scholarly journals Strengthening sleep–autonomic interaction via acoustic enhancement of slow oscillations

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Grimaldi ◽  
Nelly A Papalambros ◽  
Kathryn J Reid ◽  
Sabra M Abbott ◽  
Roneil G Malkani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is important for overall health since it affects many physiological processes including cardio-metabolic function. Sleep and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are closely coupled at anatomical and physiological levels. Sleep-related changes in autonomic function are likely the main pathway through which SWS affects many systems within the body. There are characteristic changes in ANS activity across sleep stages. Notably, in non-rapid eye-movement sleep, the progression into SWS is characterized by increased parasympathetic activity, an important measure of cardiovascular health. Experimental manipulations that enhance slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.5–4 Hz) can improve sleep-mediated memory and immune function. However, effects of SWA enhancement on autonomic regulation have not been investigated. Here, we employed an adaptive algorithm to deliver 50 ms sounds phase-locked to slow-waves, with regular pauses in stimulation (~5 s ON/~5 s OFF), in healthy young adults. We sought to determine whether acoustic enhancement of SWA altered parasympathetic activity during SWS assessed with heart rate variability (HRV), and evening-to-morning changes in HRV, plasma cortisol, and blood pressure. Stimulation, compared with a sham condition, increased SWA during ON versus OFF intervals. This ON/OFF SWA enhancement was associated with a reduction in evening-to-morning change of cortisol levels and indices of sympathetic activity. Furthermore, the enhancement of SWA in ON intervals during sleep cycles 2–3 was accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity (high-frequency, HRV). Together these findings suggest that acoustic enhancement of SWA has a positive effect on autonomic function in sleep. Approaches to strengthen brain–heart interaction during sleep could have important implications for cardiovascular health.

nCPAP Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increases Slow Wave Sleep in Prefrontal EEG

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Eskelinen ◽  
Toomas Uibu ◽  
Sari-Leena Himanen
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage Scoring

According to standard sleep stage scoring, sleep EEG is studied from the central area of parietal lobes. However, slow wave sleep (SWS) has been found to be more powerful in frontal areas in healthy subjects. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients often suffer from functional disturbances in prefrontal lobes. We studied the effects of nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) treatment on sleep EEG, and especially on SWS, in left prefrontal and central locations in 12 mild to moderate OSAS patients. Sleep EEG was recorded by polysomnography before treatment and after a 3 month nCPAP treatment period. Recordings were classified into sleep stages. No difference was found in SWS by central sleep stage scoring after the nCPAP treatment period, but in the prefrontal lobe all night S3 sleep stage increased during treatment. Furthermore, prefrontal SWS increased in the second and decreased in the fourth NREM period. There was more SWS in prefrontal areas both before and after nCPAP treatment, and SWS increased significantly more in prefrontal than central areas during treatment. Regarding only central sleep stage scoring, nCPAP treatment did not increase SWS significantly. Frontopolar recording of sleep EEG is useful in addition to central recordings in order to better evaluate the results of nCPAP treatment.

The Sleep of Older Subjects Fifteen Years Later

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilse B. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Older Subjects

The EEG sleep of 5 subjects originally recorded in their early 50s was recorded 15 yr. later in their mid-60s. Increased within-sleep awakenings were present and shorter sleep stages. A modified slow wave scoring system resulted in an increased amount rather than the previously established decline in slow wave sleep with aging. Interpretive cautions necessary in extended-time studies are noted. Reliability of awakening measures across time was seen.

scholarly journals Parasympathetic activity is reduced during slow-wave sleep, but not resting wakefulness, in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Fatt ◽  
Jessica E. Beilharz ◽  
Michael Joubert ◽  
Chloe Wilson ◽  
Andrew R. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

Применение природного клиноптилолита в кормлении лошадей

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
R. V. Nekrasov ◽  
A. A. Zelenchenkova ◽  
M. G. Chabaev ◽  
Ç Tulunay ◽  
E. V. Shleg
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>We provided an inclusion of the mineral supplement as clinoptilolite (Nat-Min 9000, fraction 0-1 mm, 70 g per horse/day, Nat-Min 200, fraction 0-0.2 mm, 28 g per head/day) in the ration of sports horses and this was provided a positive effect on the body of experimental animals as evidenced by data of blood biochemistry. The studied blood values were within the physiological norms, the usage of clinoptilolite led to optimization of the biochemical profile of sports horses. The use of the adsorption additive Nat-Min did not adversely affect the concentration of fat-soluble vitamins A and E in the blood of experimental animals. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of vitamins A and E in the blood of the animals of the 2nd test group were above the control by 0.95 - 5.50 μmol/L and by 6.78 - 12.09 μmol/L (p &lt; 0.05) in 3rd test group compared to the control. At the same time, the concentration of vitamin B2 in the horse blood of experimental groups decreased by 0.0037 μmol/ml (p &lt;0.05) in 2nd experimental group and 0,0031 μmol/l in 3rd test group. The content of lysozyme in the blood of animals of the 2nd and 3rd test groups has increased relative to the control level by 0.13 and 0.16 μg/ml, respectively. Phagocytic activity in experimental groups has increased relative to control by 1.40%. A positive effect of the Nat-Min feed additive (fractions of 0-1 and 0-0.2 mm) on the physiological processes in the animals was also established. Variations of mineral additive fodder resulted in a generally equivalent positive biological effect, which makes it possible to recommend the use of clinoptilolite for horse feeding.</p>

Correlation between ventilation and brain blood flow during hypoxic sleep

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Santiago ◽  
J. A. Neubauer ◽  
N. H. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Ventilatory Depression

Ventilation and brain blood flow (BBF) were simultaneously measured during carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation in awake and sleeping goats up to HbCO levels of 40%. Unilateral BBF, which was continuously measured with an electromagnetic flow probe placed around the internal maxillary artery, progressively increased with CO inhalation in the awake and both sleep stages. The increase in BBF with CO inhalation during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (delta BBF/delta arterial O2 saturation = 1.34 +/- 0.27 ml X min-1 X %-1) was significantly greater than that manifested during wakefulness (0.87 +/- 0.14) or slow-wave sleep (0.92 +/- 0.13). Ventilation was depressed by CO inhalation during both sleep stages but was unchanged from base-line values in awake goats. In contrast to slow-wave (non-REM) sleep, the ventilatory depression of REM sleep was primarily due to a reduction in tidal volume. Since tidal volume is more closely linked to central chemoreceptor function, we believe that these data suggest a possible role of the increased cerebral perfusion during hypoxic REM sleep. Induction of relative tissue alkalosis at the vicinity of the medullary chemoreceptor may contribute to the ventilatory depression exhibited during this sleep period.

Unconstrained Sleep Stage Estimation Based on Respiratory Dynamics and Body Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (06) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hwang ◽  
Yu Lee ◽  
Do Jeong ◽  
Kwang Park
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

SummaryObjectives: The aim of this study is to establish a sleep monitoring method that can classify sleep into four stages in an unconstrained manner using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor for continuous and accurate estimation of sleep stages.Methods: The study participants consisted of 12 normal subjects and 13 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The physiological signals of the subjects were unconstrainedly measured using the PVDF sensor during polysomnography. The respiration and body movement signals were extracted from the PVDF data. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was estimated based on the average rate and variability of the respiratory signal. Wakefulness was detected based on the body movement signal. Variability of the respira -tory rate was chosen as an indicator for slow-wave sleep (SWS) detection. Sleep was divided into four stages (wake, light, SWS, and REM) based on the detection results.Results: The performance of the method was assessed by comparing the results with a manual scoring by a sleep physician. In an epoch-by-epoch analysis, the method classified the sleep stages with an average accuracy of 70.9 % and kappa statistics of 0.48. No significant differences were observed in the detection performance between the normal and OSA groups.Conclusions: The developed system and methods can be applied to a home sleep monitoring system.

Sleep-electroencephalography and the secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in normal controls

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steiger ◽  
T. Herth ◽  
F. Holsboer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Structure ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract. Sleep-electroencephalography, and the nocturnal secretion of cortisol and GH were investigated simultaneously in a sample of 25 male normal controls (27.1 ± 1.3 years) in order further to examine interaction between sleep structure and concurrent endocrine activity. Slow wave sleep activity was increased during the first part of the night, whereas cortisol concentration was low and GH output reached maximal levels. The second half of the night was characterized by a relative preponderance of REM-sleep, low GH-concentration, and an increase in cortisol. However, no distinct reciprocal interaction between cortisol and GH concentration was noted. In all subjects, a pronounced GH surge between 22.00 and 02.00 h was recorded which occurred independently of the presence of slow wave sleep. Six out of the 25 subjects showed nocturnal GH increases even before sleep onset. These data indicate that somatotropic cell activity during night is less dependent upon the sleeping state or specific conventially defined sleep stages than originally reported.

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