Growth and Survival of Planted Northern Red Oak Seedlings in West Virginia

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The survival and growth of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings were studied in relation to top pruning, fertilizing, mulching, and the age and size of seedlings at planting time. Top pruning at one and two years after planting suppressed growth. Fertilizer—N, P, and combinations—and mulches did not produce a significant growth response. Seedlings of above average height at planting time retained their height advantage during the study. Survival of all ages of stock was high. Many seedlings attained a height of more than 6 feet seven years from seed, regardless of treatment, and it is expected that 30 to 50 percent of these will reach maturity.

Effect of Simulated Insect Damage on Growth and Survival of Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Wright ◽  
Richard W. Hall ◽  
John W. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival

scholarly journals Tree Shelters Reduced Growth and Survival of Underplanted Red Oak Seedlings in Southern Iowa

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bardon ◽  
David W. Countryman ◽  
Richard B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A major concern in the management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the difficulty in regenerating stands that have dense understories of shade tolerant species. A replicated study in southern Iowa indicated that over a 5 yr period, tree shelters have a major impact on establishment of underplanted, 1-0, northern red oak bareroot stock. Sheltered seedlings had increased height growth during the first 3 growing seasons. But during the next 2 growing seasons, annual height growth of sheltered seedlings declined to a level of annual height growth similar to that of nonsheltered seedlings. After 5 growing seasons, sheltered seedlings were approximately 30 cm taller than nonsheltered seedlings. Sheltered and nonsheltered seedlings were one-third to two-thirds the height of the shelters. At the end of the fifth growing season, total mortality for sheltered seedlings was 40 and 55%, whereas for nonsheltered seedlings, mortality was 26 and 28% at the McNay and Stephens sites, respectively. Tree shelters may be a viable alternative in open areas (e.g., clearcuts or plantations), but in this study, tree shelters reduced both growth and survival when used to protect underplanted, 1-0, red oak seedlings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):103-107.

Survival and growth of understory trees in oak forests of the Hudson Highlands, New York

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Red Oaks ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Understory Trees

Mortality and growth rates of trees in various crown classes and size classes were analyzed from 40-year permanent plot records of slope and ravine forest dominated by chestnut oak (Quercusprinus L.) and northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.). Average 5-year mortality rates for suppressed trees ≥2.5 cm dbh of chestnut oak and red oak in the slope forest were 26 and 45%, respectively. None of the suppressed red oaks survived the 40-year period, compared with 14% of the chestnut oaks and 33% of the red maples (Acerrubrum L.). Mortality of oak trees in the intermediate crown class was less than half that of suppressed trees, but still much higher than that of maples and birches on the tracts. Survival was reasonably high for oaks as long as the top of the crown was receiving direct sunlight, but the expected 40-year survival rate of red oaks in such a position is only 20%, with an average growth rate of 1.0 mm in diameter per year. Curves and equations expressing average mortality and growth rates at various levels of competition are presented for each species.

scholarly journals Spray deposition inside multiple-row nursery trees with a laser-guided sprayer1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
Hengyu Liu ◽  
R. H. Zondag
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa

Abstract Multiple-row container-grown trees require specially designed sprayers to achieve efficient spray delivery. A five-port air-assisted sprayer with both automatic and manual control modes was developed to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row trees. The sprayer resulted from integration of a high-speed laser-scanning sensor with a sophisticated nozzle flow control system, an embedded computer with a touch screen, a Doppler speed sensor, a specially-designed algorithm and an air-assisted sprayer base. It was able to detect target tree presence and measure target tree size, shape and leaf density. The sprayer then controlled the spray output of each nozzle to match tree structures. The sprayer was tested for its sprayer deposition quality inside canopies in a four-row sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench) field and another six-row northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) field. Tests were conducted with the sprayer in variable-rate application (VRA) and constant-rate application (CRA) modes. The average spray deposit on foliage of trees was 1.37±0.47 μL cm−2 from VRA and 1.29±0.42 μL cm−2 from CRA in linden, and was 2.15±0.57 μL cm−2 from VRA and 2.72±0.94 μL cm−2 from CRA in red oak, respectively. In comparison, spray coverage on foliage of trees was 19.8±3.0% from VRA and 20.9±4.3% from CRA in the linden trial, and was 27.9±3.7% from VRA and 30.5±5.4% from CRA, respectively, in the red oak trial. The newly developed air-assisted sprayer in both VRA and CRA modes would be able to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row tree plants while conserving pesticide. Index words: environmental protection, pest control, pesticide, precision sprayer, spray coverage. Species used in this study: sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).

Performance of Northern Red Oak Planting Stock

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Zaczek ◽  
Kim C. Steiner ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract Northern red oak planting trials were established in three clearcuts in Pennsylvania to evaluate field performance in relation to type of planting stock (1-0, 2-0, 1-1, 2-1, containerized direct-seeded) and other treatments (undercutting in the nursery, top-clipping at planting time, hormone treatment of roots). All treatments were planted simultaneously, and most employed the same genetic material. After 3 yr in the field, seedlings that had been grown for 2 yr in 7.9-1 pots were tallest and had the best survival, but this stock was expensive to produce and difficult to plant. The 2-0 bareroot stock performed best among remaining treatments, especially if the seedlings had been undercut in the nursery. Undercutting was not beneficial to the performance of 1-0 seedlings. Top-clipping and a hormone treatment had little effect on performance. Seedlings from direct-seeding were as tall as those from 1-0 stock. The advantage of 2-0 stock over 1-0 stock was partly, but not entirely, attributable to its larger size. North. J. Appl. For. 10(3):105-111.

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