scholarly journals 1080 Self-reported Hyperarousal Predicts Lower Parasympathetic Activity During Slow-Wave Sleep In Trauma-exposed Individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A411-A411
Author(s):  
T L Ragas ◽  
K I Oliver ◽  
C Daffre ◽  
J Seo ◽  
K Gannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Ptsd Scale

Abstract Introduction Hyperarousal and abnormal autonomic functioning are among the core manifestations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we examined the association of parasympathetic activity during slow wave sleep (SWS) with self-reported hyperarousal measures in recently traumatized individuals. Methods Individuals exposed to a PTSD Criterion-A trauma within the past 2 years (N=76) aged 18-40 (mean 24.06, SD 4.76), of whom 43% met DSM-5 criteria for PTSD, underwent a night of ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) following an acclimation night. ECG recordings during SWS-sleep periods of at least 5 min were analyzed for 2 parasympathetic indices: Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) and High Frequency (0.14-0.4Hz) power (HF power) using Kubios software. Hyperarousal indices included the hyperarousal items from the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) excluding the sleep item #20 (PCLhyp), those from the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) including sleep items (CAPShyp), as well as a published Hyperarousal Scale (HAS) and Hypervigilance Questionnaire (HVQ). In addition, a Composite Hyperarousal Index (CHI) was computed from combined hyperarousal items on the PCL-5 and the CAPS-5 as well as the HAS total score. Results SWS RMSSD was negatively associated with PCLhyp (R = -.244, p = 0.035), CAPShyp (R = -.250, p = 0.03), CHI (R = -.280, p = 0.014), and HAS (R = -.229, p = 0.049). SWS HF power was negatively associated with CHI (R = -.227, p = 0.049). Conclusion The hyperarousal (Criterion E) symptoms of PTSD are associated with lowered parasympathetic tone during SWS across the spectrum of posttraumatic severity from resilient individuals to those diagnosed with PTSD. Support R01MH109638

scholarly journals 1081 Associations Among REM Density And Parasympathetic Activity, Nightmares, And Hyperarousal In Trauma-exposed Individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A411-A412
Author(s):  
K I Oliver ◽  
J A Hinton ◽  
C Daffre ◽  
J Dominguez ◽  
J Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Ptsd Diagnosis ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Ptsd Scale ◽  
Parasympathetic Tone ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Frequency Power

Abstract Introduction Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit autonomic hyperarousal and nightmares. We hypothesized that REM density (REMD) and REM heart rate variability would predict self-reported hyperarousal, nightmares, and PTSD diagnosis in trauma-exposed individuals. Methods Ninety-nine individuals (aged 18-40, 68 females) exposed to a DSM-5 PTSD criterion-A trauma within the past two years (48 meeting PTSD criteria) completed a night of ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) preceded by an acclimation night. REMD in scored sleep recordings were computed using the Matlab program written by Benjamin Yetton. Indices of parasympathetic tone during REM were computed using Kubios software and included Average Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) and High Frequency power (HFpower). Participants completed two weeks of sleep diaries with nightmare questionnaire and completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Hyperarousal-item scores were computed from the PCL-5 without the sleep item (PCLhyp) and from the CAPS-5 (CAPShyp), and these scores (with their sleep items) were combined into a Composite Hyperarousal Index (CHI). Nightmare rate was the proportion of sleep diaries reporting a nightmare. Simple regressions measured associations among REMD, REM parasympathetic indices, hyperarousal measures, and nightmare rate. Results REMD did not significantly predict PTSD diagnosis or hyperarousal scores but did predict decreased parasympathetic activity for both RMSSD (p= 0.002, R= -0.316) and HFpower (p= 0.016 R= -0.250). REMD predicted increased nightmare rate (p= 0.011 R= 0.262). Parasympathetic tone was negatively correlated with CAPShyp, PCLhyp, and CHI for both RMSSD (p= 0.04, 0.011, <0.000, respectively) and HFpower (p= 0.051, 0.021, 0.010, respectively). Lower parasympathetic tone also predicted PTSD diagnosis with both RMSSD (p=0.012, t=2.559) and HFpower (p=0.010, t=2.627), but did not predict nightmare rate. Conclusion REMD predicted decreased parasympathetic tone and higher nightmare rate. Parasympathetic tone, but not REMD, predicted hyperarousal and PTSD diagnosis. Support R01MH109638

scholarly journals Strengthening sleep–autonomic interaction via acoustic enhancement of slow oscillations

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Grimaldi ◽  
Nelly A Papalambros ◽  
Kathryn J Reid ◽  
Sabra M Abbott ◽  
Roneil G Malkani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is important for overall health since it affects many physiological processes including cardio-metabolic function. Sleep and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are closely coupled at anatomical and physiological levels. Sleep-related changes in autonomic function are likely the main pathway through which SWS affects many systems within the body. There are characteristic changes in ANS activity across sleep stages. Notably, in non-rapid eye-movement sleep, the progression into SWS is characterized by increased parasympathetic activity, an important measure of cardiovascular health. Experimental manipulations that enhance slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.5–4 Hz) can improve sleep-mediated memory and immune function. However, effects of SWA enhancement on autonomic regulation have not been investigated. Here, we employed an adaptive algorithm to deliver 50 ms sounds phase-locked to slow-waves, with regular pauses in stimulation (~5 s ON/~5 s OFF), in healthy young adults. We sought to determine whether acoustic enhancement of SWA altered parasympathetic activity during SWS assessed with heart rate variability (HRV), and evening-to-morning changes in HRV, plasma cortisol, and blood pressure. Stimulation, compared with a sham condition, increased SWA during ON versus OFF intervals. This ON/OFF SWA enhancement was associated with a reduction in evening-to-morning change of cortisol levels and indices of sympathetic activity. Furthermore, the enhancement of SWA in ON intervals during sleep cycles 2–3 was accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity (high-frequency, HRV). Together these findings suggest that acoustic enhancement of SWA has a positive effect on autonomic function in sleep. Approaches to strengthen brain–heart interaction during sleep could have important implications for cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Scalp EEG interictal high frequency oscillations as an objective EEG biomarker of infantile spasms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nariai ◽  
Shaun A. Hussain ◽  
Danilo Bernardo ◽  
Hirotaka Motoi ◽  
Masaki Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Epileptic Spasms

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic utility of high frequency oscillations (HFOs) via scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) in infantile spasms.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed interictal slow-wave sleep EEGs sampled at 2,000 Hz recorded from 30 consecutive patients who were suspected of having infantile spasms. We measured the rate of HFOs (80-500 Hz) and the strength of the cross-frequency coupling between HFOs and slow-wave activity (SWA) at 3-4 Hz and 0.5-1 Hz as quantified with modulation indices (MIs).ResultsTwenty-three patients (77%) exhibited active spasms during the overnight EEG recording. Although the HFOs were detected in all children, increased HFO rate and MIs correlated with the presence of active spasms (p < 0.001 by HFO rate; p < 0.01 by MIs at 3-4 Hz; p = 0.02 by MIs at 0.5-1 Hz). The presence of active spasms was predicted by the logistic regression models incorporating HFO-related metrics (AUC: 0.80-0.98) better than that incorporating hypsarrhythmia (AUC: 0.61). The predictive performance of the best model remained favorable (87.5% accuracy) after a cross-validation procedure.ConclusionsIncreased rate of HFOs and coupling between HFOs and SWA are associated with active epileptic spasms.SignificanceScalp-recorded HFOs may serve as an objective EEG biomarker for active epileptic spasms.HighlightsObjective analyses of scalp high frequency oscillations and its coupling with slow-wave activity in infantile spasms were feasible.Increased rate of high frequency oscillations and its coupling with slow-wave activity correlated with active epileptic spasms.The scalp high frequency oscillations were also detected in neurologically normal children (although at the low rate).

scholarly journals Parasympathetic activity is reduced during slow-wave sleep, but not resting wakefulness, in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Fatt ◽  
Jessica E. Beilharz ◽  
Michael Joubert ◽  
Chloe Wilson ◽  
Andrew R. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome
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