Characteristics and Cavity-Nesting Bird Use of Picloram-Created Snags in the Central Appalachians

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. McComb ◽  
Robert L. Rumsey

Abstract A soil-applied herbicide rate of 40 lb/acre TORDON 10K created snags (dead trees) and/or habitat characteristics desirable for foraging and nesting cavity-nesting birds in eastern Kentucky. Integration of picloram pellet application into TSI programs would allow stand quality improvement and a sustained supply of potential feeding and nesting sites for cavity-dependent birds.

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Straus ◽  
Kata Bavrlic ◽  
Erica Nol ◽  
Dawn M. Burke ◽  
Ken A. Elliott

Cavity-nesting birds are dependent on large declining and dead trees that are frequently removed during partial harvesting. We compared breeding densities, nest survival, nest site characteristics, food abundance, and reproductive parameters of six species of cavity-nesting birds in partially harvested and reference woodlots in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Silvicultural practices significantly altered woodlot structure, with treatment-specific effects on bark arthropod biomass, fledging dates for the Red-bellied Woodpecker ( Melanerpes carolinus (Linnaeus, 1758)), and site suitability for the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker ( Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus, 1766)). Red-bellied Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker ( Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus, 1766)), and Hairy Woodpecker ( Picoides villosus (Linnaeus, 1766)) experienced lower breeding densities in recently cut sites. Daily survival rates were generally greater for nests positioned higher up in large trees and for Northern Flicker ( Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)) nests excavated in healthy and hard wood. Conversely, the Black-capped Chickadee ( Poecile atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1766)) had higher daily survival rates in low, small trees (<10 cm diameter at breast height) and sites with lower arthropod abundance. We conclude that although partial harvesting has the potential to decrease cavity-nesting bird breeding densities, conscientious cavity tree retention during harvest may provide suitable nesting sites that maintain high rates of nest success, regardless of the silvicultural treatments that we examined. However, further research is required to monitor these trends beyond a single harvesting rotation.


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Martin ◽  
Kathryn E. H. Aitken ◽  
Karen L. Wiebe

Abstract The mixed forests of interior British Columbia, Canada, support a rich community of cavity nesters, accounting for about one-third of forest vertebrate species. For 20 cavity-nesting bird and six cavity-nesting mammal species, representing excavators and secondary cavity nesters, we measured nest-cavity and nest-tree characteristics over 8 years in Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest ecosystems. There was overwhelming selection for quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides); 95% of 1692 cavity nests were in aspen, which comprised only 15% of trees available. The full range of live and dead trees were used, but we observed a strong preference for live trees with decay (45% of nests) or dead trees (45% of nests). A cluster analysis based on tree and cavity characteristics divided the community into five groups, including large- and medium-sized woodpeckers and a group comprised mostly of weak excavators. A fourth group included Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus), the most abundant excavator, and the larger secondary cavity nesters. The final group contained the most aggressive and most abundant secondary cavity nesters. European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), the most aggressive secondary cavity nester, occupied a narrower nest niche (in less-decayed trees with smaller entrances) relative to their size. Less-competitive excavators and secondary cavity nesters occupied wider nest niches in terms of tree decay class and cavity size. We constructed a nest web for community structure that showed most cavity resource use flowed up the community through aspen trees and cavities excavated by Northern Flickers. Thus, aspen was the critical nesting tree and Northern Flickers were the keystone excavators in this community. Sitios de Nidificación y Redes de Nidos en Comunidades que Nidifican en Cavidades en el Interior de British Columbia, Canadá: Características de los Nidos y Separación de Nichos Resumen. Los bosques mixtos del interior de British Columbia, Canadá, albergan una rica comunidad de animales que nidifican en cavidades, los cuales representan aproximadamente un tercio de las especies de vertebrados de bosque. En este estudio medimos características de las cavidades y de los árboles de nidificación para 20 especies de aves y seis de mamíferos que nidifican en cavidades (incluyendo especies excavadoras y las que utilizan cavidades secundariamente) a lo largo de ocho años en ecosistemas de bosque interior de Pseudotsuga menziesii. Hubo una selección abrumadora de árboles de la especie Populus tremuloides; el 95% de 1692 cavidades de nidificación se encontraron en árboles de esta especie, la cual comprendía sólo el 15% de los árboles disponibles. Todo el espectro de árboles vivos y muertos fue utilizado, pero observamos una preferencia fuerte por árboles vivos con descomposición (45% de los nidos) o árboles muertos (45% de los nidos). Un análisis de agrupamiento basado en características de los árboles y las cavidades dividió la comunidad en cinco grupos, incluyendo carpinteros de tamaño grande y mediano, y un grupo formado principalmente por excavadores débiles. Un cuarto grupo incluyó al carpintero Colaptes auratus (el excavador más abundante) y a las especies de mayor tamaño que nidifican en cavidades secundarias. El último grupo incluyó a las especies más abundantes y agresivas que nidifican en cavidades secundarias. El estornino Sturnus vulgaris, la especie más agresiva que nidifica en cavidades secundarias, ocupó un nicho más estrecho (árboles menos descompuestos con entradas más pequeñas) con relación a su tamaño. Los excavadores menos competitivos y los usuarios de cavidades secundarias ocuparon nichos de nidificación más amplios en términos de la categoría de descomposición de los árboles y el tamaño de la cavidad. Construimos una red de nidos para estudiar la estructura de la comunidad, la cual mostró que la mayor parte del uso de las cavidades como recurso fluye en la comunidad a través de los árboles de P. tremuloides y las cavidades excavadas por C. auratus. Por lo tanto, P. tremuloides fue el árbol de nidificación crítico y C. auratus fue la especie de excavador clave en esta comunidad.


2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jon T. McRoberts ◽  
Nicole T. Quintana ◽  
W. Andrew Smith ◽  
Warren B. Ballard ◽  
F. Patrick Kehoe ◽  
...  

We studied Greater Scaup (Aythya marilla) nest site selection on Grassy Island, New Brunswick, during 1995 and 1996 by describing site selection in relation to habitat characteristics and association with larids using univariate comparisons. We pooled nesting data from both years and found that nesting sites were significantly closer to larid colonies and the edge of the patch of vegetation in which the nests were situated, had less forb canopy cover, more sedge cover, greater overhead concealment and lateral cover at 0–0.25 m, and less ground moisture than random sites. We evaluated Greater Scaup nests delimited as close to or far from larid colonies at 30 m and documented that nests closer to larid colonies were found in shorter vegetation that was closer to the edge of the patch of vegetation with less lateral cover at 0.25–0.5 m, but had greater overhead concealment than nests farther away. Advancements in the ecological understanding of the species, including habitat use patterns and species associations, will increase the likelihood of conservation successes.


2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. P. McCoard ◽  
Noah S. McCoard ◽  
Philip J. Turk ◽  
James T. Anderson

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronalds Krams ◽  
Tatjana Krama ◽  
Guntis Brūmelis ◽  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Linda Strode ◽  
...  

AbstractHabitat quality has direct effects on the evolutionary fitness of breeding organisms, which is why it is believed that animals tend to have an evolved preference for the best possible habitats. However, some animals may mistakenly choose to reproduce in habitats that decrease their fitness, resulting in ‘ecological traps’. In this study, we tested whether great tits (Parus major) attracted to areas affected by outbreaks of the great web-spinning sawfly (Acantholyda posticalis) had fitness detriments characteristic of ecological traps. Sawfly larvae consume pine needles, which decreases resource availability for birds co-habiting the forest. Using artificial nesting sites, we found that great tits inhabiting areas of sawfly outbreaks had similar clutch sizes as tits breeding in healthy forest patches; however, the fledgling number was significantly lower, and fledgling condition was worse in the damaged forests. While moth larvae are the most important food for bird nestlings, the forest patches damaged by sawflies had lower larval biomass. Although most ecological traps occur in environments altered by humans, this study shows that pest insects can lower habitat quality, forming ecological traps. Our results indicate that attracting cavity-nesting birds should be done with caution because it may negatively impact birds’ nutritional status and reproductive fitness.


2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Brooker

The thick-billed grasswren (Amytornis textilis) has a disjunct distribution in the Shark Bay region, with one population confined to Peron Peninsula and the other further inland on Woodleigh Station and the north-eastern corner of Hamelin Station. Grasswrens were found in several vegetation types, including acacia shrublands, Triodia spinifex and the dense vegetation in drainage depressions. Vegetation characteristics that appeared important determinants of grasswren presence were recumbent acacias and low shrubs within the 0–1-m height category, and shrub clumps of high foliage density. These shrub clumps comprised climbers and recumbent low shrubs with interwoven branches, often in association with other plant species. Habitats with this shrub structure may provide the grasswren with ideal nesting sites. The possible effects of grazing and fire on this shrub structure are discussed.


1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Morrison ◽  
Mark F. Dedon ◽  
Martin G. Raphael ◽  
Michael P. Yoder-Williams

Abstract USDA Forest Service guidelines for retention of standing dead trees were analyzed in the eastern Sierra Nevada by surveying snags and recording the use of snags for nesting by birds. Surveys showed the density of large, hard snags to be only about 25% of that required by the guidelines. Birds tended to nest in snags 30 to 40 cm or more dbh. The majority of snags, however, were less than 40 cm dbh. Our results indicate that current guidelines for retention of large snags are appropriate. Because these guidelines are not being met, however, the practice of removing snags for fuelwood or other purposes is questioned. West. J. Appl. For. 1:38-40, April 1986


2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Czeszczewik ◽  
Wiesław Walankiewicz

Abstract The aim of this study was to review the most important results from the last 40 years of intense ornithological research conducted in the Białowieża Forest. Furthermore, we discuss the threats that may destroy the unique ecology and characteristics of this forest. Studying the avifauna of the Białowieża Forest provides us with a good general knowledge about natural ecological conditions and relationships, which prevailed in temperate European forests in the past. The avifauna of the Białowieża Forest is characterized by features associated with primeval habitats such as the stability of communities over time, high species richness, relatively low densities, high proportion of hole-nesting birds, very high predation pressure and weak, insignificant competition interactions. This emphasizes the importance of predation, excess of nesting sites for cavity nesting birds, high abundance of food, especially for insectivorous species and fluctuation of bird population size due to rodent outbreaks (pulsed resources). The most severe threats for the avifauna of the Białowieża Forest are: rejuvenation of tree stands, removal of dead wood, fragmentation of old-growth stands, change of tree stand composition (reducing the proportion of some tree species). In order to expand our ecological knowledge about birds, we should keep the Białowieża Forest fully protected for years to come. The main priority should be the maintenance of natural processes changing the forest’s species composition.


Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Oliveira Rebouças ◽  
Cândida Aguiar ◽  
Vinina Ferreira ◽  
Geni Sodré ◽  
Carlos Carvalho ◽  
...  

Some solitary bees establish their nests in preexisting cavities. Such nesting behavior facilitates the investigation of their life history, as well as the monitoring of their populations in natural, semi-natural and cropped habitats. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of artificial substrates by cavity-nesting bees in a heterogeneous landscape. We investigated the percentage of occupation of the different trap-nests, the monthly fluctuations in the nesting activity, offspring sex ratio, mortality and parasitism, in two phytophysiognomies: herbaceous-shrub restinga (site 1) and arboreal restinga (site 2). We used as trap-nests, bamboo canes, large and small straws of cardboard inserted into solid wooden blocks. Five bee species established 193 nests, from which 386 adults emerged. Centris tarsata Smith was the most abundant species. Large straws were signifi cantly more occupied than small straws (χ² = 19.951; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Offspring mortality rate for unknown reasons was signifi cant diff erent between sites, 11% (site 1) and 20% (site 2) (χ² = 4.203; df = 1; p = 0.04). The cavity-nesting bee guild had similar composition in both phytophysiognomies, there was a similar rate of occupation of trap-nests in both sites, as well as dominance of C. tarsata nests. Offspring mortality and parasites attack rates seem to be the more distinctive aspects between the herbaceous shrub and arboreal restinga sampled. Our study indicated that remnant fragments of coastal native habitats may be important nesting sites for the maintenance of bee populations, some of which have been indicated as candidates for management as pollinators of cultivated plants in Brazil.


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