The Recurring Option Contract

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Robert M. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Timber Management ◽  
Private Landowner ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Option Contract ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Option Pricing Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Management Contracts

Abstract Long-term timber management contracts can be an attractive option to both the nonindustrial private landowner and the forest industry firm. However, many such contracts incorporate inequities or operational problems which may lead to eventual dissatisfaction by one or both parties. The recurring option contract presented is both equitable and operationally sound. Using a modified version of the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, an option premium is calculated for each year of the contract in which timber is sold. Through this premium, the firm retains control over the stumpage and the landowner is compensated for relinquishing the right to market his timber independently. The considerable flexibility of the contract permits adaptation to a variety of management objectives.

The Increment Contract

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
John L. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Management Contract ◽  
Management Contracts ◽  
Woodland Owners

Abstract Long-term timber management contracts give forest industry firms most of the advantages of fee-simple land ownership and avoid most of the disadvantages. The increment contract, a type of management contract already used by several pulp and paper firms in the South, employs a unique method for determining and making payments to woodland owners based on the average annual increment of wood fiber their land is capable of producing. Particularly attractive to woodland owners, it gives firms that use it a competitive advantage in seeking raw materials.

COORDINATION MECHANISM COMBINING SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION AND RULE IN EXCHANGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350015
Author(s):  
JINSHI ZHAO ◽  
JIAZHEN HUO
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Option Pricing ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Supply Chain Optimization ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Option Contract ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Option Pricing Model ◽  
Zinc Industry ◽  
Pricing Rule

There are two kinds of option pricing. The option pricing in exchange follows the Black–Scholes rule but does not consider the optimizing of supply chain. The traditional supply chain option contract can optimize supply chain but does not meet the Black–Scholes rule. We integrate the assumption of above two kinds of option pricing, and design a model to combine the Black–Scholes rule and traditional option contract of optimizing in a supplier-led supply chain. Our combined model can guide the enterprises to write or buy option considering both option pricing rule in financial market and the optimization of supply chain. Then we simulate and verify the model in Zinc industry of China. It is proved that our option pricing model is equalized and optimal to supply chain and consistent with Black–Scholes rule.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBAGIAN DIVIDEN MELALUI MODEL BLACK-SCHOLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Author(s):  
Diana Purwandari
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
European Options ◽  
Financial Contracts ◽  
Stock Trading ◽  
Black Scholes Model ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Dividend Distribution ◽  
Option Pricing Model ◽  
The Right

Stock trading has a risk that can be said to be quite large due to fluctuations in stock prices. In stock trading, one alternative to reduce the amount of risk is options. The focus of this research is on European options which are financial contracts by giving the holder the right, not the obligation, to sell or buy the principal asset from the writer when it expires at a predetermined price. The Black-Scholes model is an option pricing model commonly used in the financial sector. This study aims to determine the effect of dividend distribution through the Black-Scholes model on stock prices. The effect of dividend distribution through the Black-Scholes model on stock prices results in the stock price immediately after the dividend distribution being lower than the stock price shortly before the dividend distribution

scholarly journals Clinical Study of 107 Hospitalized Patients with Peritonsillar Abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e11-e16
Author(s):  
Risa Wakisaka ◽  
Takumi Kumai ◽  
Kan Kishibe ◽  
Miki Takahara ◽  
Akihiro Katada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Inferior Pole ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Pole

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 107 cases of peritonsillar abscess treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Data on age, sex, affected site, duration of hospitalization, method of drainage, presence/absence of laryngeal edema, antibacterial drugs used, and isolated bacteria were analyzed. Of the 107 patients, 71 were males and 36 were females; the median age was 44 years (range: 18–88 years).The left side was affected in 55 patients, the right side in 50 patients, and both sides in two patients. The abscess was localized in the superior pole in 71 patients, and in the inferior pole in 36 patients. Thirty-five patients had laryngeal edema, of which three underwent tracheotomy. Recurrence of the abscess was observed in 15 cases, with the recurrence developing within 3 months in 7 cases, and over a period of 3 years in 4 cases. As for the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to antibacterial drugs, 17% of the causative bacteria showed resistance to clindamycin, while none showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). We concluded that ABPC/SBT might be suitable for the initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess, and that we need to bear in mind the possibility of long-term recurrence.

Physiological Pacing: A New Road to Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 263246362097804
Author(s):  
Vanita Arora ◽  
Pawan Suri
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Pacing ◽  
His Bundle ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Pacing Lead ◽  
The Right

Anatomy and physiology are the basis of human body functioning and as we have progressed in management of various diseases, we have understood that physiological intervention is always better than an anatomical one. For more than 50 years, a standard approach to permanent cardiac pacing has been an anatomical placement of transvenous pacing lead at the right ventricular apex with a proven benefit of restoring the rhythm. However, the resultant ventricular dyssynchrony on the long-term follow-up in patients requiring more than 40% ventricular pacing led to untoward side effects in the form of heart failure and arrhythmias. To counter such adverse side effects, a need for physiological cardiac pacing wherein the electrical impulse be transmitted directly through the normal conduction system was sought. His bundle pacing (HBP) with an intriguing alternative of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is aimed at restoring such physiological activation of ventricles. HBP is safe, efficacious, and feasible; however, localization and placement of a pacing lead at the His bundle is challenging with existing transvenous systems due to its small anatomic size, surrounding fibrous tissue, long-learning curve, and the concern remains about lead dislodgement and progressive electrical block distal to the HBP lead. In this article, we aim to take the reader through the challenging journey of HBP with focus upon the hardware and technique, selective versus nonselective HBP, indications and potential disadvantages, and finally the future prospects.

scholarly journals QOL-09. WHOLE-BRAIN WHITE MATTER NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IS DISRUPTED BY PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii432-iii432
Author(s):  
Adeoye Oyefiade ◽  
Kiran Beera ◽  
Iska Moxon-Emre ◽  
Jovanka Skocic ◽  
Ute Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Betweeness Centrality

Abstract INTRODUCTION Treatments for pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are neurotoxic and lead to long-term deficits that are driven by the perturbation of underlying white matter (WM). It is unclear if and how treatment may impair WM connectivity across the entire brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images from 41 PBT survivors (mean age: 13.19 years, 53% M) and 41 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 13.32 years, 51% M) were analyzed. Image reconstruction, segmentation, and node parcellation were completed in FreeSurfer. DTI maps and probabilistic streamline generation were completed in MRtrix3. Connectivity matrices were based on the number of streamlines connecting two nodes and the mean DTI (FA) index across streamlines. We used graph theoretical analyses to define structural differences between groups, and random forest (RF) analyses to identify hubs that reliably classify PBT and TD children. RESULTS For survivors treated with radiation, betweeness centrality was greater in the left insular (p < 0.000) but smaller in the right pallidum (p < 0.05). For survivors treated without radiation (surgery-only), betweeness centrality was smaller in the right interparietal sulcus (p < 0.05). RF analyses showed that differences in WM connectivity from the right pallidum to other parts of the brain reliably classified PBT survivors from TD children (classification accuracy = 77%). CONCLUSIONS The left insular, right pallidum, and right inter-parietal sulcus are structurally perturbed hubs in PBT survivors. WM connectivity from the right pallidum is vulnerable to the long-term effects of treatment for PBT.

scholarly journals Long term follow-up of inguinal endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BoRan Mu ◽  
ZhiQiang Zhang ◽  
Chongdong Liu ◽  
Kunning Zhang ◽  
ShuHong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Uterosacral Ligament ◽  
Round Ligament ◽  
Pelvic Endometriosis ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Peritoneal Endometriosis ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Inguinal endometriosis (IEM) is a rare extra pelvic endometriosis. Here, we study the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and long-term gynecological outcomes of IEM patients at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Case presentation Three patients presented with a total of four lesions (one on the left side, one on the right side, and one bilaterally). The diameters of the four lesions were 2 cm, 2 cm, 3.5 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Two patients were admitted with inguinal hernias. Two patients were admitted with endometrioses—one with ovarian endometriosis and one with pelvic endometriosis. The hernia sac was repaired concomitantly via excision of the round ligament in two patients. One patient underwent a concomitant laparoscopy for gynecologic evaluations, including an ablation to the peritoneal endometriosis, and resection of the left uterosacral ligament endometriosis and pelvic adhesiolysis. All lesions were located on the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament and were diagnosed histologically. No recurrence was observed in the inguinal region. All patients diagnosed with adenomyosis were treated with medication alone without any complaints. Conclusions Inguinal endometriosis can occur simultaneously with pelvic endometriosis. In most cases, a concomitant hernia sac appears together with groin endometriosis. Clinical management should be individualized and performed in tandem with general practitioners and obstetrics & gynecology experts. Pelvic disease, in particular, should be followed-up by a gynecologist.

scholarly journals Concomitant Partial Achilles Tendon Rupture and Lateral Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Muscle Tendon in a Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e37-e40
Author(s):  
Hélène Dosseray ◽  
Claire Deroy-Bordenave
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Fixation Screw ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report a posttraumatic partial Achilles tendon (AT) rupture associated with lateral luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in a Whippet. This article is a brief communication. A Whippet was presented with posttraumatic plantigrade stance and non-load-bearing lameness of the right pelvic limb. The objective findings consisted in partial AT rupture and SDFT lateral luxation. Surgical treatment ensued: tenorrhaphy of the torn tendons and calcaneo-tibial screw insertion for tarsal immobilization, followed by suturing of the SDFT retinaculum. A casting bandage was employed for additional immobilization. Nonetheless, a bandage complication prompted the premature removal of the fixation screw and casting wrap. Complete functional recovery was achieved by the 20th postoperative week. The simultaneous occurrence of SDFT luxation and partial AT tear has not been reported in the literature before. The long-term postoperative functional outcome was highly satisfactory.

scholarly journals Large papillary fibroelastoma of right atrium, an unusual case of respiratory distress in a young man

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Le Ho ◽  
Pui Fong Ng ◽  
Sotheenathan Krishinan ◽  
Basheer Ahamed Abdul Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Papillary Fibroelastoma ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Intracardiac Masses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Embolic Risk

Abstract Background Papillary fibroelastomas are rare but benign cardiac tumour that are often found on cardiac valvular surfaces. Their clinical manifestations ranging from clinically asymptomatic to substantial complications that are usually secondary to systemic embolism. Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of its formation. Case presentation We reported a rare case of large papillary fibroelastoma in the right atrium of a young gentleman which was complicated with pulmonary embolism. Transthoracic echocardiography identified a large pedunculated mass measuring 3.4cmX3.4cmX2cm in right atrium with stalk attached to interatrial septum. The intracardiac mass was resected surgically, which revealed papillary fibroelastoma in histology examination. Conclusion Differential diagnosis of intracardiac masses requires clinical information, laboratory tests and imaging modalities including echocardiography. Incidentally discovered papillary fibroelastomas are treated on the basis of their sizes, site, mobility and potential embolic complications. Due to the embolic risk inherent to intraacardiac masses, surgical resection represents an effective curative protocol in treating both symptomatic and asymptomatic right sided and left sided papillary fibroelastomas, with excellent long term postoperative prognosis.

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