Low-dose aspirin use and cancer-specific mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

ABSTRACT Background Considering the increased risk of bleeding caused by aspirin, and the observed benefit in all-cause mortality may be due to an improvement in cardiovascular-related mortality. We carried out this meta-analysis to estimate the association of low-dose aspirin use and risk of cancer-specific mortality. Methods We searched the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for all articles within a range of published years from 1980 to 2018. Results Finally, 13 published cohort studies with 65 768 patients were available for estimating overall risk of cancer-specific mortality associating with post-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use, and 4 cohort studies were available for pre-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use with 16 654 patients. Overall, statistical evidence of significantly decreased cancer-specific mortality was found to be associated with post-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.93), but not with pre-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use. In terms of subgroup analyses by cancer type, post-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use was significantly with decreased cancer-specific mortality for digestive tract cancer including colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that post-diagnosis but not pre-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use may reduce cancer-specific mortality.

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The Risk of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in Low-Dose Aspirin Users with Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/9824615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yashuo Wang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Yunyang Wang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Low Dose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Quality Data ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Dose Aspirin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Dose Aspirin ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background. Our aim was to assess the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage associated with diabetes among patients taking low-dose aspirin (≤325 mg/day). Methods. A systematic search was conducted for publication in English and Chinese using term equivalents for “GI hemorrhage”, “aspirin”, and “diabetes mellitus” up till April 2020. Electronic databases include PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. Two independent authors searched databases and reviewed abstracts for comprehensive studies keeping adequate study quality. Data of weighted odds ratios were statistically evaluated and potential bias was checked. Results. Among 446 publications, eight case-control researches, including 1601 patients, were deemed for this meta-analysis. Patients with diabetes were associated with a higher risk of GI hemorrhage than patients without diabetes: the summary ORs were 3.10 (95% CI, 2.35–4.09). The heterogeneity of the reports was not significant (Chi2=3.39, P=0.85; I2=0%). Conclusion. The meta-analysis showed that aspirin users with diabetes were more likely to have GI hemorrhage. Hence, when treating diabetics with aspirin, the increased risk of GI bleeding should be taken in consideration.

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Allostatic Load in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Mini Meta-Analysis

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800420969898 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109980042096989

Author(s):

Asha Mathew ◽

Ardith Z. Doorenbos ◽

Hongjin Li ◽

Min Kyeong Jang ◽

Chang Gi Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Research ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cancer History ◽

Tumor Pathology ◽

Post Traumatic Growth ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Background: Individuals with cancer experience stress throughout the cancer trajectory. Allostatic load (AL), a cumulative multi-system measure, may have a greater value in stress assessment and the associated biological burden than individual biomarkers. A better understanding of the use of AL and its operationalization in cancer could aid in early detection and prevention or alleviation of AL in this population. Purpose: To consolidate findings on the operationalization, antecedents, and outcomes of AL in cancer. Methods: Seven databases (CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL) were searched for articles published through April 2020. The NIH tools were used to assess study quality. Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Although variability existed in the estimation of AL, biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems were mostly used. Associations of AL with cancer-specific variables were examined mostly utilizing population-databases. Significant associations of AL with variables such as cancer-related stress, positive cancer history, post traumatic growth, resilience, tumor pathology, and cancer-specific mortality were found. Mini meta-analysis found that a one-unit increase in AL was associated with a 9% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality. Conclusion: This review reveals heterogeneity in operationalization of AL in cancer research and lack of clarity regarding causal direction between AL and cancer. Nevertheless, AL holds a significant promise in cancer research and practice. AL could be included as a screening tool for high-risk individuals or a health outcome in cancer. Optimal standardized approaches to measure AL would improve its clinical utility.

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials to Ascertain Fatal Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events Attributable to Preventive Low-Dose Aspirin: No Evidence of Increased Risk

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0166166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e0166166 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Peter C. Elwood ◽

Gareth Morgan ◽

Julieta Galante ◽

John W. K. Chia ◽

Sunil Dolwani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽

Low Dose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Randomised Trials ◽

Bleeding Events ◽

Dose Aspirin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Dose Aspirin

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Aspirin Use on Incident Dementia and Mild Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2020.578071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Li ◽

Wan Li ◽

Xun Zhang ◽

Xiao-Chuan Ma ◽

Rong-Wei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Low Dose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pool Data ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Dose Aspirin ◽

Low Dose Aspirin

Background: More people with cognitive dysfunction and dementia also fall into the category of high vascular risk, for which aspirin is one of the most frequently used drugs. However, previous studies reporting that aspirin buffers against mild cognitive decline (MCI) and dementia remain controversial. We thus conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of aspirin use with the risk of MCI and dementia in older adults.Methods: Data sources from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database for randomized controlled trails (RCTs) and cohort studies (published between January 1, 2000 and April 11, 2020). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to pool data on the occurrence of dementia and MCI with random-effects models.Results: Of 3,193 identified articles, 15 studies (12 cohort studies and three RCTs) were eligible and were included in our analysis, which involved a total of 100,909 participants without cognitive dysfunctions or dementia at baseline. In pooled cohort studies, aspirin use did not reduce the incidence of MCI and dementia (the pooled RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.85–1.11; Ifor heterogeneity2 = 65%) compared with non-users. However, low-dose aspirin (75–100 mg/day) was associated with a decreased likelihood of developing dementia or MCI (the pooled RR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.63–0.9; Ifor heterogeneity2 = 50.5%). This association existed in studies including all-cause dementia (the pooled RR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.71–0.96) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (the pooled RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.33–0.89), but not in MCI (the pooled RR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.31–1.08). In RCTs, low-dose aspirin use was not significantly associated with less prevalence of dementia or MCI (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.84–1.05; Ifor heterogeneity2 = 0.0%).Conclusions: In cohort studies, we found that low-dose aspirin use had a higher likelihood of reducing the incidence of dementia, which was not supported by RCTs. The evidence was insufficient to fully evaluate the effect of aspirin on cognitive function and dementia. Well-designed studies and innovative approaches are therefore needed to clarify whether the use of aspirin improves cognitive function and reduces the risk of dementia.

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Active Prescription of Low-dose Aspirin During or Prior to Hospitalization and Mortality in COVID-19 — A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adjusted Effect Estimates

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Januar Wibawa Martha ◽

Raymond Pranata ◽

Michael Anthonius Lim ◽

Arief Wibowo ◽

Mohammad Rizki Akbar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Dose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dose Aspirin ◽

Low Dose Aspirin

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The association between XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 34 case–control studies

BMC Medical Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12920-021-00965-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weiqing Liu ◽

Shumin Ma ◽

Lei Liang ◽

Zhiyong Kou ◽

Hongbin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Large Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Studies on the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism show that this polymorphism is involved in a variety of cancers, but its specific relationships or effects are not consistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between rs1799794 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for eligible studies through June 11, 2019. All analyses were performed with Stata 14.0. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type, ethnicity, source of control, and detection method. A total of 37 studies with 23,537 cases and 30,649 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results XRCC3 rs1799794 increased cancer risk in the dominant model and heterozygous model (GG + AG vs. AA: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.08, P = 0.051; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.015). The existence of rs1799794 increased the risk of breast cancer and thyroid cancer, but reduced the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, rs1799794 increased the risk of cancer in the Caucasian population. Conclusion This meta-analysis confirms that XRCC3 rs1799794 is related to cancer risk, especially increased risk for breast cancer and thyroid cancer and reduced risk for ovarian cancer. However, well-designed large-scale studies are required to further evaluate the results.

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