of environmental sustainability. In the present article, the link is examined by focusing on ecosocial innovations in four European countries – Finland, Germany, Belgium and Italy. These innovations are small-scale associations, cooperatives or organizations that create new integrative practices combining both social and environmental goals. By asking how their social practices are linked with labour market and unemployment policies, we explore the scope for new ecosocial policies. The results of this cross-national case study lead to three lessons to be learnt for a future ecosocial welfare state: at the sectoral level, organizational level and individual level. In summary, many valuable ideas, instruments and programmes towards sustainability already exist in the field, but they are not yet integrated in the current labour market and unemployment policies.

Possible Relations between General Population Suicide Rates and Societal Crime: A Cross-National Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-642
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Ritesh Bhandarkar
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Crime may be associated with a less structured society, less social integration, and feelings of less security and greater distress among citizens, which characteristics may lead to mental illness and subsequent suicide. Therefore, a cross-national analysis examining the association of general population suicide rates with percent of males and females in the population victimised by different categories of crime was undertaken using cross-national data from the World Health Organization and United Nations for 42 countries. Spearman correlations were generally weak and not statistically significant. Those values were at variance with the study's hypothesis and may be explained by several factors, including methodological issues. Individual-level case-control or cohort studies of suicides and attempted suicides in the general population may permit exploration of the relation of general population suicides with experience and percent by nations of being victimised by crime.

Association of General Population Suicide Rates with Urbanisation

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-612
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
A Priori ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Study ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

There is mixed evidence of a relation for suicide rates in the general population with urbanisation. A cross-national study of 76 countries was undertaken examining the a priori hypothesis that the relation of the general population suicide rates with urbanisation, using data from the World Health Organization and United Nations, would be curvilinear and follow an inverted U-shaped curve, with a quadratic pattern. The predicted curvilinear relation was not found. This may have been due to major methodological limitations in cross-national studies, so this hypothesised curvilinear relationship may be better examined in longitudinal studies over time in individual countries undergoing urbanisation.

A Cross-National Study of Perceived Risk

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hoover ◽  
Robert T. Green ◽  
Joel Saegert
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 confinement on eating behaviours across 16 European countries: The COVIDiet cross-national study

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 104231
Author(s):  
Esther Molina-Montes ◽  
Irina Uzhova ◽  
Vito Verardo ◽  
Reyes Artacho ◽  
Belén García-Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
National Study ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Disengaging elections? Political interest, number of elections, and turnout in elections to the European Parliament

2021 ◽  
pp. 146511652199845
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Nonnemacher
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
National Study ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data ◽  
European Parliament Elections ◽  
Cross National Study

Since direct elections to the European Parliament began in 1979, variations in voting behavior in European Parliament elections from national elections have raised interesting questions about political behavior. I add to a growing literature that explores turnout in European Parliament elections by focusing on the count of national elections between European Parliament elections. Through a cross-national study of elections, I find that turnout decreases in the European Parliament contest following cycles with numerous national contests. Then, using data from the European Election Study, I argue that this is the result of frequent elections decreasing turnout particularly among already low interest voters who stay home. My findings have implications for how formal rules of multi-level elections shape political behavior more generally and voter fatigue in particular.

The experience of burnout among future construction professionals: a cross‐national study

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Clare Lingard ◽  
Brenda Yip ◽  
Steve Rowlinson ◽  
Thomas Kvan
Keyword(s):  
National Study ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National
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