scholarly journals The Effect of Epoch Length and Smoothing on Infant Sleep and Waking State Architecture for Term Infants at 42 to 46 Weeks Postconceptional Age.

SLEEP ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Kulp ◽  
Michael J. Corwin ◽  
Lee J. Brooks ◽  
Mark Peucker ◽  
Galina Fabrikant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Epoch Length ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Postconceptional Age

Periodic Breathing in Preterm Infants: Incidence and Characteristics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
R. B. Baldwin ◽  
N. E. Lederer ◽  
P. A. Tansey ◽  
R. L. Ariagno
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Postconceptional Age

The prevalence and characteristics of periodic breathing in preterm infants were measured by 24-hour impedance pneumograms in 66 preterm infants before discharge from the nursery. Four periodic breathing parameters (percentage of periodic breathing per quiet time, number of episodes of periodic breathing per 100 minutes of quiet time, mean duration of periodic breathing, and longest episode of periodic breathing) were compared to data available from healthy term infants and from term infants who subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Periodic breathing was found in all preterm infants studied and mean periodic breathing parameter values (12.0%, 8.6 episodes, 1.2 minutes, and 7.3 minutes, respectively) in our preterm population were substantially higher than values from healthy term infants and SIDS victims. Most periodic breathing parameters decreased significantly in infants studied at 39 to 41 weeks' postconceptional age compared with earlier postconceptional age groups. No relationship was found between central apneas of ≥15 seconds' duration and postconceptional age or any periodic breathing parameter. Periodic breathing is a common respiratory pattern in preterm infants that is usually not of pathologic significance. Associations between elevated levels of periodic breathing and respiratory dysfunction or SIDS should be made with caution.

Infant sleep apnea profile: preterm vs. term infants

1985 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Albani ◽  
K. H. P. Bentele ◽  
C. Budde ◽  
F. J. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Term Infants

Retardation of Neuronal Maturation in Premature Infants Compared with Term Infants of the Same Postconceptional Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Sachio Takashima ◽  
Laurence E. Becker ◽  
Fu-Wah Chan
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Neuronal Maturation ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Morphologic Development ◽  
Patent Ductus

Neuronal morphologic development and the number of soma and spines in the visual cortex were investigated. Ten premature infants surviving at least three weeks were compared with control infants who had been born at term gestation and had the same postconceptional age. In six cases of sudden infant death syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or patent ductus arteriosus, neuronal development was similar to that in the control cases. The persistence of immature neurons in two of the remaining four cases suggested a developmental neuronal delay or arrest.

scholarly journals Weight Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Results of a Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardou H. Heida ◽  
Elisabeth M. W. Kooi ◽  
Josef Wagner ◽  
Thi-Yen Nguyen ◽  
Jan B. F. Hulscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Microbiome Development

Abstract Background: The intestinal microbiome in preterm infants differs markedly from term infants. It is unclear whether the microbiome develops over time according to infant specific factors. Methods: We analysed (clinical) metadata - to identify the main factors influencing the microbiome composition development - and the first meconium and feacal samples til the 4th week via 16S rRNA amplican sequencing. Results: We included 41 infants (gestational age 25-30 weeks; birth weight 430-990g. Birth via Caesarean section (CS) was associated with placental insufficiency during pregnancy and lower BW. In meconium and in weeks 2 and 3 an increased combined abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides (maternal fecal representatives) was associated with vaginal delivery (p=0.021, p=0.0002, p=0.028, respectively) while Staphylococcus (skin microbiome representative) was associated with CS (p=0.0008, p=0.0003 p=0.046, respectively). Secondly, irrespective of the week of sampling or the mode of birth, a transition was observed as children children gradually increased in weight from a microbiome dominated by Staphylococcus (Bacilli) towards a microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Conclusions: Mode of delivery affects the meconium microbiome composition. It also suggests that the weight of the infant at the time of sampling is a better predictor for the stage of progression of the intestinal microbiome development/maturation than postconceptional age.

Interaction Between Infant Sleep Position and Development at 56 Weeks Postconceptional Age (PCA)

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
K. Ratliff-Schaub ◽  
C. E. Hunt ◽  
S. Schafer ◽  
T. Baird ◽  
D. Crowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Position ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Infant Sleep Position ◽  
Postconceptional Age

Polygraphic Studies of Normal Infants During the First Six Months of Life: III. Incidence of Apnea and Periodic Breathing

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toke Hoppenbrouwers ◽  
Joan E. Hodgman ◽  
R. M. Harper ◽  
Elvira Hofmann ◽  
M. B. Sterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Active Sleep ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Extreme Variability ◽  
Second Period

The incidence of apnea and periodic breathing was studied in full-term infants between birth and 6 months of age. Apnea was defined as a pause equal to or exceeding six seconds, periodic breathing as two cessations of breathing within a 20-second period, each equal to or longer than three seconds but less than six seconds. Sleep and cardiopulmonary variables were monitored. Apnea was common in the normal full-term infant. The incidence of apnea was highest in the newborn period and apneas exceeding 15 seconds were limited to this age. A reduction in apnea incidence occurred between birth and 3 months of age; thereafter, the incidence remained unchanged. The majority of apneas occurred during active sleep (AS). Few minutes were classified as indeterminate; the number of apneas during these minutes was comparable to those during AS. The incidence of apneas during quiet sleep was low. Periodic breathing remained stable across the ages, occurring primarily in AS. Apnea exceeding 15 seconds is rare in infancy. The tabulation of shorter apnea may be of limited value in identifying infants at risk for abnormal apnea due to extreme variability among infants. The sleep-waking state of the infants must be considered in order to evaluate apnea counts.

scholarly journals Video-Based Actigraphy for Monitoring Wake and Sleep in Healthy Infants: A Laboratory Study

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Long ◽  
Renée Otte ◽  
Eric Sanden ◽  
Jan Werth ◽  
Tao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Infrared Video ◽  
Reliable Classification

Prolonged monitoring of infant sleep is paramount for parents and healthcare professionals for interpreting and evaluating infants’ sleep quality. Wake-sleep patterns are often studied to assess this. Video cameras have received a lot of attention in infant sleep monitoring because they are unobtrusive and easy to use at home. In this paper, we propose a method using motion data detected from infrared video frames (video-based actigraphy) to identify wake and sleep states. The motion, mostly caused by infant body movement, is known to be substantially associated with infant wake and sleep states. Two features were calculated from the video-based actigraphy, and a Bayesian-based linear discriminant classification model was employed to classify the two states. Leave-one-subject-out cross validation was performed to validate our proposed wake and sleep classification model. From a total of 11.6 h of infrared video recordings of 10 healthy term infants in a laboratory pilot study, we achieved a reliable classification performance with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.733 ± 0.204 (mean ± standard deviation) and an overall accuracy of 92.0% ± 4.6%.

scholarly journals Quantitative ultrasound for the assessment of osteopenia in preterm infants

2003 ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rubinacci ◽  
GE Moro ◽  
G Boehm ◽  
F De Terlizzi ◽  
GL Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Ultrasound Velocity ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Two Parameters

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential role of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) investigation in assessing the osteopenia of prematurity. DESIGN: QUS parameters measured at the time of discharge were related to the anthropometric characteristics and age (postnatal and gestational) of 51 (34 female and 17 male) preterm infants fed fortified human milk. METHODS: QUS evaluation was performed at the humerus (h) by measuring two parameters: ultrasound velocity (hSOS, in m/s) and bone transmission time (hBTT, in micros). A group of 43 term infants (29 female and 14 male) was also evaluated. RESULTS: In preterm infants, significant correlations were found for hSOS and hBTT vs gestational age (r=0.504, 0.477, P<0.0001), length (r=0.641, 0.594, P<0.0001) and weight (r=0.580, 0.562, P<0.0001) at birth, and length (r=0.341, 0.332, P<0.05) and weight (r=0.331, r=0.362, P<0.05) at QUS measurement. In preterm infants, both QUS parameters were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.536, P<0.0001, r=-0.443, P<0.001) and were significantly lower than in the term infants (hSOS: 1664+/-42 m/s vs 1734+/-28 m/s, P<0.0001; hBTT: 0.58+/-0.24 micros vs 1.06+/-0.15 micros, P<0.0001) even when adjusted for body length (P<0.05). In preterm infants, hSOS was also negatively correlated with postconceptional age (r=-0.322, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that bone mineral accrual is mainly determined by the development in utero, and that prematurity induces a halt in the bone development process in the early postnatal period. QUS parameters are correlated with the severity of prematurity and might therefore have clinical applications when bone maturation in early life needs to be determined.

scholarly journals Weight shapes the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants: results of a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardou H. Heida ◽  
Elisabeth M. W. Kooi ◽  
Josef Wagner ◽  
Thi-Yen Nguyen ◽  
Jan B. F. Hulscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract Background The intestinal microbiome in preterm infants differs markedly from term infants. It is unclear whether the microbiome develops over time according to infant specific factors. Methods We analysed (clinical) metadata - to identify the main factors influencing the microbiome composition development - and the first meconium and faecal samples til the 4th week via 16 S rRNA amplican sequencing. Results We included 41 infants (gestational age 25–30 weeks; birth weight 430-990 g. Birth via Caesarean section (CS) was associated with placental insufficiency during pregnancy and lower BW. In meconium samples and in samples from weeks 2 and 3 the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides (maternal faecal representatives) were associated with vaginal delivery while Staphylococcus (skin microbiome representative) was associated with CS. Secondly, irrespective of the week of sampling or the mode of birth, a transition was observed as children children gradually increased in weight from a microbiome dominated by Staphylococcus (Bacilli) towards a microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Conclusions Our data show that the mode of delivery affects the meconium microbiome composition. They also suggest that the weight of the infant at the time of sampling is a better predictor for the stage of progression of the intestinal microbiome development/maturation than postconceptional age as it less confounded by various infant-specific factors.

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