Reversed accounting: legal professionals, families and the gender wealth gap in France

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Bessière
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
Marital Breakdown ◽  
Wealth Gap ◽  
Female Clients

AbstractThis article describes how legal professionals and families contribute to the widening, legitimation and concealment of the gender wealth gap. It is based on ethnographic observation, study of legal files and statistical data on gender wealth inequality in France. Despite formally equal law, family wealth arrangements in moments of estate planning and marital breakdown tend to reproduce gender inequality. The main legal professionals involved are lawyers and notaries. In their interactions with family members, they carry out reversed accounting, a logic of practice in which the result comes first and computation comes after. As families and legal professionals strive to preserve real estate and businesses, or to minimize taxes, they produce inventories, estimations and distributions of assets which disadvantage women, even though shares appear to be formally equal. Female legal professionals, as well as female clients, may endorse this concern, and thus, also unwittingly contribute to the gender wealth gap.

Framing, Context, and the Misperception of Black-White Wealth Inequality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson ◽  
Jennifer Richeson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Black Family ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Wealth Gap ◽  
Scale Experiment

In one large-scale experiment using US respondents on MTurk (N = 2,899), we studied how subtle differences in framing and context impact estimates of the Black-White wealth gap. Across our 10 different experimental manipulations of framing and context, respondents consistently overestimated Black family wealth relative to White wealth. There was also substantial variation in the magnitude of these wealth estimates, which ranged from a low of 35 to a high of over 60 percentage points across the conditions. Overestimates were largest when respondents were asked about the Black-White wealth gap at both past and present time points and closest to accuracy when respondents used images as pictorial comparisons for White and Black wealth. Overall, while framing and context certainly affect the magnitude of misperception, the tendency to overestimate racial wealth equality is extremely robust.

Framing, Context, and the Misperception of Black–White Wealth Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110209
Author(s):  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Sa-kiera T. J. Hudson ◽  
Jennifer A. Richeson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Black Family ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Wealth Gap ◽  
Scale Experiment

In one large-scale experiment using U.S. respondents on Mechanical Turk ( N = 2,899), we studied how subtle differences in framing and context impacted estimates of the Black–White wealth gap. Across our 10 different experimental manipulations of framing and context, respondents consistently overestimated Black family wealth relative to White wealth. There was also substantial variation in the magnitude of these wealth estimates, which ranged from a low of 35 to a high of over 60 percentage points across the conditions. Overestimates were largest when respondents were asked about the Black–White wealth gap at both past and present time points and closest to accuracy when respondents used images as pictorial comparisons for White and Black wealth. Overall, while framing and context certainly affect the magnitude of this misperception, the tendency to overestimate racial wealth equality is extremely robust.

scholarly journals Growing Wealth Gaps in Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian T. Pfeffer
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
College Attainment ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Wealth Gap ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment

Prior research on trends in educational inequality has focused chiefly on changing gaps in educational attainment by family income or parental occupation. In contrast, this contribution provides the first assessment of trends in educational attainment by family wealth and suggests that we should be at least as much concerned about growing wealth gaps in education. Despite overall growth in educational attainment and some signs of decreasing wealth gaps in high school attainment and college access, I find a large and rapidly increasing wealth gap in college attainment between cohorts born in the 1970 and 1980s, respectively. This growing wealth gap in higher educational attainment co-occurred with a rise in inequality in children’s wealth backgrounds, though the analyses also suggest that the latter does not fully account for the former. Nevertheless, the results reported here raise concerns about the distribution of educational opportunity among today’s children who grow up in a context of particularly extreme wealth inequality.

scholarly journals The Impact of Past Pandemics on Economic and Gender Inequalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Brzezinski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates how previous major pandemic events affected economic and gender inequalities in the short- to medium run. We consider the impact of six major pandemic episodes – H3N2 Flu (1968), SARS (2003), H1N1 Swine Flu (2009), MERS (2012), Ebola (2014), and Zika (2016) – on cross-country inequalities in a sample of up to 180 countries observed over 1950-2019. Results show that the past pandemics have moderately increased income inequality in the affected countries in the period of four to five years after the pandemic’s start. On the other hand, we do not find any robust negative impacts on wealth inequality. The results concerning gender inequality are less consistent, but we find some evidence of declining gender equality among the hardest hit countries, as well as of growing gender gaps in unemployment within the four years after the onset of the pandemic.

Select, Display, and Sell

LOGOS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Ann Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Ethnographic Observation

Bookshops are one of the most visible places for books in public space. No bookshop can ever offer every book available; rather it is in its selection that each bookshop is unique. Value, writes Michael Bhaskar in Curation (2016), no longer resides in access, but in curation—in selecting and arranging. The article argues that curating practices in bookshops can be mapped from four main aspects: space, selection, display, and experience. In order to understand the day-to-day practices in a bookshop, and the different form of curation that takes place, an ethnographic observation study was performed. The results in this study point to the bookshop being a place where more than books are sold: there is also selling the experience and sensation of being in a bookshop. In the borderlands of culture and commerce, bookshops are important curators of books.

scholarly journals The Impact of Past Pandemics on Economic and Gender Inequalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Brzezinski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates how previous major pandemic events affected economic and gender inequalities in the short- to medium run. We consider the impact of six major pandemic episodes - H3N2 Flu (1968), SARS (2003), H1N1 Swine Flu (2009), MERS (2012), Ebola (2014), and Zika (2016) - on cross-country inequalities in a sample of up to 180 countries observed over 1950-2019. Results show that the past pandemics have moderately increased income inequality in the affected countries in the period of four to five years after the pandemic's start. On the other hand, we do not find any robust negative impacts on wealth inequality. The results concerning gender inequality are less consistent, but we find some evidence of declining gender equality among the hardest hit countries, as well as of growing gender gaps in unemployment within the four years after the onset of the pandemic.

The Pay Gap between Male and Female Jobs: Organizational and Legal Realities

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 913-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula England
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Judicial Decisions

Legalizing Gender Inequality results from a decade of research in which Robert Nelson, a sociologist of law, combined forces with William Bridges, a sociologist who has studied labor markets. This combination led to an unusual and creative approach. The authors chose four class-action court cases involving sex discrimination in pay, and did in-depth studies of the judicial decisions, testimony, exhibits, and depositions from each. They also obtained and reanalyzed statistical data sets involved in the cases and, where possible, interviewed key actors.

scholarly journals An Economic Perspective on the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth Inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-400
Author(s):  
Kefei Lyu ◽  
Xiaoxuan Niu ◽  
Yucheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
Basic Understanding

Intergenerational transmission of wealth is a long-standing component of society. With the current accelerated economic development, the forms of wealth transmission and the ways in which it affects individuals’ lives have gradually become more complicated. In this article, we explore the economic performance and basic flow patterns of intergenerational transmission. We first discuss the key factors of personal and family wealth accumulation. We then consider how social performance affects the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission and the macro-channels of the current transmission mode. Finally, while intergenerational transmission is widespread in society, its importance has not attracted widespread attention from socioeconomic researchers and this paper makes suggestions for further study of the phenom ena. Our main conclusion is that in current society, intergenerational transmission both directly and indirectly influences the lives of members of society in multiple ways, such as through income, employment and education. If a basic understanding of the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission can be established, it will assist people in making relevant decisions more scientifically and allow them to have a fairer life experience.

Employee Ownership: Structuring Opportunities for Racial Wealth Building and Family Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942110230
Author(s):  
Janet Boguslaw ◽  
Tanya Smith Brice
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Racial Wealth Gap ◽  
Wealth Gap ◽  
Black Employees ◽  
Wealth Building

Policies and practices of the 19th and 20th centuries have had a lasting impact into this century. This is most evident when examining racialized wealth inequality between Black and White families. This study of low-income employee owners examines the following questions: (1) Does employee ownership reduce the racial wealth gap? (2) How does employee ownership reduce the racial wealth gap, and (3) To what effect does employee ownership reduce the racial wealth gap? Findings indicate employee ownership impacts wealth building, advancement opportunities, and family economic security among Black employees and other marginalized populations. Policy and practice implications to advance employee ownership to address racial wealth inequality are highlighted.

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