scholarly journals Cannabis-impaired driving and Canadian youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S21-S25
Author(s):  
Jeff R Brubacher ◽  
Herbert Chan ◽  
John A Staples
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Delayed Information ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Significant Impairment

Abstract Acute cannabis use results in inattention, delayed information processing, impaired coordination, and slowed reaction time. Driving simulator studies and epidemiologic analyses suggest that cannabis use increases motor vehicle crash risk. How much concern should we have regarding cannabis associated motor vehicle collision risks among younger drivers? This article summarizes why young, inexperienced drivers may be at a particularly high risk of crashing after using cannabis. We describe the epidemiology of cannabis use among younger drivers, why combining cannabis with alcohol causes significant impairment and why cannabis edibles may pose a heightened risk to traffic safety. We provide recommendations for clinicians counselling younger drivers about cannabis use and driving.

scholarly journals Role of Poverty in California Teenagers’ Fatal Traffic Crash Risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Males
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Teenagers’ high rates of motor vehicle crashes, accounting for 40% of external deaths among 16-19 yearolds, have been ascribed largely to inherent “adolescent risk-taking” and developmental hazards. However, the fact that compared to adults 25 and older, teenagers are twice as likely to live in poverty and low-income areas, risk factors for many types of violent death, has not been assessed. This paper uses Fatality Analysis Reporting System data on 65,173 fatal motor vehicle crashes by drivers in California’s 35 most populous counties for 1994-2007 to analyze fatal crash involvements per 100 million miles driven by driver age, county, poverty status, and 15 other traffic safety-related variables. Fatal crash rates were substantially higher for every driver age group in poorer counties than in richer ones. Multivariate regression found socioeconomic factors, led by the low levels of licensing and high unemployment rates prevalent in low-income areas, were associated with nearly 60% of the variance in motor vehicle crash risks, compared to 3% associated with driver age. The strong association between fatal crash risk and poverty, especially for young drivers who are concentrated in high-poverty brackets and low-income areas, suggests that factors related to poorer environments constitute a major traffic safety risk requiring serious attention.

scholarly journals Abnormal sleep duration and motor vehicle crash risk

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel S. Marshall ◽  
Warren Bolger ◽  
Philippa H. Gander
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Abnormal Sleep

What is the motor vehicle crash risk for drivers with epilepsy? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 101286
Author(s):  
Sjaan Koppel ◽  
Marilyn Di Stefano ◽  
Bleydy Dimech-Betancourt ◽  
Mohammed Aburumman ◽  
Rachel Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Vehicle Crash

scholarly journals Association of Photopic and Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity in older drivers with risk of motor vehicle collision using naturalistic driving data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Owsley ◽  
Thomas Swain ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Gerald McGwin ◽  
Mi Young Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Naturalistic Driving

Abstract Background Older drivers have a crash rate nearly equal to that of young drivers whose crash rate is the highest among all age groups. Contrast sensitivity impairment is common in older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine whether parameters from the photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) are associated with incident motor vehicle crash involvement by older drivers. Methods This study utilized data from older drivers (ages ≥60 years) who participated in the Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study, a prospective, population-based study. At baseline participants underwent photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity testing for targets from 1.5–18 cycles per degree. Model fitting generated area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and peak log sensitivity. Participant vehicles were instrumented with sensors that captured continuous driving data when the vehicle was operating (accelerometers, global positioning system, forward radar, 4-channel video). They participated for 1–2 years. Crashes were coded from the video and other data streams by trained analysts. Results The photopic analysis was based on 844 drivers, and the mesopic on 854 drivers. Photopic AULCSF and peak log contrast sensitivity were not associated with crash rate, whether defined as all crashes or at-fault crashes only (all p > 0.05). Mesopic AULCSF and peak log sensitivity were associated with an increased crash rate when considered for all crashes (rate ratio (RR): 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06–1.72; RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.63, respectively) and at-fault crashes only (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.16–1.93; RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07–1.78, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that photopic contrast sensitivity testing may not help us understand future crash risk at the older-driver population level. Results highlight a previously unappreciated association between older adults’ mesopic contrast sensitivity deficits and crash involvement regardless of the time of day. Given the wide variability of light levels encountered in both day and night driving, mesopic vision tests, with their reliance on both cone and rod vision, may be a more comprehensive assessment of the visual system’s ability to process the roadway environment.

scholarly journals The Medical Referral Process and Motor-Vehicle Crash Risk for Drivers with Dementia

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davis ◽  
Cara Hamann ◽  
Brandon Butcher ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Referral Process ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Medical Referral

Cognitive and physical impairment can occur with dementia and reduce driving ability. In the United States, individual states have procedures to refer and evaluate drivers who may no longer be fit to drive. The license review process is not well understood for drivers with dementia. This study uses comprehensive data from the Iowa Department of Transportation to compare the referral process for drivers with and without dementia from January 2014 through November 2019. The likelihood of failing an evaluation test was compared between drivers with and without dementia using logistic regression. The risk of motor-vehicle crash after referral for review of driving ability was compared using a Cox proportional hazard model. Analysis controlled for the age and sex of the referred driver. Drivers with dementia performed worse on all tests evaluated except the visual screening test. After the referral process, the risk of crash was similar between those with and without dementia. Drivers with dementia were denied their license more frequently than referred drivers without dementia. However, drivers with dementia who successfully kept their license as a result of the license review process were not at an increased risk of crash compared to other referred drivers.

scholarly journals Can Adolescent Drivers' Motor Vehicle Crash Risk Be Reduced by Pre-Licensure Intervention?

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica H. Mirman ◽  
Allison E. Curry ◽  
Michael R. Elliott ◽  
Leann Long ◽  
Melissa R. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Adolescent Drivers

scholarly journals Novel Smartphone-Based Measures of Cell Phone Use While Driving in a Sample of Newly Licensed Adolescent Drivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine C. McDonald ◽  
Kristen Ward ◽  
Yanlan Huang ◽  
Douglas J. Wiebe ◽  
M. Kit Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Adolescent Drivers

Background. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of adolescent death. Cell phone use while driving is a contributor to adolescent motor vehicle crash risk. Objective and directly observable measures of cell phone use while driving are needed to implement interventions aimed at reducing cell phone–related crash risk. Aims. To describe novel smartphone-based measures of cell phone use while driving in a sample of newly licensed male and female adolescent drivers. Methods. Newly licensed adolescents in Pennsylvania installed a windshield-mounted device that pairs with a smartphone application to collect data on cell phone use while driving over 2 weeks during June 2016–October 2016. Descriptive statistics, independent t tests, and Wilcoxin Mann-Whitney U test were used to characterize handheld cell phone use (“unlock”) and call time while accounting for driving exposure. Results. Data from 16 adolescents (50% male) resulted in 5,624 miles in 705 trips, 964 cell phone unlocks, and 146.22 minutes of call time. Participants had a mean of 23.96 unlocks/100 miles ( SD = 22.97), 1.23 unlocks/trip ( SD = 0.96), and 4.87 unlocks/hour driven ( SD = 3.93). Males had significantly more unlocks/100 miles, unlocks at speed >25 mph/100 miles, unlocks/hour driven, and unlocks at speed > 25 mph/hour driven ( p < .05). Conclusions. Smartphone-based applications are an innovative means by which to collect continuous data on cell phone use while driving that can be used to better understand and intervene on this frequent behavior in newly licensed adolescent drivers.

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