Effet des Doses de Semis et de la Méthode De Conduite de La Pépinière sur les Caractéristiques Morphologiques des Plantules de Cinq Variétés D’oignon (Allium cepa L.) en Côte d’Ivoire

Le manque de méthodes standardisées pour la pépinière d’oignon a suscité la présente étude. Elle a pour objectif d’évaluer deux pratiques culturales de pépinière d’oignon à travers les caractéristiques végétatives des plantules. À cet effet cinq variétés (Bati, Damani, Cara, Karibou et Safari) et deux milieux de conduite de pépinière : terre et alvéole ont été mis en comparaison sur le site expérimental de l’Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY de Korhogo de janvier à février 2020. Sur terre, trois doses de semis (3, 4 et 5 g/m2) et dans les alvéoles trois graines par poquet ont été expérimentées. Les données morphologiques ont été collectées 40 jours après semis. Le logiciel SPSS 22.0 a été utilisé pour le traitement statistique des données collectées. Une analyse de variance incorporant la comparaison des moyennes selon Newman et Keuls au seuil de 5% a été réalisée pour comparer les caractéristiques morphologiques des différentes variétés entre elles. Il ressort de cette étude que les plantules élevées dans les alvéoles ont eu en moyenne les tailles les plus élevées (17,32 cm). Sur terre, les tailles ont varié de 14,77 cm (dose de 05 g/m2) à 16,09 cm (dose 03 et 04 g/m2). Les doses de semis 03 et 04 g/m2 ont enregistré les plantules les plus robustes relativement au nombre de feuilles (03), les poids frais (0,35 g) et sec (0,035 g) et le taux de matière sèche (10%). Les variétés Damani, Karibou et Safari ont eu les meilleures performances relativement aux caractéristiques morphologiques. La robustesse de la plantule est corrélée positivement à sa taille et au nombre de feuilles. Au vu des résultats, la pépinière d’oignon peut être conduite dans les alvéoles ou sur terre à la dose 04 g/m2. La sélection des plantules en pépinière peut se faire en se basant uniquement sur la taille de la plantule et le nombre de feuilles. The lack of standardized methods for the onion nursery prompted this study. Its objective was to evaluate two cultivation practices of the onion nursery through the vegetative characteristics of the seedlings. For this purpose, five varieties (Bati, Damani, Cara, Karibou and Safari) and two nursery management: soil and well plate, were compared on the experimental site of Peleforo GON COULIBALY University in Korhogo from January to February 2020. On soil, three doses of seeding (3, 4 and 5 g/m2) and, in the plate, 3 seeds/holes were tested. Morphological data were collected 40 days after sowing. In this sample, SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical data processing. An analysis of variance incorporating the comparison of means according to Newman and Keuls at the 5% threshold was used to compare the morphological characteristics of the different varieties. It appears from this study that the seedlings reared in the well plate were averagely the highest with 17.32 cm. On soil, the heights varied from 14.77 cm (dose 05 g/m2) to 16.09 cm (dose 03 and 04 g/m2). Seeding doses of 03 and 04 g/m2 recorded the most robust seedlings in relation to the number of leaves (03), fresh (0.35 g) and dry (0.035 g) weights and dry matter rate of 10%. The Damani, Karibou and Safari varieties had the best performances concerning morphological characteristics. The robustness of the seedling is positively related to its size and the number of leaves. Besides well pate, a seeding rate of 04 g/m2 can be recommended for the management of the nursery on soil. The selection of seedlings in the nursery can be done based only on the size of the seedling and the number of leaves.

A SURVEY STUDY OF NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND SURVEILLANCE OF ORNAMENTAL PLANT SPECIES AT PESHAWAR CITY, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN

The current survey study was carried out at Peshawar Development Authority Nursery Hayatabad Peshawar-Pakistan during the year 2019-20. This survey was based on recording the current situation and various methods practiced by the garden staff to look after their nursery. The main objective was to improve the current situation of the nursery and suggest recommendations in light of the highlighted problems. The different parameters studied were identification of plants, total area of nursery, soil type, irrigation system, weeding, fertilizer application, propagation method, propagation time, transplanting time, field situation and finally problem of the nursery. All the agricultural and horticultural practices were not fully applied and practiced in proper recommended way. Out of the total studied parameters, irrigation system that was sprinkler irrigation, was impressive and appreciable. Proper fertilizer at proper time played a vital role in plant growth and nursery development. The gardeners and other technical and field staff did not conduct their jobs to their fullest and their nursery management was unsatisfactory. It was concurred that good quality plants production was not achieved and disease identification was missing due to lack of germ plasm unit facility. Weeds were badly impacting nursery plants and affected their beauty and yield. Various weedicides were used by the nursery staff to reduce the negative influence of weed infestation. It was recommended that effective planning, punctual staff duty and modern practices should be applied to improve the overall structure of the nursery.

SYSTEMS OF NURSERY MANAGEMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article outlines the ways for the development of horticulture in the Republic of Kazakhstan, provides data on the study of apple, pear, cherry and plum rootstocks. The results of many years of research in order to optimize scion-rootstock combinations suitable for setting up intensive plantings are analyzed. The original plants isolated as a result of such observations should be propagated without disturbing productivity and genetic stability, and mother planting and field repositories should be established with the resulting planting material of the highest quality categories. To obtain basic seedlings, it is necessary, first of all, to use seedlings of the Sievers apple tree (Malus siversi) and the Niedzwetzky apple tree (Malus niedzwetzkyana), growing in the forests of the northern Tien Shan, and for the pear, seedlings of low-growing rootstocks of the East Asian group: Xiang Li, Tszy Li, Yue li, Bai li, Chang bai li, because the seeds of pome crops are free from harmful viruses. Before harvesting stone fruit seeds, it is necessary to test trees, since a harmful viral infection is transmitted with pollen.

STATUS OF FISH HATCHERY AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT IN, DHANUSHA, NEPAL

The study was conducted to overview status of fish hatchery and nursery management. The main occupation of owners is hatchery business and 23% owners run as side business. 23% of respondents reared fifteen species including major seven species Rupchand, Puntius, Basai, Bhagi, Bata, Magur and Black carp. 30.8% respondents use brood stock from other hatchery of different place for cross breeding to reduce stress, inbreeding depression and to increase disease resistance, growth, performance and production. 61.53% respondents do not monitor the pond to check water quality pararameters like DO, pH and turbidity of water. The average hatchlings, fish fry and fingerling survivality was found 31.10%, 57% and 64% respectively. The problem encountered were flood, predator, unavailability of feed, hormone, fertilizer, skilled manpower and water shortage. The B/C ratio in private hatchery was 1.59 and 1.31 in government hatchery. Most of the respondents use motorcycle (53.8%) as means of transportation of fish seed. The main severe disease was learnaea followed by argulus. The inputs used in nursery management were less than that of recommended dose. High stocking density of fingerlings found (546.15kg/kattha). 69.23% of respondents sold fish, fry and fingerlings to distant market and 30.8% of fish farmers sold their fish seed products in local market. About 75%, 20% and 5% of hatchery fish seed production transferred through channel 1, channel 2 and channel 3 respectively. The problems faced in market were trader monopoly followed by open boarder, road inaccessibility, transportation loss and lack of market information

Managemen dan Pelayanan Medis pada Kambing Milik Masyarakat di Desa Seureumo Kecamatan Indrapuri Aceh Besar

Ternak kambing yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat desa masih sangat tradisional dan semi intensif padahal ternak kambing memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk diternakkan dan dikembangkan. Kondisi pemeliharaan ini harus menjadi perhatian untuk mensugesti dan menambah pengetahuan masyarakat sehingga dapat mengubah pola pikir dan mendesain kembali konsep bisnis peternakan untuk menghasilkan produk unggulan di masa yang akan datang. kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah melakukan sosialisasi langsung oleh Dosen Peternakan Universitas Abulyatama Aceh tentang cara beternak yang baik, pemberian pakan yang ideal, managemen pembibitan dan evaluasi bisnis peternakan. Managemen kesehatan baik berupa pencegahan mapun penanganan penyakit ternak diaplikasi langsung pada ternak oleh dosen dan mahasiswa. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan sosialisasi pemberian pakan dan penanganan penyakit parasit menjadi hal yang utama yang harus dilakukan dalam upaya meningkatkan produktifitas ternak.Kata Kunci: Kambing, Seureumo, Peternakan, kesehatanABSTRACTGoats carried out by the village community are still very traditional and semi-intensive, even though goats have a large potential to be raised and developed. This maintenance condition must be a concern to suggest and increase public knowledge so that it can change the mindset and redesign the livestock business concept to produce superior products in the future. The activities carried out were direct socialization by Lecturers of Livestock at the University of Abulyatama Aceh about good farming practices, ideal feeding, nursery management and evaluation of the livestock business. Health management in the form of prevention and handling of livestock diseases is applied directly to livestock by lecturers and students. The results of the activity show that socialization of feeding and handling of parasitic diseases is the main thing that must be done in an effort to increase livestock productivity.Keyword : Goat, Seureumo, Ranch, health.

Hyperspectral Detection and Monitoring of Salt Stress in Pomegranate Cultivars

Advancements in the ability to detect plant responses to salinity are mandatory to improve crop yield, quality, and management practices. The present study shows the capability of hyperspectral reflectance (400–2400 nm) to rapidly and non-destructively detect and monitor the responses of two pomegranate cultivars (Parfianka, P, and Wonderful, W) under salt treatment (i.e., 200 mL of 100 mM NaCl solution every day) for 35 days. Analyzing spectral signatures from asymptomatic leaves, the two cultivars, as well as salinity conditions were discriminated. Furthermore, using a partial least squares regression approach, we constructed predictive models to concomitantly estimate (goodness-of-fit model, R2: 0.61–0.79; percentage of the root mean square error over the data range, %RMSE: 9–14) from spectra of various physiological leaf parameters commonly investigated in plant/salinity studies. The analyses of spectral signatures enabled the early detection of salt stress (i.e., from 14 days from the beginning of treatment, FBT), even in the absence of visible symptoms, but they did not allow the identification of the different degrees of salt tolerance between cultivars; this cultivar-specific tolerance to salt was instead reported by analyzing variations of leaf parameters estimated from spectra (W was less tolerant than P), which, in turn, allowed the detection of salt stress only at later times of analysis (i.e., slightly from 21 day FBT and, evidently, at the end of treatment). The proposed approach could be used in precision agriculture, high-throughput plant phenotyping, and smart nursery management to enhance crop quality and yield.

Impact Evaluation of the System of Rice Intensification Scheme in Chhattisgarh

The study was conducted in Chhattisgarh to compare the cost and return of rice in adopters and non-adopters and identify constraints in adopting the SRI technology. The total labour cost was highest in adopters than non-adopters, and input cost was ( 8723.42) in adopters and was less than non-adopters ( 9772.75). It was also found that the cost of adopters' cultivation was ( 49885.17) higher than non-adopters ( 41241.82). The result showed that the yield of adopters (67.34 q/ha) was higher than the non-adopters (49.66 t/ha). The gross and net incomes were higher on adopters' farms than non-adopters. The benefit-cost ratio was higher in adopters (1:2.03) than non-adopters (1:1.82). Timely availability of skilled labour (62 percent) with higher than more labour requirement (50 percent), unavailability of implements (48 percent), lack of training (46 percent), drudgery in using cono-weeder (40 percent), unskilled transplanting (34 percent) and improper nursery management (30 percent) the other constraints were assured irrigation, lack of farm mechanization high cost of pesticides, high cost of manures and fertilizers. The primary suggestion regarding the SRI method of paddy cultivation was to develop chemical and mechanical weed control and ensure the availability of cono-weeder and marker in the market. Timely guidance should be given by the concerned persons in the transfer of technology to the farmers' field of immense help in this direction.