scholarly journals Flexplace Work and Partnered Fathers’ Time in Housework and Childcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2110149
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Richard J. Petts ◽  
Joanna R. Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Using Data

Prior studies that show no association between fathers’ work flexibility and their domestic contributions suffer from measurement limitations and/or the lack of nationally representative data. Using data on fathers in different-sex partnerships (n = 1,956) from the 2017–2018 American Time Use Survey Leave Module, we examine three indicators (use, frequency of use and reason for use) of working from home—a work–family benefit is known as flexplace—and consider whether partners’ employment status moderates the association between flexplace and fathers’ time in domestic labor. Fathers who use flexplace benefits report more routine childcare, regardless of the reason for flexplace use or their partners’ employment status. The association between flexplace use and fathers’ housework time is conditional on their partners’ employment status and fathers’ rationale for working from home.

scholarly journals Flexplace Work and Partnered Fathers’ Time in Housework and Childcare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Richard J. Petts ◽  
Joanna R. Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Work Family

Access to and use of work-family policies, especially by men, has direct implications for advancing gender equality. Using the 2017-18 American Time Use Survey Leave Module, the authors investigated the association between time spent working from home – a workplace benefit known as “flexplace” – among fathers in different-sex partnerships (n = 1,956) and their time spent in housework and childcare. The authors also considered whether these associations vary by their partners’ employment status. Findings show fathers’ use of flexplace was associated with increases in fathers’ time spent in routine housework, conditional that their partners worked full-time. Concomitantly, fathers’ use of flexplace was also associated with increases in their time spent providing childcare, particularly routine care, regardless of their partners’ labor force participation. This study updates our understanding of the links between fathers’ use of work-family benefits and their contributions to domestic labor at home, and expands our understanding of the viability of flexplace policies for achieving more equitable divisions of labor in families.

scholarly journals 0221 Late Meals, Sleep Duration, and Sleep Fragmentation: Findings From the American Time Use Survey

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A86-A86
Author(s):  
S Iao ◽  
K Shedden ◽  
E C Jansen ◽  
L M O’Brien ◽  
R D Chervin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sleep hygiene recommendations discourage eating close to bedtime, though published data on the impact are not consistent. Associations between eating or drinking, within 1-hour prior to bedtime, sleep duration and sleep fragmentation were examined in a nationally-representative sample. Methods Data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), administered to a nationally representative sample of n=201,151 US residents aged ≥15 years were utilized. In an annual phone interview, ATUS participants were asked to record their activities during a 24-hour period (04:00am to 04:00am on the interview day) and were randomly selected to report weekdays or weekend activities. The present analysis included data from 2003–2018 and restricted to weekday respondents (n=124,242). Reporting of eating/drinking activities within 1-hour prior to bedtime was considered as a dichotomous variable (yes/no). Sleep fragmentation was defined as any awakening during the primary sleep episode (yes/no). Linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, cohabitation, education and employment, were used to examine associations between eating/drinking and sleep duration or sleep fragmentation. Results In this ATUS sample, 56% of respondents were female and the mean age was 45 years. Mean sleep duration was 8.02 (0.007) hours, and 6% of survey participants ate/drank within 1-hour prior to bedtime. Overall, eating/drinking within 1-hour prior to bedtime was associated with longer sleep duration (p<0.01). Women and men who ate/drank within 1-hour prior to bedtime, in comparison to those who did not, had 35 minutes and 26 minutes longer sleep duration (p- value<0.0001) Eating/drinking activities within 1-hour prior to bedtime were associated with 1.8 higher odds of fragmented sleep (p<0.001). Conclusion In this large population-based survey, weekday eating or drinking within 1-hour prior to bedtime was associated with sleep fragmentation and longer sleep duration. Causal pathways would be difficult to discern, though sleep fragmentation could lead to compensatory increases in sleep duration. Support None

Sex-Typed Chores and the City: Gender, Urbanicity, and Housework

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Quadlin ◽  
Long Doan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Structural Demand ◽  
Using Data

How does place structure the gendered division of household labor? Because people’s living spaces and lifestyles differ dramatically across urban, suburban, and rural areas, it follows that time spent on household chores may vary across places. In cities, for example, many households do not have vehicles or lawns, and housing units tend to be relatively small. Urban men’s and women’s time use therefore provides insight into how partners contribute to household chores when there is less structural demand for the types of tasks they typically do. We examine these dynamics using data on heterosexual married individuals from the American Time Use Survey combined with the Current Population Survey. We find that urban men spend relatively little time on male-typed chores, but they spend the same amount of time on female-typed chores as their suburban and rural counterparts. This pattern suggests that urban men do not “step up” their involvement in female-typed tasks even though they contribute little in the way of other housework. In contrast, urbanicity rarely predicts women’s time use, implying that women spend considerable time on household chores regardless of where they live. Implications for research on gender and housework are discussed.

scholarly journals Time Use During the Great Recession

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1664-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Aguiar ◽  
Erik Hurst ◽  
Loukas Karabarbounis
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Market Work ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Separable Preferences ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the American Time Use Survey between 2003 and 2010, we document that home production absorbs roughly 30 percent of foregone market work hours at business cycle frequencies. Leisure absorbs roughly 50 percent of foregone market work hours, with sleeping and television watching accounting for most of this increase. We document significant increases in time spent on shopping, child care, education, and health. Job search absorbs between 2 and 6 percent of foregone market work hours. We discuss the implications of our results for business cycle models with home production and non-separable preferences. (JEL D31, E32, J22)

Gender Inequality in Housework: Persistence and Change by Partnership and Parenthood Status in the Early 2000s

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110317
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Chao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Couple Relationship ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Parenthood Status

Heterosexual unions and parenthood are key contributors to gender inequality in housework. Over the last two decades, the social meaning of partnership and parenthood has changed. This study investigated whether this change in the narrative of partnership and parenthood status influenced changes in the housework gender gap. Using the American Time Use Survey 2003–2005 and 2013–2015, the findings show that housework gender gap was larger for people in a couple relationship than for singles. For nonparents, the gender gap in housework was no difference between those married and those cohabiting. Gender inequality in housework persisted among married parents but decreased among cohabiting parents, mainly because of the increase in cohabiting fathers’ housework time. These findings suggest a heterosexual union, particularly marriage, reproduces conventional gender roles. Men’s gendered behaviors were not uniform but diverse across partnership and parenthood status.

How Money Matters

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Usdansky ◽  
Wendy M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
College Degree ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Relative Earnings ◽  
Gender Display ◽  
The Relationship

Using new data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the authors consider how educational and parental status influence the relationship between wives’ relative earnings and the time they devote to housework in a climate of heightened gender egalitarianism and growing similarity between women’s and men’s time use. The authors capitalize on the large samples in the American Time Use Survey to study four groups of wives whose varying educational and parental statuses strengthen tests of theoretical claims regarding bargaining, gender display, and wives’ autonomy. Among wives with children at home and without a college degree, the authors find that relative earnings bear a curvilinear relationship to housework time, supporting predictions derived from exchange and gender display theories. Among wives with children and a college degree, and among wives without children regardless of degree status, relative earnings are unrelated to housework. In contrast, wives’ own earnings are inversely related to housework time across all four groups. The authors’ analyses suggest that educational and parental contexts jointly shape the relationship between wives’ earnings and their housework and the relative importance of bargaining, gender display, and autonomy.

Gender Disparities in Parenting Time Across Activities, Child Ages, and Educational Groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3006-3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Veronica Negraia ◽  
Jennifer March Augustine ◽  
Kate Chambers Prickett
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Developmental Care ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Diary ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Although gender gaps in parenting time endure for parents of young children, and in physical and developmental care, men’s changing attitudes toward egalitarian gender roles suggest that gender disparities in parenting time may have closed in some contexts: particularly, in other shared activities with children, when children are school aged or older, and among higher educated parents. We investigate these possibilities using weekday time diary data from a nationally representative survey of parents participating in the American Time Use Survey (2003-2014; N = 28,698). In contrast to our expectations, we find that the gender gap in parents’ time with children persists when children are older, and even grow for some activities; extend to several other forms of shared parent–child time; and is often largest for higher educated parents. At the same time, there are notable contexts in which the gaps disappear, although they encompass the most pleasant activities, and least intensive stages of parenting.

Work time and well-being for workers at home: evidence from the American Time Use Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Giménez-Nadal ◽  
José Alberto Molina ◽  
Jorge Velilla
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Allocation Decisions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the time-allocation decisions of individuals who work from home (i.e. teleworkers), and compare them with their commuter counterparts. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003–2015, the authors analyze the time spent working, and the timing of work, of both commuters and teleworkers. Findings Results show that teleworkers devote 40 percent less time to market work activities than do commuters, and less than 60 percent of teleworkers work at “regular hours,” vs around 80 percent of their commuter counterparts. Using information from the Well-being Module for the years 2012 and 2013, the authors find that male teleworkers experience lower levels of negative feelings while working than do commuters. Originality/value This paper addresses the timing of work of workers working from home; and the instant well-being experienced, exploiting information at diary level.

scholarly journals Creating Versus Negating Togetherness: Perceptual and Emotional Differences in Parent-Teenager Reported Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Milkie ◽  
Dana Wray ◽  
Irene Boeckmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
School Day ◽  
Employed Parents

Time together is central to family life, and the question of how much time parents spend with children is vital to scholars. Although parents’ reports of time with children are taken as standard and reliable, assessing different family actors’ perspectives on time together may challenge this notion. Using the American Time Use Survey (2003-2018), we provide a unique window into parent-adolescent time, via a novel examination of precise questions about co-presence and emotions during daily activities. Comparing parents’ and teenagers’ reports of the amount and emotional valence of time spent together, we reveal considerable perceptual gaps – reflecting “ambiguous” rather than “objective” togetherness. Mothers report 24 hours per week of co-presence (“in the room with”) compared to adolescents’ 15 hours – a gap greater than an entire school day; father-teenager discrepancies are comparable. Discrepancies vary by parents’ employment status, with larger discrepancies between stay-at-home parent and adolescent reports. Though the perceptual gap is sizeable, the emotional one is not: both generations experience reported time together as more meaningful, happier and less stressful than time apart, partly due to the nature of activities and presence of other people. Employed parents and the more educated receive more of a well-being boost from adolescent co-presence compared to their counterparts. Ultimately, generational position and social statuses shape perceptions of co-presence, in the form of “creating” versus “negating” classifications of togetherness.

scholarly journals Cyclical Variation in Labor Hours and Productivity Using the ATUS

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Burda ◽  
Daniel S Hamermesh ◽  
Jay Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Weekly Work

We examine monthly variation in weekly work hours using data from 2003 to 2010. The data sources include the Current Population Survey (CPS) on hours/worker, the Current Employment Survey (CES) on hours/job, and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) on both. The ATUS data minimize recall difficulties and constrain hours of work to accord with total available time. The ATUS hours/worker are less cyclical than the CPS series, but the hours/job are more cyclical than the CES series. We present alternative estimates of productivity based on ATUS data, and find that it is more pro-cyclical than other productivity measures.

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