scholarly journals 0105 Working Memory Impairment Due to Chronic Sleep Restriction, Dose Response to Recovery and Re-Exposure

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A42-A42
Author(s):  
M Kaizi-Lutu ◽  
C Jones ◽  
A Mange ◽  
M Basner ◽  
D F Dinges
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Introduction Chronic sleep restriction negatively effects working memory. Recovery sleep following sleep restriction partially restores working memory performance. This study examines the impact of chronic sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep dose on the N-Back Task (N-Back), a valid measure of working memory. Methods N=223 participants (29.9±6.9 years; 48.4% female), completed two baseline nights of 8h time in bed (TIB), followed by five nights of 4h TIB, and were then randomized to a sleep dose of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 h TIB. A subset of participants (n=73) were re-exposed to another five nights of 4h TIB. Participants completed the three versions of the N-Back (i.e. 1-Back, 2-Back, and B-back) every two hours during wakefulness and daily averages were computed. Mixed effects and linear regression models were used to assess the impact of sleep restriction and the sleep dose response on percent correct on the N-Back corrected for baseline. Results N=219 participants had valid working memory data. The 2-Back (β =-4.5%; P<0.0001) and the 3-Back (β =-12.5%; P<0.0001) were more difficult than the 1-Back. Working memory performance declined across days of sleep restriction for all N-Backs: 1-Back (β =-1.10%; P<0.0001), 2-Back (β =-0.99%; P<0.0001), and 3-Back (β =-1.10%; P<0.0001). The sleep dose analysis revealed a positive association with N-Back performance for all N-Back versions, 1-Back (β =0.99%; P=0.0002), 2-Back (β =1.46%; P<0.0001), and 3-Back (β =1.43%; P<0.0001). Re-exposure to only one night of 4h TIB following recovery sleep resulted in performance decrements equal to performance prior to recovery sleep for all N-Back versions (Ps>0.41). Conclusion These data indicate that working memory is adversely impacted by sleep restriction, and that sufficient recovery sleep, possibly across consecutive days, is necessary to maintain optimal working memory performance. Support Funded by National Institute of Health NIH R01NR004281 and National Space and Biomedical Research Institute NSRBI NCC 5–98

scholarly journals Residual, differential neurobehavioral deficits linger after multiple recovery nights following chronic sleep restriction or acute total sleep deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M Yamazaki ◽  
Caroline A Antler ◽  
Charlotte R Lasek ◽  
Namni Goel
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives The amount of recovery sleep needed to fully restore well-established neurobehavioral deficits from sleep loss remains unknown, as does whether the recovery pattern differs across measures after total sleep deprivation (TSD) and chronic sleep restriction (SR). Methods In total, 83 adults received two baseline nights (10–12-hour time in bed [TIB]) followed by five 4-hour TIB SR nights or 36-hour TSD and four recovery nights (R1–R4; 12-hour TIB). Neurobehavioral tests were completed every 2 hours during wakefulness and a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test measured physiological sleepiness. Polysomnography was collected on B2, R1, and R4 nights. Results TSD and SR produced significant deficits in cognitive performance, increases in self-reported sleepiness and fatigue, decreases in vigor, and increases in physiological sleepiness. Neurobehavioral recovery from SR occurred after R1 and was maintained for all measures except Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) lapses and response speed, which failed to completely recover. Neurobehavioral recovery from TSD occurred after R1 and was maintained for all cognitive and self-reported measures, except for vigor. After TSD and SR, R1 recovery sleep was longer and of higher efficiency and better quality than R4 recovery sleep. Conclusions PVT impairments from SR failed to reverse completely; by contrast, vigor did not recover after TSD; all other deficits were reversed after sleep loss. These results suggest that TSD and SR induce sustained, differential biological, physiological, and/or neural changes, which remarkably are not reversed with chronic, long-duration recovery sleep. Our findings have critical implications for the population at large and for military and health professionals.

scholarly journals Interindividual differences in attentional vulnerability moderate cognitive performance during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery in healthy young men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Marie Mathew ◽  
Stephen M. Strayer ◽  
Kelly M. Ness ◽  
Margeaux M. Schade ◽  
Nicole G. Nahmod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Linear Predictor ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Visuospatial Processing

AbstractWe investigated whether interindividual attentional vulnerability moderates performance on domain-specific cognitive tasks during sleep restriction (SR) and subsequent recovery sleep. Fifteen healthy men (M ± SD, 22.3 ± 2.8 years) were exposed to three nights of baseline, five nights of 5-h time in bed SR, and two nights of recovery sleep. Participants completed tasks assessing working memory, visuospatial processing, and processing speed approximately every two hours during wake. Analyses examined performance across SR and recovery (linear predictor day or quadratic predictor day2) moderated by attentional vulnerability per participant (difference between mean psychomotor vigilance task lapses after the fifth SR night versus the last baseline night). For significant interactions between day/day2 and vulnerability, we investigated the effect of day/day2 at 1 SD below (less vulnerable level) and above (more vulnerable level) the mean of attentional vulnerability (N = 15 in all analyses). Working memory accuracy and speed on the Fractal 2-Back and visuospatial processing speed and efficiency on the Line Orientation Task improved across the entire study at the less vulnerable level (mean − 1SD) but not the more vulnerable level (mean + 1SD). Therefore, vulnerability to attentional lapses after SR is a marker of susceptibility to working memory and visuospatial processing impairment during SR and subsequent recovery.

scholarly journals 0085 Vulnerability to Sleep Restriction is Associated with Decreased Working Memory Performance

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A34-A35
Author(s):  
G M Mathew ◽  
S M Strayer ◽  
K Ness ◽  
O M Buxton ◽  
A Chang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Time In Bed

Abstract Introduction We investigated whether individuals with more lapses on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) after sleep restriction (SR) demonstrated poorer working memory compared to those with fewer PVT lapses. Methods Fifteen healthy men (22.3±2.8 years) participated in a 10-night inpatient protocol with three nights of 10-hour baseline time in bed (TIB), five nights of SR (5-hour TIB), then two recovery (10-hour TIB) nights. Participants completed the Visual Object Learning Task (VOLT) and Fractal 2-Back (F2B; visual n-back) measuring working memory and the PVT (Joggle Research® battery) approximately every two hours during wake. During the VOLT, participants indicated whether presented images had been shown previously. Outcomes included number of misses and false alarms. During the F2B, participants tapped the screen when an image appeared that had been shown 2 images previously. Outcomes included sensitivity and specificity. Median split of mean PVT lapses after the last night of SR was used to categorize participants into “vulnerable” (n=8) versus “resistant” (n=7) groups. Outcomes were analyzed in mixed models with the predictor day*vulnerability, excluding the first three baseline days to preclude practice effects. Results There was a significant interaction between day and attentional vulnerability for VOLT misses (p<.001); misses increased linearly across days in vulnerable (b=.18, p<.001) but not resistant (p=.956) participants. There was no interaction between day and vulnerability for VOLT false alarms, which did not change across days. There was a significant interaction between day and attentional vulnerability for F2B sensitivity (p=.002); sensitivity increased linearly across days in resistant (b=.02, p<.001) but not in vulnerable (p=.273) participants. There was no interaction between day and vulnerability for F2B specificity, which did not change across days. Conclusion Performance on the VOLT decreased in vulnerable participants only; performance on the F2B improved in resistant participants likely due to practice effects not seen in vulnerable participants. Findings indicate vulnerability to attentional lapses after SR is a marker of vulnerability to working memory decrements. Support This study was funded by grant UL1TR000127 from the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (Chang PI) and the College of Health and Human Development at the Pennsylvania State University.

scholarly journals 0302 One Week of Recovery Sleep is Insufficient to Restore Sustained Attention Performance Following Three Weeks of Chronic Sleep Restriction

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A114-A114
Author(s):  
R K Yuan ◽  
K Zitting ◽  
N Vujovic ◽  
W Wang ◽  
O Buxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Neurobehavioral Performance ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss negatively impacts many aspects of neurobehavioral performance, including sustained attention and reaction times. However, the time course of recovery from chronic sleep restriction (CSR) is not well understood. To explore this, we assessed the effects of 3 weeks of CSR followed by 1 week of recovery on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance in healthy adults. Methods 8 healthy adults (27–71; 4f) participated in a 37-day inpatient study. The study consisted of 6 baseline (BL) days with 8–16 h time-in-bed, followed by 3 weeks of CSR (5-5.6h time-in-bed at night), and 1 week of recovery (RC; 8-10h time-in-bed). Sustained attention was assessed by 10-minute visual PVTs administered every 2h starting ~5h after wake (~4/day). Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to compare average reaction times (RT) and number of lapses, respectively, from the last 3 days of baseline, CSR, and recovery. Results Average RT was almost twice as long at the end of CSR compared to baseline (p<0.0001). Moreover, it remained significantly slower than baseline by roughly 173ms, even after 1 week of recovery (p<0.0001). Similarly, there was a threefold increase in the number of lapses at the end of CSR compared to baseline (p<0.0001) which remained elevated after one week of recovery (p<0.0001). Conclusion One week of recovery sleep of 8-10 h/night following 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction was insufficient for full recovery of sustained attention as assessed by PVT reaction time and number of lapses. This suggests that chronic sleep restriction has consequences on neurobehavioral performance that do not fully dissipate within one week. Support Study supported by P01AG009975 and conducted in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Center for Clinical Investigation, part of Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center supported by UL1TR001102. KMZ supported by a fellowship from the Finnish Cultural Foundation. RKY supported by T32HL007901 and F32HL143893. NV supported by T32HL007901 and F32AG051325.

043 Sleep Restriction Affects Memory in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Findings

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A18-A19
Author(s):  
Molly Zimmerman ◽  
Christiane Hale ◽  
Adam Brickman ◽  
Lok-Kin Yeung ◽  
Justin Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Condition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss has a range of detrimental effects on cognitive ability. However, few studies have examined the impact of sleep restriction on neuropsychological function using an experimental design. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which maintained insufficient sleep affects cognition in healthy adults compared to habitual adequate sleep. Methods This study used a randomized, crossover, outpatient sleep restriction design. Adults who regularly slept at least 7 h/night, verified by 2 weeks of screening with actigraphy, completed 2 phases of 6 weeks each: habitual sleep (>7 h of sleep/night) or sleep restriction (habitual sleep minus 1.5 h) separated by a 6-week washout period. During the sleep restriction phase, participants were asked to delay their bedtime by 1.5 hours/night while maintaining their habitual wake time. Neuropsychological function was evaluated with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery at baseline (week 0) and endpoint (week 6) of each intervention phase. The NIH Toolbox evaluates a range of cognitive abilities, including attention, executive functioning, and working memory. General linear models with post hoc paired t-tests were used to assess demographically-adjusted test scores prior to and following each sleep condition. Results At the time of analyses, 16 participants were enrolled (age 34.5□14.5 years, 9 women), 10 of whom had completed study procedures. An interaction between sleep condition and testing session revealed that individuals performed worse on List Sorting, a working memory test, after sleep restriction but improved slightly after habitual sleep (p<0.001). While not statistically reliable, the pattern of test results was similar on the other tests of processing speed, executive function, and attention. Conclusion In these preliminary results from this randomized experimental study, we demonstrated that sleep restriction has a negative impact while stable habitual adequate sleep has a positive impact on working memory, or the ability to temporarily hold information in mind while executing task demands. This finding contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between different aspects of sleep quality (i.e., both sleep restriction as well as the maintenance of stable sleep patterns) on cognition and underscores the importance of routine sleep screening as part of medical evaluations. Support (if any):

EXPRESS: Bored, distracted and forgetful – The impact of mind wandering and boredom on memory encoding

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110263
Author(s):  
Philippe Blondé ◽  
Marco Sperduti ◽  
Dominique Makowski ◽  
Pascale Piolino
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Thought Probes ◽  
The Impact

Mind wandering, defined as focusing attention toward task unrelated thoughts, is a common mental state known to impair memory encoding. This phenomenon is closely linked to boredom. Very few studies, however, have tested the potential impact of boredom on memory encoding. Thus, the present study aimed at manipulating mind wandering and boredom during an incidental memory encoding task, to test their differential impact on memory encoding. Thirty-two participants performed a variant of the n-back task in which they had to indicate if the current on-screen object was the same as the previous one (1-back; low working memory load) or the one presented three trials before (3-back; high working memory load). Moreover, thought probes assessing either mind wandering or boredom were randomly presented. Afterward, a surprise recognition task was delivered. Results showed that mind wandering and boredom were highly correlated, and both decreased in the high working memory load condition, while memory performance increased. Although both boredom and mind wandering predicted memory performance taken separately, we found that mind wandering was the only reliable predictor of memory performance when controlling for boredom and working memory load. Model comparisons also revealed that a model with boredom only was outperformed by a model with mind wandering only and a model with both mind wandering and boredom, suggesting that the predictive contribution of boredom in the complete model is minimal. The present results confirm the high correlation between mind wandering and boredom and suggest that the hindering effect of boredom on memory is subordinate to the effect of mind wandering.

scholarly journals 0304 Greater Slow-Wave Activity is Associated with Deteriorating Mood Across Sleep Restriction

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A115-A115
Author(s):  
O R Larson ◽  
C W Jones ◽  
M Basner ◽  
D F Dinges
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Rem Latency

Abstract Introduction Mood progressively deteriorates over consecutive days of sleep restriction. The neurobiological processes active during sleep that influence the risk of mood disturbance are unknown. This study investigated the relationships between physiological sleep parameters (i.e., slow-wave activity (SWA), slow-wave energy (SWE), rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep duration and latency), and self-reported measures of mood across sleep restriction. Methods N=181 healthy participants (48.1% female; 30±6.8 yrs) had valid polysomnography (PSG) and mood data. The study design included two baseline nights (8h time in bed [TIB]) followed by five nights of 4h TIB. PSG (EEG derivations C3-A2, Fz-A1, O2-A1) was collected on the second baseline night (B2), first night of 4h TIB (SR1), and the fifth night of 4h TIB (SR5). The Profile of Mood States was assayed on days following PSG. Power spectral analysis for SWE and SWA was conducted (delta power; band: 0.5-4.5 Hz). General linear regression models were used to independently assess the slope of SWE, SWA, percent REM of total sleep time (TST), and REM latency on mood disturbance across sleep restriction. Results At baseline, higher SWE (unadjusted; r=0.21; P=0.004) and SWA (unadjusted; r=0.19; P=0.007) were associated with greater mood disturbance; these relations were attenuated when adjusted for age and sex. No relation was found between mood and REM latency or REM percent of TST. The slope of mood disturbance from B2 to SR5 was associated with greater percentage increases in C3 SWA on SR5 relative to B2 (β=0.039; P=0.008); this association was not observed for SWE (β=-0.016; P=0.48). The slope of REM latency and REM percent of TST were not associated with the slope of mood disturbance. Conclusion Our results indicate that greater SWA due to sleep restriction was associated with greater mood disturbance, suggesting that less SWA may confer resilience to mood disturbances resulting from sleep restriction. Support This work was supported by National Institute of Health NIH R01NR004281 and National Space and Biomedical Research Institute NSRBI NCC 5-98.

scholarly journals 0291 Recovery Sleep Alleviates Mood Disturbance Following Chronic Sleep Restriction, Albeit Transiently and in a Dose-Dependent Manner

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A110-A110
Author(s):  
A Mange ◽  
C W Jones ◽  
M Kaizi-Lutu ◽  
M Basner ◽  
D F Dinges
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction Fatigue is one contributor to mood disturbance observed following sleep restriction; however, the contribution of other factors remains unclear. This study examined contributions to mood disturbance resulting from sleep restriction beyond that of fatigue, evaluated the benefit of recovery sleep, and assessed whether recovery sleep buffered the re-emergence of mood disturbance upon re-exposure to sleep restriction. Methods N=223 healthy participants (48% female; n=108) approximately 30-years-old (SD=6.89, range=22–45 years) completed two baseline nights of 8h time in bed (TIB), followed by five nights of 4h TIB, and were then then randomized to one of 7 sleep recovery opportunities (i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 hours TIB). Following the sleep period, a subset of participants (n=72) were re-exposed to five consecutive nights of 4h TIB. The profile of mood states (POMS) was completed every 2h during wakefulness and daily averages were calculated. The POMS total mood disturbance (TMD) score without the fatigue subscale (i.e., mood disturbance = TMD - fatigue) was the primary outcome to isolate changes in mood disturbance beyond fatigue. Individual growth curve models were applied to the trajectory of mood disturbance. General linear models were used to evaluate the dose-response function of mood disturbance after recovery sleep. Results Mood disturbance (absent the POMS fatigue scale) increased with each day of sleep restriction (β=1.550 per day; P<0.0001), and decreased with longer recovery sleep durations in a dose-dependent manner (β=-1.614 for every 2h increase; P<0.0001). The benefits of recovery sleep were abated by the second night of 4h sleep during re-exposure, where mood disturbance was slightly higher than that observed before recovery, but this difference was not statistically significant (β=0.046; P=0.85). Conclusion The study findings suggest that fatigue is not the only contributor to mood disturbance following sleep restriction. Recovery sleep attenuates mood disturbance in a dose-dependent manner, albeit transiently. Candidate pathways linking sleep restriction and mood include the immune system and the dynamics of sleep physiology. Support This work was funded by National Institute of Health NIH R01NR004281 and National Space and Biomedical Research Institute NSRBI NCC 5–98.

Effects of repetitive paired associative stimulation on brain plasticity and working memory in Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot randomized double-blind-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Reza Zomorrodi ◽  
Zaid Ghazala ◽  
Michelle S. Goodman ◽  
Daniel M. Blumberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Paired Associative Stimulation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Design: Pilot randomized double-blind-controlled trial of repetitive paired associative stimulation (rPAS), a paradigm that combines transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with peripheral median nerve stimulation. Objectives: To study the impact of rPAS on DLPFC plasticity and working memory performance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Thirty-two patients with AD (females = 16), mean (SD) age = 76.4 (6.3) years were randomized 1:1 to receive a 2-week (5 days/week) course of active or control rPAS. DLPFC plasticity was assessed using single session PAS combined with electroencephalography (EEG) at baseline and on days 1, 7, and 14 post-rPAS. Working memory and theta–gamma coupling were assessed at the same time points using the N-back task and EEG. Results: There were no significant differences between the active and control rPAS groups on DLPFC plasticity or working memory performance after the rPAS intervention. There were significant main effects of time on DLPFC plasticity, working memory, and theta–gamma coupling, only for the active rPAS group. Further, on post hoc within-group analyses done to generate hypotheses for future research, as compared to baseline, only the rPAS group improved on post-rPAS day 1 on all three indices. Finally, there was a positive correlation between working memory performance and theta–gamma coupling. Conclusions: This study did not show a beneficial effect of rPAS for DLPFC plasticity or working memory in AD. However, post hoc analyses showed promising results favoring rPAS and supporting further research on this topic. (Clinicaltrials.gov-NCT01847586)

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG HIGH AND LOW AROUSAL AFFECT AND COGNITIVE HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S963-S963
Author(s):  
Eric S Cerino ◽  
Martin Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Affective Influences ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) vary from moment-to-moment and these variations are associated with cognitive health. Past work has primarily focused on valence (negative/positive), however, largely ignoring the potential import of arousal (high/low). We address this gap by assessing the impact of high and low arousal NA and PA on daily cognition. A sample of 238 older adults (Mage=77.30 years, SD=5.14, Range=70–90) completed mobile surveys up to four times daily for 14 days. Participants reported current levels of high and low arousal NA and PA and performed processing speed and working memory tasks. For processing speed, there were significant within-person affect by age interactions. Moments when low arousal NA was higher than usual were associated with slower processing speed (Est.=0.87, SE=0.44, p<.05), and this effect was amplified in older participants (Est.=1.69, SE=0.60, p<.01). Moments when high arousal PA was higher than usual were associated with faster processing speed (Est.=-0.81, SE=0.40, p<.05), and this effect was amplified in younger participants (Est.=-1.81, SE=0.56, p<.01). For working memory, a significant within-person high arousal PA by age interaction emerged (Est.=0.001, SE=0.00, p=.046) such that moments when high arousal PA was higher than usual were marginally associated with worse working memory performance only among older participants (Est.=0.004, SE=0.002, p=.06). Results suggest momentary increases in low arousal NA and high arousal PA may confer greatest risk to daily cognitive health among older adults with more limited capacity and/or cognitive resources, whereas affective influences may be more facilitative among comparatively younger adults.

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