The Mode of Action of Endosidin20 Differs from That of Other Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect

Abstract Endosidin20 (ES20) was recently identified as a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI) that targets the catalytic domain of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 6 (CESA6) and thus inhibits the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we characterized the effects of ES20 on the growth of other plant species and found that ES20 is a broad-spectrum plant growth inhibitor. We tested the inhibitory effects of previously characterized CBIs (isoxaben, indaziflam and C17) on the growth of Arabidopsis cesa6 mutants that have reduced sensitivity to ES20. We found that most of these mutants are sensitive to isoxaben, indaziflam and C17, indicating that these tested CBIs have a different mode of action than ES20. ES20 also has a synergistic inhibitory effect on plant growth when jointly applied with other CBIs, further confirming that ES20 has a different mode of action than isoxaben, indaziflam and C17. We demonstrated that plants carrying two missense mutations conferring resistance to ES20 and isoxaben can tolerate the dual inhibitory effects of these CBIs when combined. ES20 inhibits Arabidopsis growth in growth medium and in soil following direct spraying. Therefore, our results pave the way for using ES20 as a broad-spectrum herbicide, and for the use of gene-editing technologies to produce ES20-resistant crop plants.

scholarly journals Endosidin20 is a broad-spectrum cellulose synthesis inhibitor with an herbicidal function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor

AbstractCellulose is an important component of plant cell wall that controls anisotropic cell growth. Disruption of cellulose biosynthesis often leads to inhibited cell growth. Endosidin20 (ES20) was recently identified as a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI) that targets the catalytic domain of Arabidopsis cellulose synthase 6 (CESA6) to inhibit plant growth. Here, we characterized the effects of ES20 on the growth of some other plant species and found that ES20 is a broad-spectrum plant growth inhibitor. We compared the inhibitory effects of ES20 and other CBIs on the growth of cesa6 plants that have reduced sensitivity to ES20. We found that most of the cesa6 with reduced sensitivity to ES20 show normal inhibited growth by other CBIs. ES20 also shows synergistic inhibitory effect on plant growth when applied together with other CBIs. We show ES20 has a different mode of action than tested CBIs isoxaben, indaziflam and C17. ES20 not only inhibits Arabidopsis growth under tissue culture condition, it inhibits plant growth under soil condition after direct spraying. We demonstrate that plants carrying two missense mutations can tolerate dual inhibition by ES20 and isoxaben.One sentence summaryCellulose biosynthesis inhibitor Endosidin20 has synergistic effect with other cellulose synthesis inhibitors and has the potential to be used as a spray herbicide.

Growth-Inhibiting Properties of Xylem Exudate From Vitis vinifera

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Campbell ◽  
BR Loveys ◽  
VWK Lee ◽  
S Strother
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Xylem Exudate ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

An inhibitory effect on the growth of Lemna minor L. cultures has been demonstrated in xylem exudate from Vitis vinifera L. var. Waltham Cross bled from canes cut near the time of budburst. Most inhibitory activity was detected up to the time of maximal daily exudation, which corresponded closely with budburst. After this time the inhibitory activity rapidly disappeared. A similar pattern occurred in each of the 3 years of the study, 1988-1990. Using ultrafiltration, it was shown that most of the growth inhibitor activity of the crude exudate was located in the 0.5-10 kDa fraction. This fraction exhibited a seasonal variation in its bioactivity similar to that ofthe crude exudate samples. The 0.5-10 kDa fraction was found to contain abscisic acid but not in a sufficient quantity to account for the inhibitory effects. When chromatographically separated fractions corresponding to oligosaccharides were pooled, biological activity equivalent to that of the crude exudate was retained, which provides evidence that the inhibitor is possibly an oligosaccharide.

Effects of insulin, adenosine, and prostaglandin on alpha-adrenergic-stimulated respiration in brown adipocytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. C738-C743 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Schimmel ◽  
L. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Brown Adipocytes

The present study compared the effects of insulin, 2-chloroadenosine, and prostaglandin E2 as inhibitors of respiration in hamster brown adipocytes stimulated with either isoproterenol or phenylephrine. Addition of 2-chloroadenosine or prostaglandin E2 strongly antagonized isoproterenol-stimulated respiration; phenylephrine-stimulated respiration was also partially inhibited by 2-chloroadenosine and prostaglandin E2, but the extent of inhibition caused by these agents was not as great as when isoproterenol was used. Isoproterenol-stimulated respiration was inhibited by insulin, but phenylephrine-stimulated respiration was insensitive to the inhibitory effect of insulin. When brown adipocytes were pretreated with pertussis toxin, isoproterenol-stimulated respiration was enhanced, but phenylephrine-stimulated respiration was not significantly affected. The inhibitory effects of 2-chloroadenosine and prostaglandin E2 on isoproterenol-stimulated respiration were completely blocked by pertussis toxin, indicating that the mode of action of these inhibitory hormones was secondary to inhibition of adenylate cyclase and resultant inhibition of lipolysis. Prostaglandin E2 inhibition of phenylephrine-stimulated respiration was also abolished by pertussis toxin. In contrast, 2-chloroadenosine inhibition of phenylephrine-stimulated respiration persisted in adipocytes treated with pertussis toxin. These data suggest that phenylephrine stimulates respiration through a mechanism that is not altered by pertussis toxin and further that 2-chloroadenosine inhibition of isoproterenol- or phenylephrine-stimulated respiration can be dissociated.

scholarly journals Some Properties of a Plant Growth Inhibitor Present in Xylem Sap of Woody Species

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Da Vison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Coleoptile Section ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation

An ether-soluble, non-toxic inhibitor of plant growth was shown to be present in varying amounts in xylem sap from shoots of various woody species. Some chromatographic properties of the inhibitor are described. The inhibitor reduced growth of wheat coleoptile sections and lettuce hypocotyls, and inhibited germination of lett,uce and cress seeds. The inhibitor did not interact competitively with either auxin in the wheat coleoptile elongation test or with gibberellic acid in the lettuce hypocotyl test. Gibberellic acid did not overcome the inhibitory effect on seed germination. The inhibition of coleoptile section growth was reversed on transfer from inhibitor solution to sucrose solution.

scholarly journals Specific Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalisLys-Gingipain by DNA Vaccination Inhibit Bacterial Binding to Hemoglobin and Protect Mice from Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972-2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masae Kuboniwa ◽  
Atsuo Amano ◽  
Satoshi Shizukuishi ◽  
Ichiro Nakagawa ◽  
Shigeyuki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Bacterial Binding ◽  
Hemoglobin Binding ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

ABSTRACT Lys-gingipain (KGP), a lysine-specific cysteine proteinase, is one of the major virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here we examined the involvement of the catalytic domain of KGP (KGPcd) in hemoglobin binding by P. gingivalis, using a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) elicited by the administration of plasmid DNA encoding KGPcd or the catalytic domain of Arg-gingipain (RGPcd). The pSeq2A/kgp cd and pSeq2B/rgp cd plasmids were constructed by the ligation of kgp cd andrgp cd DNA fragments, respectively. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with each of these plasmids. pSeq2A/kgp cd elicited a strong response to recombinant KGPcd (rKGPcd), as well as to comparably produced rRGPcd-reactive antibodies. The serum antibodies elicited by pSecTag2B/rgp cd also cross-reacted with rKGPcd as well as rRGPcd. Anti-KGPcd IgG significantly inhibited hemoglobin binding by P. gingivalis. Furthermore, the inhibition of hemoglobin binding was markedly enhanced by a combination of anti-KGPcd and anti-fimbriae. Anti-RGPcd IgG showed a negligible inhibitory effect, while both anti-KGPcd and anti-RGPcd IgGs showed significant inhibitory effects on Lys- and Arg-specific proteolytic activities and on the growth of P. gingivalis under iron-restricted conditions where supplemented hemoglobin was the sole iron source. Immunized mice were challenged by intraperitoneal inoculation with P. gingivalis. All nonimmunized mice died within 72 h; however, vaccination with pSeq2A/kgp cd and pSeq2B/rgp cd prevented inflammatory responses and prolonged the survival rate of immunized mice by 43 and 27%, respectively. These results suggest that KGPcd acts as a hemoglobin-binding protein and can also be useful as an immunogen inducing a protective response to P. gingivalis infection.

The inhibition effect of starch nanoparticles on tyrosinase activity and its mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4804-4815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Ranran Chang ◽  
Shengju Ge ◽  
Mei Zhao ◽  
Caifeng Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect

Starch nanoparticles exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and a synergistic inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and dopa oxidation was observed.

Effects of Different Nitrite Concentrations from a Vegetable Source with and without High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Recovery of Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Restructured Ham

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS A. LAVIERI ◽  
JOSEPH G. SEBRANEK ◽  
JOSEPH C. CORDRAY ◽  
JAMES S. DICKSON ◽  
ASHLEY M. HORSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
Agar Layer ◽  
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect

Sodium nitrite exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various nitrite concentrations from a vegetable source with and without high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the recovery and growth of L. monocytogenes on ready-to-eat restructured ham. A preconverted celery powder was used as the vegetable source of nitrite. Targeted concentrations of natural nitrite investigated were 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg. HHP treatments evaluated were 400 MPa for 4 min and 600 MPa for 1 or 4 min at 12 ± 2°C (initial temperature of the pressurization fluid). Viable L. monocytogenes populations were monitored on modified Oxford medium and thin agar layer medium through 98 days of storage at 4 ± 1°C. Populations on both media did not differ. The HHP treatment at 600 MPa for 4 min resulted in L. monocytogenes populations below the detection limit of our sampling protocols throughout the storage period regardless of the natural nitrite concentration. The combination of HHP at 400 MPa for 4 min or 600 MPa for 1 min with natural nitrite resulted in initial inhibition of viable L. monocytogenes. Ham formulations that did not contain natural nitrite allowed faster growth of L. monocytogenes than did those with nitrite, regardless of whether they were treated with HHP. The results indicate that nitrite from a vegetable source at the concentrations used in this study resulted in slower growth of this microorganism. HHP treatments enhanced the inhibitory effects of natural nitrite on L. monocytogenes growth. Thus, the combination of natural nitrite plus HHP appears to have a synergistic inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes growth.

In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Rand ◽  
Peter L Gross ◽  
Donna M Jakowec ◽  
Marian A Packham ◽  
J Fraser Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

Inhibition of ADP-Induced Responses in Human Platelets by Agents Elevating the Cyclic AMP Level: Comparison of Aggregation and Shape Change

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vider M Steen ◽  
Holm Holmsen
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Sequential Relationship

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of cAMP-elevating agents on shape change and aggregation in human platelets was studied to improve the understanding of the sequential relationship between these two responses.Human platelet-rich plasma was preincubated for 2 min at 37° C with prostaglandin E1 or adenosine, agents known to elevate the intracellular level of cAMP. Their inhibitory effects on ADP-induced shape change and aggregation were determined both separately and simultaneously. The dose-inhibition patterns for shape change and aggregation were similar for both PGE1 and adenosine. There was no distinct difference between the inhibitory action of these two inhibitors.These observations suggest that elevation of the intracellular concentration of cAMP interferes with an early step in the stimulus-response coupling that is common for aggregation and shape change.

The Inhibitory Effect of Heparin and Related Glycosaminoglycans on Neutrophil Chemotaxis

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Matzner ◽  
Gerard Marx ◽  
Ruth Drexler ◽  
Amiram Eldor
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemotactic Factor ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotaxis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chemotactic Factors

SummaryClinical observations have shown that heparin has antiinflammatory activities. The effect of heparin on neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated in vitro in the Boyden Chamber. This method enabled differentiation between the direct effects of heparin on neutrophil migration and locomotion, and its effects on chemotactic factors. Heparin inhibited both the random migration and directed locomotion of human neutrophils toward zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and F-met-leu-phe (FMLP). Inhibition was found to be dependent on the concentrations of the heparin and of the chemotactic factors. No specific binding of heparin to the neutrophils could be demonstrated, and heparin’s inhibitory effects were eliminated by simple washing of the cells. When added directly to the chamber containing chemotactic factor, heparin inhibited the chemotactic activity of ZAS but not that of FMLP, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect against C5a, the principal chemotactic factor in ZAS.Experiments performed with low-molecular-weight heparin, N-desulfated heparin, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and dextran indicated that the inhibitory effects of heparin on neutrophil chemotaxis are not related to its anticoagulant activity, but probably depend on the degree of sulfation of the heparin molecule.

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