scholarly journals Starch Content in Leaf Sheath Controlled by CO2-Responsive CCT Protein is a Potential Determinant of Photosynthetic Capacity in Rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryutaro Morita ◽  
Kanako Inoue ◽  
Ken-ichi Ikeda ◽  
Tomoko Hatanaka ◽  
Shuji Misoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Potential Determinant

Relationship between Starch Accumulation and Activities of the Related Enzymes in the Leaf Sheath as a Temporary Sink Organ in Rice (Oryza sativa)

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshito Watanabe ◽  
Yasunori Nakamura ◽  
Ryuichi Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
The Relationship

The starch stored temporarily in the leaf sheath of rice plants is translocated to the grain, contributing to the grain yield. In this paper, the relationship between starch accumulation and the activities of enzymes involved in the starch biosynthetic pathway in the leaf sheaths of rice plants was examined to elucidate the regulation mechanism of starch accumulation in the temporary sink organ. When the starch content was compared between different leaf sheath positions on the main stem, the 14th leaf sheath counted from the bottom, which elongated just before anthesis, showed about a four-fold higher value than the 10th leaf sheath. Among the enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, the activity of starch branching enzyme (BE, EC2.4.1.18) was greatly higher in the 14th leaf sheath than in the 10th leaf sheath, while that of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (EC2.7.7.27) was similar between the two leaf sheaths. The starch content increased rapidly in the period around anthesis in the 12th and 14th leaf sheaths, but did not in the 10th and 11th leaf sheath. In the higher leaf sheath position, the activity of BE changed with noticeably similar trend to the starch content. Soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21) and plastidial fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase, EC3.1.3.11) were also significantly correlated with the starch content. These results suggest that BE is involved in regulation of starch metabolism, possibly in collaboration with other enzymes such as SSS, GBSS and plastidial FBPase in temporary sink organs like the leaf sheath.

Effects of sulfate-starvation and re-supply on growth, NH4+ uptake and starch metabolism in Chlorella sorokiniana

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittoria Di Martino Rigano ◽  
Vincenza Vona ◽  
Simona Carfagna ◽  
Sergio Esposito ◽  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Cysteine Content

Chlorella sorokinianaShihira & Krauss, strain 211/8K resuspended in a illuminated mediumshowed continuous growth, and concomitantly NH4 +in the medium depleted at a constant rate. Upon sulfate removal, i) growthdeclined, ceasing within 5 h; ii) NH4 + depletionbecame almost undetectable over 2 h; and iii) photosynthetic capacity (Pc) wasreduced over 24 h by 80% in the light, but was reduced by only30% in darkness. Over 24 h of S starvation the chlorophyll content ofilluminated cells decreased by 50%, whereas that of darkened cellsdecreased by only 10%. Sulfate-deprivation over 24 h resulted in anoticeable increase in the starch content of the cell and a net increase inthe pools of glutamate, glutamine, serine and asparagine. Cysteine content, incontrast, was decreased. Sulfate addition to cells starved of S for 24 hprovoked a sudden time-dependent increase in Pc and in an immediate renewal ofgrowth in light but not in darkness. Sulphate supply also caused a suddenenhancement of respiratory oxygen consumption and a prompt degradation ofstarch. Starch was degraded at a higher rate in illuminated than in darkenedcells. After the S addition, depletion of NH4 + inthe medium occurred at slowly increasing rates; amino acids decreasednoticeably over 4 h, where in contrast, cysteine increased noticeably.

Productivity of potato of sprint variety, depending on the nutrition background on gray forest steppe soil of Middle Volga

10.12737/6538 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Гареев ◽  
Ilgiz Gareev ◽  
Владимиров ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirov ◽  
Владимиров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Middle Volga

The authors revealed the role of fertilizers, under the influence of which, there was a significant increase in the crops productivity. Fertilizers, applied in the calculation of the planned harvest of 25-40 t/ha of tubers, significantly increased photosynthetic activity of potato plants. Leaf area increased to 3.6-15.4 thousand square meter per hectare, the amount of leaf photosynthetic capacity during the growing season at 314-1252 thousand square meter × day per hectare, Leaves productivity to 1 thousand units of photosynthetic capacity to 13.6-29.6 kg of tubers, the coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation to 0.55-1.28%. According to the effective fertility, the productivity of tubers without the fertilizers use was 15.53 t/ha. Fertilizer application, based on the upcoming harvest tubers of 25 and 30 t/ha, provided for producing such crops. The productivity of 35.0 t/ha, on average for almost three years, has been obtained, the harvest shortfall was only 0.21 t/ha or 0.60%. On the background, calculated on productivity of 40.0 t/ha of tubers, it was lower to 3.02 t/ha or 7.55%. Maximum starch content (19.4%) was obtained on the background of which is intended to yield of 30 t/ha. The nitrate content in all versions of the experiment were below the maximum allowable concentration, although there was an rise in their number in the tubers with increasing standards of fertilizers. Marketability of the crop with increasing nutrition background was increased to 1.6-8.0%.

Changes in growth and photosynthetic capacity of rice with increased UV-B radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Teramura ◽  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
A. Ester Sztein
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity

Cracking at the fold in double layer coated paper: the influence of latex and starch composition

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
SEYYED MOHAMMAD HASHEMI NAJAFI ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD, ◽  
MEHDI TAJVIDI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Packaging Paper

Cracking at the fold of publication and packaging paper grades is a serious problem that can lead to rejection of product. Recent work has revealed some basic mechanisms and the influence of various parameters on the extent of crack area, but no studies are reported using coating layers with known mechanical properties, especially for double-coated systems. In this study, coating layers with different and known mechanical properties were used to characterize crack formation during folding. The coating formulations were applied on two different basis weight papers, and the coated papers were folded. The binder systems in these formulations were different combinations of a styrene-butadiene latex and mixtures of latex and starch for two different pigment volume concentrations (PVC). Both types of papers were coated with single and double layers. The folded area was scanned with a high-resolution scanner while the samples were kept at their folded angle. The scanned images were analyzed within a constant area. The crack areas were reported for different types of papers, binder system and PVC values. As PVC, starch content, and paper basis weight increased, the crack area increased. Double layer coated papers with high PVC and high starch content at the top layer had more cracks in comparison with a single layer coated paper, but when the PVC of the top layer was low, cracking area decreased. No measurable cracking was observed when the top layer was formulated with a 100% latex layer.

Co-expression of AGPS and AGPL genes encoded for AGPase from cassava to enhance starch accumulation in transgenic tobacco

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Đoài ◽  
Nguyễn Minh Hồng ◽  
Lê Thu Ngọc ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Thơm ◽  
Nguyễn Đình Trọng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Plant Expression Vector ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The AGPase (ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase) is one of the ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing the first step in starch biosynthesis. It plays an important role in regulation and adjusts the speed of the entire cycle of glycogen biosynthesis in bacteria and starch in plants. In higher plants, it is a heterotetramer and tetrameric enzyme consisting two large subunits (AGPL) and two small subunits (AGPS) and encoded by two genes. In this paper, both AGPS and AGPL genes were sucessfully isolated from cassava varieties KM140 and deposited in Genbank with accession numbers KU243124 (AGPS) and KU243122 (AGPL), these two genes were fused with P2a and inserted into plant expression vector pBI121 under the control of 35S promoter. The efficient of this construct was tested in transgenic N. tabacum. The presence and expression of AGPS and AGPL in transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and Western hybridization. The starch content was quantified by the Anthrone method. Transgenic plant analysis indicated that that two targeted genes were expressed simultaneously in several transgenic tobacco lines under the control of CaMV 35S promoter.  The starch contents in 4 analyzed tobacco transgenic lines displays the increase 13-116%  compared to WT plants. These results indicated that the co-expression of AGPS and AGPL is one of effective strategies for enhanced starch production in plant. These results can provide a foundation for developing other genetically modified crops to increase starch accumulation capacity.

PEMANFAATAN FERMENTASI REBUNG UNTUK BAHAN SUPLEMEN PANGAN DAN TEPUNG SERAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Taruna Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Content ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Bamboo Shoots

One of the solutions to fulfill  the food sustainability is diversification of local food. One of the local food that potential to be used and processed is bamboo shoots. In South Kalimantan, the potential of bamboo as a producer of bamboo shoot plants with an estimated total area of 2158 hectares with a potential of 6 million stems. To increase the value and health of bamboo shoots can be made with fermentation. Fermentation is done by two methods, enzimatic fermentation and spontaneous fermentation. The results of the highest crude fiber obtained in spontaneous fermentation of bamboo shoots Haur 44.46% while the highest starch content present in fermented bamboo shoots Paring stater of 13.91%. Metal content, everything is still fulfill the quality standard. Flour bamboo shoots can be used as food supplements or raw materials of fiber flour.Keywords: bamboo shoots,  fermentation, fiber flour

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