Field Performance of Container-Grown Loblolly Pine Seedlings with Specific Ectomycorrhizae on a Reforestation Site In South Carolina

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ruehle
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Container-grown loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) with Pisolithus tinctorius, Thelephora terrestris, or no ectomycorrhizae (control) were outplanted on a South Carolina reforestation site. Two years after planting, seedlings initially colonized with Pisolithus or Thelephora had greater survival, height, and root collar diameter than control seedlings. Growth data were integrated into seedling volume indices (D²H). Seedlings with ectomycorrhizae at planting had nearly a three-fold greater D²H than seedlings initially without ectomycorrhizae. These results provided additional field validation for the hypothesis regarding benefits of ectomycorrhizae on this type of planting stock.

New-Ground Syndrome: An Ectomycorrhizal Deficiency in Pine Nurseries

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
R. J. Mitchell ◽  
R. K. Dixon ◽  
Mark Vedder
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract In July 1986, stunted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were studied at a nursery in Union Springs, Alabama. Stunted seedlings were found only in seedbeds formed on new ground (soil having no history of producing a nursery crop of ectomycorrhizal tree seedlings). The stunted seedlings were either nonmycorrhizal or had extremely low levels of ectomycorrhizae, whereas nonstunted seedlings had a greater degree of ectomycorrhizal development. Stunted seedlings were deficient in phosphorus (0.07%), whereas nonstunted seedlings had sufficient phosphorus (0.15%). An application of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to stunted seedlings increased shoot phosphorus and resulted in substantial growth improvement. The phosphorus application reduced the percentage of cull seedlings (root-collar diameter <3.2 mm) from 62% to 8%. This study also demonstrates that when a seedbed is formed on new ground, ectomycorrhizal deficiencies can occur even when ectomycorrhizal tree hosts are present in the immediate vicinity. The ectomycorrhizal deficiency in the seedlings observed in this study may have been related to restricted spore dispersal caused by insufficient rainfall that had occurred after spring fumigation. South J. App. For. 12(4):234-239.

scholarly journals Effect of the Growth Regulator Uniconazole on Biomass Allocation of Bareroot Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Barnes ◽  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Improving seedling performance by reducing seedling height can be an important aspect of nursery management. The plant growth regulator uniconazole was applied to regulate height growth of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Tests involving a foliar spray (0,0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 kg ai/ha) or a wick application (0, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm) were conducted in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. The wick applicator consisted of a perforated plastic pipe covered with a sponge cylinder supplied by a reservoir. With both application methods, as the rate of uniconazole increased, seedling height, root-collar diameter, and biomass decreased. Compared to the controls, uniconazole decreased the percentage of seedlings with root-collar diameters greater than 4.7 mm. At lifting there was no difference among rates for root/shoot ratio, but root/shoot ratios of uniconazole treated seedlings increased significantly after outplanting. Eighteen months after outplanting, there were no treatment effects on seedling height or survival. Wick applications of uniconazole merit further research because of soil persistence and costs associated with spray applications. South. J. Appl. For. 28(1):41–47.

Interaction Between Weed Control and Loblolly Pine,Pinus taeda, Seedling Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mitchell ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Root Collar

Third-year heights, third-year root-collar diameters, and 3 yr volume growth of loblolly pine seedlings were examined in relation to a) root-collar diameter class at time of planting and b) herbaceous weed control. Treatments were a) no weed control and b) complete control for 2 yr. For both weed control treatments, means for third-year heights, groundline diameters, and volume growth were related positively to initial seedling diameter. The influence of initial seedling diameter on third-year diameters and heights did not differ among weed control treatments. However, the influence of initial diameter on volume growth did differ among weed control treatments. Thus, when using herbaceous weed control, additional gains in early volume growth can be realized by planting seedlings with large root-collar diameters.

Effect of Some Seedling Morphology and Planting Quality Variables on Seedling Survival in the Georgia Piedmont

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
Bruce E. Borders ◽  
Henry H. Page ◽  
Steven M. Raper
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract A seedling survival study for site-prepared loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations, consisting of 43 locations, was established during two planting seasons in 1986-87 in the Georgia Piedmont. Seedlings with top lengths less than 15 cm and with root collar diameters less than 2.5 mm survived significantly worse than larger seedlings, but such small seedlings comprised less than 2% of seedlings bagged and planted in the study. Culling in the field to eliminate such a small percentage of seedlings in addition to culling already done at the nursery is probably not worth the expense from a survival standpoint. Terminal bud condition was not related to survival. Seedlings planted deeper than root collar diameter survived the same as seedlings planted at root collar depth, but shallow planted seedlings had significantly poorer survival. Very loosely planted seedlings were more likely to die than firmly planted seedlings, but slightly loose seedlings survived as well as tightly planted seedlings. Differences between operationally planted and experimentally planted plots indicated that an average 10% increase in survival was possible from close planting crew supervision. Over 90% of first-year mortality occurred on both operationally and experimentally planted plots by the end of July. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):109-114.

scholarly journals Hand-Lifting Improves Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Greene ◽  
S. Tannis Danley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two Georgia nurseries and planted on six sites in Georgia and Alabama during the winter of 1997/1998. Survival, height, and groundline diameters were measured after two growing seasons. Hand-lifted seedlings from both nurseries were taller than machine-lifted seedlings across all sites by 7–14 cm, resulting in stem volume index increases of 19–30% over 2 yr. Survival of hand-lifted seedlings was higher (P < 0.05) for the nursery using a two-row belt lifter. Seedlings from outer drills at this nursery were 10 cm taller and produced 21% more stem volume after 2 yr than seedlings from inner drills. South. J. Appl. For. 25(3):131–135.

Performance of Container and Bareroot Loblolly Pine Seedlings on Bottomlands in South Carolina

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Barnett ◽  
J. M. McGilvray
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The performance of container and bareroot loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from the same improved seedlot was compared on highly productive bottomland sites in South Carolina. At the time of planting, size and quality of the open-grown container stock were equal to or betterthan bareroot material. When outplanting conditions were ideal, field plantings in March, April, and May of 2 successive years indicated equal performance of the 2 stock types. When conditions were more stressful, container stock survived and grew better than bareroot seedlings. Needle-tipburn caused by postplanting applications of herbicides had no long-term effects on seedling growth. South. J. Appl. For. 17(2):80-83.

scholarly journals Fumigation with Chloropicrin, Metham Sodium, and EPTC as Replacements for Methyl Bromide in Southern Pine Nurseries

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Metham Sodium

Abstract The effects of soil fumigation with chloropicrin alone or in combination with metham sodium and or with EPTC on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings and on nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) control were investigated at three forest tree nurseries. Fumigation with chloropicrin plus metham sodium (CMS) significantly increased seedling numbers and growth compared to controls. Averaged among nurseries, mean root-collar-diameter increased from 0.14 to 0.17 in., and biomass from 0.14 to 0.20 lb/ft2. This produced seven more plantable seedlings and 6.5 more grade 1 seedlings/ft2 in CMS compared to not fumigated plots. Fumigation increased average potential sales $7,100/ac and increased present values, projected for the growth increases for additional grade 1 seedlings, by $25,900/ac. Fumigation increased biomass per unit area similarly at tested bed densities (10 to 29/ft2), but at low bed densities (≤20/ft2) the present values associated with grade 1 seedlings increased more than at higher densities. South. J. Appl. For. 24(3):135-139.

scholarly journals Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Luis Maurício da Silva Soares
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

scholarly journals The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Michelle M. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

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