0221 Late Meals, Sleep Duration, and Sleep Fragmentation: Findings From the American Time Use Survey

Abstract Introduction Sleep hygiene recommendations discourage eating close to bedtime, though published data on the impact are not consistent. Associations between eating or drinking, within 1-hour prior to bedtime, sleep duration and sleep fragmentation were examined in a nationally-representative sample. Methods Data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), administered to a nationally representative sample of n=201,151 US residents aged ≥15 years were utilized. In an annual phone interview, ATUS participants were asked to record their activities during a 24-hour period (04:00am to 04:00am on the interview day) and were randomly selected to report weekdays or weekend activities. The present analysis included data from 2003–2018 and restricted to weekday respondents (n=124,242). Reporting of eating/drinking activities within 1-hour prior to bedtime was considered as a dichotomous variable (yes/no). Sleep fragmentation was defined as any awakening during the primary sleep episode (yes/no). Linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, cohabitation, education and employment, were used to examine associations between eating/drinking and sleep duration or sleep fragmentation. Results In this ATUS sample, 56% of respondents were female and the mean age was 45 years. Mean sleep duration was 8.02 (0.007) hours, and 6% of survey participants ate/drank within 1-hour prior to bedtime. Overall, eating/drinking within 1-hour prior to bedtime was associated with longer sleep duration (p<0.01). Women and men who ate/drank within 1-hour prior to bedtime, in comparison to those who did not, had 35 minutes and 26 minutes longer sleep duration (p- value<0.0001) Eating/drinking activities within 1-hour prior to bedtime were associated with 1.8 higher odds of fragmented sleep (p<0.001). Conclusion In this large population-based survey, weekday eating or drinking within 1-hour prior to bedtime was associated with sleep fragmentation and longer sleep duration. Causal pathways would be difficult to discern, though sleep fragmentation could lead to compensatory increases in sleep duration. Support None

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Associations between Bedtime Eating or Drinking, Sleep Duration and Wake after Sleep Onset: Findings from the American Time Use Survey

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003597 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Su I Iao ◽

Erica C. Jansen ◽

Kerby Shedden ◽

Louise M. O’Brien ◽

Ronald D. Chervin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Time Use ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Population Based ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Late Night ◽

Causal Pathways ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

The Impact

Abstract Sleep hygiene recommendations discourage eating before bedtime, however, the impact of mealtime on sleep has been inconsistent. We examined gender-stratified associations between eating or drinking <1, <2 and <3 hours before bedtime, sleep duration, and wake after sleep onset (WASO>30 minutes). This study utilized 2003-2018 data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), a nationally representative sample of US residents aged≥15. Participants recorded weekday/weekend activities during a 24-hour period. Age-specific Sleep duration and WASO were estimated categorically and continuously. Eating or drinking were identified from all activities recorded <1, <2 and <3 hours before bedtime. Mean±SE sleep duration was 8.0±0.006 hours, and 6% of participants ate or drank <1 hour prior to weekdays bedtime. Overall, eating or drinking <1 hour prior to bedtime was associated with longer weekdays sleep duration. Women and men who ate or drank <1 hour before bedtime, vs. those who did not, had 35 minutes [95%CI (30,39)] and 25 minutes [95%CI (21,29)] longer sleep duration, respectively, as well as increased odds of WASO; women [OR=2.03,95%CI (1.66,2.49)] and men [OR=2.64,95%CI (2.08,3.36)]. As the interval of eating or drinking prior to bedtime expanded, odds of short and long sleep durations and WASO decreased. This population-based data linked eating or drinking <1 hour before bedtime to longer sleep duration, but increased WASO. Eating or drinking further from bedtime lowers the odds of short and long sleep duration and WASO. Causal pathways are difficult to discern, though inefficient sleep after late-night eating could increase WASO and trigger compensatory increases in sleep duration.

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Sleep Duration and Waking Activities in Relation to the National Sleep Foundation’s Recommendations: An Analysis of US Population Sleep Patterns from 2015 to 2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6154

Author(s):

Michael Osei Mireku ◽

Alina Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Time Use ◽

Variance Estimation ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Weighted Estimates ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey

The objective was to investigate the association between time spent on waking activities and nonaligned sleep duration in a representative sample of the US population. We analysed time use data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 2015–2017 (N = 31,621). National Sleep Foundation (NSF) age-specific sleep recommendations were used to define recommended (aligned) sleep duration. The balanced, repeated, replicate variance estimation method was applied to the ATUS data to calculate weighted estimates. Less than half of the US population had a sleep duration that mapped onto the NSF recommendations, and alignment was higher on weekdays (45%) than at weekends (33%). The proportion sleeping longer than the recommended duration was higher than those sleeping shorter on both weekdays and weekends (p < 0.001). Time spent on work, personal care, socialising, travel, TV watching, education, and total screen time was associated with nonalignment to the sleep recommendations. In comparison to the appropriate recommended sleep group, those with a too-short sleep duration spent more time on work, travel, socialising, relaxing, and leisure. By contrast, those who slept too long spent relatively less time on each of these activities. The findings indicate that sleep duration among the US population does not map onto the NSF sleep recommendations, mostly because of a higher proportion of long sleepers compared to short sleepers. More time spent on work, travel, and socialising and relaxing activities is strongly associated with an increased risk of nonalignment to NSF sleep duration recommendations.

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What is the impact of recoding travel activities in the American Time Use Survey?

Monthly Labor Review ◽

10.21916/mlr.2018.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Allard

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

The Impact

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The Impact of Terrorism on Individual Well-Being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/ueaa053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 (631) ◽

pp. 2065-2104 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrew E Clark ◽

Orla Doyle ◽

Elena Stancanelli

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Regression Discontinuity ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Daily Data ◽

Boston Marathon Bombing ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Boston Marathon ◽

The Impact

Abstract A growing literature has concluded that terrorism affects the economy, yet less is known about its impact on individual welfare. This article estimates the impact of the 2013 Boston marathon bombing on well-being, exploiting representative daily data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Supplement. Using a combined regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design, with the 2012 Boston marathon as a counterfactual, we find an immediate reduction in well-being of a third of a standard deviation. In particular, happiness declined sharply and negative emotions rose significantly. While the effects do not persist beyond one week, they may entail adverse health and economic consequences.

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Gender Disparities in Parenting Time Across Activities, Child Ages, and Educational Groups

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x18770232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 3006-3028 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daniela Veronica Negraia ◽

Jennifer March Augustine ◽

Kate Chambers Prickett

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Time Use ◽

Gender Disparities ◽

Developmental Care ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Time Diary ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Educational Groups ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Changing Attitudes

Although gender gaps in parenting time endure for parents of young children, and in physical and developmental care, men’s changing attitudes toward egalitarian gender roles suggest that gender disparities in parenting time may have closed in some contexts: particularly, in other shared activities with children, when children are school aged or older, and among higher educated parents. We investigate these possibilities using weekday time diary data from a nationally representative survey of parents participating in the American Time Use Survey (2003-2014; N = 28,698). In contrast to our expectations, we find that the gender gap in parents’ time with children persists when children are older, and even grow for some activities; extend to several other forms of shared parent–child time; and is often largest for higher educated parents. At the same time, there are notable contexts in which the gaps disappear, although they encompass the most pleasant activities, and least intensive stages of parenting.

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Flexplace Work and Partnered Fathers’ Time in Housework and Childcare

Men and Masculinities ◽

10.1177/1097184x211014929 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1097184X2110149

Author(s):

Daniel L. Carlson ◽

Richard J. Petts ◽

Joanna R. Pepin

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Employment Status ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Housework Time ◽

Working From Home ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Work Family ◽

Using Data

Prior studies that show no association between fathers’ work flexibility and their domestic contributions suffer from measurement limitations and/or the lack of nationally representative data. Using data on fathers in different-sex partnerships (n = 1,956) from the 2017–2018 American Time Use Survey Leave Module, we examine three indicators (use, frequency of use and reason for use) of working from home—a work–family benefit is known as flexplace—and consider whether partners’ employment status moderates the association between flexplace and fathers’ time in domestic labor. Fathers who use flexplace benefits report more routine childcare, regardless of the reason for flexplace use or their partners’ employment status. The association between flexplace use and fathers’ housework time is conditional on their partners’ employment status and fathers’ rationale for working from home.

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