VARIABILIDADE DE ATRIBUTOS EDÁFICOS EM DIFERENTES AMBIENTES DE VOÇOROCAS NO BIOMA DA MATA ATLÂNTICA

VARIABILIDADE DE ATRIBUTOS EDÁFICOS EM DIFERENTES AMBIENTES DE VOÇOROCAS NO BIOMA DA MATA ATLÂNTICA JOÃO HENRIQUE GAIA GOMES1, MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA1, MARCOS BACIS CEDDIA1, ANDRÉ GERALDO DE LIMA MORAIS1, FABIANA DA COSTA BARROS2 1 Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 07, Zona Rural, BR-465, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Mario Santos Braga, 30 - Centro, 24020-140, Niterói - RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, [email protected]. RESUMO: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e determinar a variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos e físicos do solo no ambiente interno e externo de voçoroca em pedoforma convexa. O estudo foi realizado na sub-bacia do ribeirão do Cachimbal, Pinheiral, RJ. O mapeamento da área foi desenvolvido a partir da imagem do ano de 2017, obtida no Google Earth, com resolução espacial de 2,34 metros, sendo realizadas avaliações quantitativas, quanto a expressão de voçorocas e qualitativas (pedoforma côncava ou convexa) através do modelo digital de elevação de superfície de curvatura (MDESC), com validação no campo. Posteriormente, foi selecionada uma voçoroca ocorrente em pedoforma convexa, mais expressiva, em que foram coletadas amostras nos ambientes interno e externo na profundidade de 0,0-0,10 m para avaliação dos atributos químicos e físicos das voçorocas. Verificou-se que algumas variáveis necessitam de um número amostral maior e/ou que sejam testados outros métodos geoestatísticos, pois não foi possível verificar a existência de dependência espacial. Foi observado que os atributos químicos e físicos do solo apresentam variabilidade espacial de forma diferenciada quando comparados os ambientes interno e externo. A geoestatística apresenta-se com elevado potencial na espacialização dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo em ambientes degradados como voçorocas. Palavras-chave: erosão, geoestatística, indicadores de qualidade do solo. VARIABILITY OF SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN DIFFERENT GULLIE ENVIRONMENTS IN ATLANTIC FOREST BIOME ABSTRACT: The study had to evaluate and determine the spatial variability of soil chemical and physical attributes in the internal and external environment of a gullie convex pedoform. The study was conducted in the Cachimbal stream sub-basin, Pinheiral, RJ. The mapping of the area was developed from the image of 2017, obtained in Google Earth, with a spatial resolution of 2.34 meters, being quantitative data quantities, with a voice expression and quality (concave or convex pedoform) through digital curvature surface access model (CSEDM) with field validation. Subsequently, it was an incident intermittence, was more intense, in which samples were collected indoors and outdoors at a depth of 0-0.10 m for the evaluation of chemical and physical attributes of gullies. The tests were larger than a larger number and / or larger than the most recent geological tests since it was impossible to verify the existence of spatial dependence. It was seen that the chemical and physical attributes of soil spatial variability differed compared to indoor and outdoor environments. A geostatistic can spatialize the chemical and physical attributes of the soil in degraded environments such as gullies. Keywords: erosion, geostatistics, soil quality indicators.

Use of Synthetic Flaws to Assess Pipeline Seam Weld Inspection Performance

Pipeline seam welds are often inspected using ultrasonic In-Line Inspection (ILI) technologies. The measurement performance specification of an ultrasonic ILI tool is based on simple, planar, machined notches which are very reproducible, but are not representative of the complex flaw morphologies that occur naturally in seams such as hook cracks and tilted lack of fusion flaws. In order to assess ILI performance on naturally occurring flaws, “in-the-ditch” Nondestructive Testing (ITD NDT) is performed to validate a subset of the population of ILI reported features. Due to the limited number, type, and dimensional (height and length) uncertainty of these flaws, the field validation approach has limitations in terms of efficiency and accuracy in determining ILI detection capabilities and sizing performance. Recently, specialized synthetic flaw fabrication technology has been developed and provides complex, natural crack-like morphologies with reliable and reproducible size dimensions. Effective validation spools with flaws (of representative geometries) can be achieved through engineered designs that consider the number, size and shape of manufactured flaws. This enables owners to quickly and reliably assess the performance of both ILI tools and ITD NDT operators. Assessing performance with the synthetic flaw approach provides results that are more comprehensive and cost-effective compared to the typical field validation approach alone. This is because the flaw population is designed rather than randomly selected from excavation data. This paper addresses the design, use and field experience with validation spools. This paper will present the performance of ILI tools and UT examiners based on synthetic flaw qualification exams, and how this supports related ILI and operator validation work.