Erratum: Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Perfusion for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Paper link corrected: https://bonoi.org/index.php/si/article/view/636 It has been brought to authors attention that there is a missing part in “Materials and Methods” of the Systematic Review article by Xiao et al., entitled “Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Perfusion for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” in the Volume 39, No. 4 of Science Insights (pp.363-373). The missing part of the “Materials and Methods” is as below: Population: Patients with IC/BPS.Intervention: All patients underwent intravesical HA and/or CS treatment regimen.Comparison: Improvement in symptoms pre-treatment and post-treatment or other treatment regimen.Outcome: The primary outcome was the change in visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain symptom from baseline to the follow-up period; secondary outcomes were the changes in total scores of the O’Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI) and Problem Index (ICPI), storage symptoms including frequency and urgency, and bladder capacity.

Equilibrium Psychology of “Equality-Inequality”: Cause or Effect?

Inequality is everywhere. The psychological balance of individuals who experience internal and external environments depicts the resilient capability. The equilibrium state of “equality-inequality” showcases causal-effect in psychological health and contributes to the inequality inheritance passed on to the next generations.

Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality in Psychological Health

Intergenerational transmission explains the continuity in behavior and personality of individuals across generations due to genetic as well as non-genetic causes. Both determinants affect individuals and increase their susceptibility to develop psychological health problems similar to the ones experienced by their parents. Psychological health of offsprings is impacted by their parents’ mental illness which causing children to be unable to adequately and positively contribute to their children’s healthy development. Extensive literature review depicts intergenerational transmission of various psychological conditions ranging from PTSD, depression, anxiety, conduct issues or even schizophrenia, among many others. Proposed models offering explanation of Intergenerational Transmission point towards social learning theories, attachment theories, psychodynamic theories and Integrative theories which mentions an overlap between genetic and environmental factors to explain the transmission. Intervention strategies of early detection and intervention, working with the affected parents and including family in therapy have been discussed. Working on the parent-child relationship, building resilience, promoting building up of protective factors is also mentioned as intervention techniques. Finally, some limitations and directions of future researches have been proposed.

An Economic Perspective on the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth Inequality

Intergenerational transmission of wealth is a long-standing component of society. With the current accelerated economic development, the forms of wealth transmission and the ways in which it affects individuals’ lives have gradually become more complicated. In this article, we explore the economic performance and basic flow patterns of intergenerational transmission. We first discuss the key factors of personal and family wealth accumulation. We then consider how social performance affects the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission and the macro-channels of the current transmission mode. Finally, while intergenerational transmission is widespread in society, its importance has not attracted widespread attention from socioeconomic researchers and this paper makes suggestions for further study of the phenom ena. Our main conclusion is that in current society, intergenerational transmission both directly and indirectly influences the lives of members of society in multiple ways, such as through income, employment and education. If a basic understanding of the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission can be established, it will assist people in making relevant decisions more scientifically and allow them to have a fairer life experience.

On the Intergenerational Transmission of Health Inequality

Cumulating evidence from social science has indicated the intergenerational transmission of inequality is majorly derived from the economic imbalance. In line with this, the same thing happens in health, and emerging evidence has been documenting its transmissible property. No matter the genetic or non-genetic causes, health inequality inevitably plays its role in contributing to the underlying health-associated despoliation in life. Each individual shows an eventual health state where equality and inequality reach a time-dependent temporary condition in which the balancing point fluctuates back and forth. To promote the overall health status, it is crucial to promote and optimize the positive health characteristics to get equilibrium between positive and negative. This review discussed the underlying mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of health inequality by focusing on different types of contributors to the inequality and providing prospective insights into the potentially beneficial strategies that can optimize overall individual health.

The Effects of Intergenerational Transmission on Education

Intergenerational transmission exists in parents’ and children’s educational attainment as well as in biological genetic inheritance. In fact, it impacts educational attainment transfer across generations in many ways. This article elaborates from different angles on the characteristics, disparities and causes of intergenerational education transmission, and explores the effects of intergenerational transmission inequality on education and the implications of this study.

Take Action: Give A Hope to Minimize Inequality!

From equality to inequality, the equilibrium point fluctuates all the time. How to balance and minimize the negative impact of inequality on the individual’s socioeconomic, educational, psychological, and overall health is critical. Even it is of extremely difficult to realize the real equality, it is still worthwhile to take action to minimize the inequality.

Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Perfusion for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Currently, no suitable delivery methods are available for the drugs to interstitial cystitis/ bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Herein we systematically evaluated the therapeutic effects of intravesical infusion of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in patients with IC/BPS. This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCT) and self-controlled studies of IC/BPS patients treated with HA, CS, or both. English databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline were searched until up to January 31, 2021. Information was extracted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then meta-analysis was performed. Sixteen studies including 491 patients were included and analyzed. The responsive rate of treatment was 91.24%. In 3 RCTs, the analogue scale (VAS) for pain on fix-effect model was [mean difference, MD -0.57 (95%CI, -1.55, -0.41)]. A significant improvement on random-effect model was [MD -2.78 (95%CI, -3.48, -2.07)] in 13 self-controlled studies. Outcomes on O’Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index, Problem Index, frequency, urgency, and bladder capacity were also significantly improved. Subgroup analysis showed significant difference between HA, CS, and the combination, and the perfusion of HA was more effective (Z = 29.97, P < 0.01). Also, different follow-up times after last treatment showed significant difference (Z = 7.69, P < 0.01). It can be beneficial for IC/BPS patients who have not responded to conventional treatments.

Future of Scholarly Publishing: A Perspective

The academic publication takes on an increasingly relevant place to shape, on the one hand, the scholar’s prestige, and on the other, the prestige of the institution to which he or she is attached. In addition, academic publishing is vital for the development of scientific knowledge and the contribution to the community. This paper analyzes several dimensions that may be central to academic publishing in the near future. To this end, in methodological terms, a qualitative approach was favored, namely through the documentary analysis of scientific writings that analyze this topic. The results of this analysis reveal that this is a process in constant and accelerated development, but there will have to be criteria and processes for selecting what is scientifically relevant from what is called “noise” in scientific publishing. Increasing quality will have to be a fundamental element in this process.

A Development Perspective of Point-Based Computer Graphics

Every object has its characteristic shape, appearance and responses to physical interactions. Computer graphics center on those three components of an object to bring them onto the computer display. With the rapid development of three dimensional (3D) printing technology, the accuracy of the focused object’s geometry was put forward. Point-based graphing is a way to taking the role in rendering the huge 3D sampled data. Based on the digital geometry processing of point-sampled model, various algorithms were reviewed, and some related key techniques were compared with the potential perspective of the future work in this area was also presented．