146 Better Aerobic Fitness Is Associated with Distinct Sleep Characteristics in Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A60-A60
Author(s):  
Ariel Neikrug ◽  
Shlomit Radom-Aizik ◽  
Ivy Chen ◽  
Annamarie Stehli ◽  
Kitty Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
Local Sleep

Abstract Introduction Aerobic fitness facilitates brain synaptic plasticity, which influences global and local sleep expression. While it is known that sleep patterns/behavior and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) tracks brain maturation, little is known about how aerobic fitness and sleep interact during development in youth. The aim of this pilot was to characterize relationships among aerobic fitness, measures of global/local sleep expression, and habitual sleep patterns in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that greater aerobic fitness would be associated with better sleep quality, indicated by increased SWA. Methods 20 adolescents (mean age=14.6±2.3 years old, range 11-17, 11 females) were evaluated for AF (peak VO2 assessed by ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry in the laboratory), habitual sleep duration and efficiency (continuous 7-14 day actigraphy with sleep diary), and topographic patterns of spectral power in slow wave, theta, and sleep spindle frequency ranges in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using overnight polysomnography with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG, 128 channels). Results Significant relationships were observed between peak VO2 and habitual bedtime (r=-0.604, p=0.013) and wake-up time (r=-0.644, p=0.007), with greater fitness associated with an earlier sleep schedule (going to bed and waking up earlier). Peak VO2 was a significant predictor of slow oscillations (0.5-1Hz, p=0.018) and theta activity (4.5-7.5Hz, p=0.002) over anterior frontal and central derivations (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) after adjusting for sex and pubertal development stage. Similar associations were detected for fast sleep spindle activity (13-16Hz, p=0.006), which was greater over temporo-parietal derivations. Conclusion Greater AF was associated with earlier habitual sleep times and with enhanced expression of developmentally-relevant sleep oscillations during NREM sleep. These data suggest that AF may 1) minimize the behavioral sleep delay commonly seen during adolescence, and 2) impact topographically-specific features of sleep physiology known to mechanistically support neuroplasticity and cognitive processes which are dependent on prefrontal cortex and hippocampal function in adolescents and adults. Support (if any) NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund

145 Aerobic Fitness Is Associated with Advanced Circadian Rhythms in Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A59-A60
Author(s):  
Ariel Neikrug ◽  
Shlomit Radom-Aizik ◽  
Ivy Chen ◽  
Annamarie Stehli ◽  
Kitty Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
Local Sleep

Abstract Introduction Aerobic fitness facilitates brain synaptic plasticity, which influences global and local sleep expression. While it is known that sleep patterns/behavior and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) tracks brain maturation, little is known about how aerobic fitness and sleep interact during development in youth. The aim of this pilot was to characterize relationships among aerobic fitness, measures of global/local sleep expression, and habitual sleep patterns in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that greater aerobic fitness would be associated with better sleep quality, indicated by increased SWA. Methods 20 adolescents (mean age=14.6±2.3 years old, range 11-17, 11 females) were evaluated for AF (peak VO2 assessed by ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry in the laboratory), habitual sleep duration and efficiency (continuous 7-14 day actigraphy with sleep diary), and topographic patterns of spectral power in slow wave, theta, and sleep spindle frequency ranges in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using overnight polysomnography with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG, 128 channels). Results Significant relationships were observed between peak VO2 and habitual bedtime (r=-0.604, p=0.013) and wake-up time (r=-0.644, p=0.007), with greater fitness associated with an earlier sleep schedule (going to bed and waking up earlier). Peak VO2 was a significant predictor of slow oscillations (0.5-1Hz, p=0.018) and theta activity (4.5-7.5Hz, p=0.002) over anterior frontal and central derivations (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) after adjusting for sex and pubertal development stage. Similar associations were detected for fast sleep spindle activity (13-16Hz, p=0.006), which was greater over temporo-parietal derivations. Conclusion Greater AF was associated with earlier habitual sleep times and with enhanced expression of developmentally-relevant sleep oscillations during NREM sleep. These data suggest that AF may 1) minimize the behavioral sleep delay commonly seen during adolescence, and 2) impact topographically-specific features of sleep physiology known to mechanistically support neuroplasticity and cognitive processes which are dependent on prefrontal cortex and hippocampal function in adolescents and adults. Support (if any) NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund

scholarly journals 0325 Better Aerobic Fitness is Associated with Distinct Sleep Characteristics in Children and Adolescents - A Pilot Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A123-A124
Author(s):  
A B Neikrug ◽  
S Radom-Aizik ◽  
I Y Chen ◽  
A Stehli ◽  
K K Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Time Consistency ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Local Sleep

Abstract Introduction Aerobic fitness facilitates brain synaptic plasticity, which influences global and local sleep expression. While it is known that sleep patterns/behavior and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) tracks brain maturation, little is known about how aerobic fitness and sleep interact during growth and development in children and adolescents. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize relationships among aerobic fitness, measures of global/local sleep expression, and habitual sleep patterns in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that greater aerobic fitness would be associated with better sleep quality, indicated by increased SWA. Methods Twenty healthy youth (11-17 years-old, 11 female) were evaluated during summer vacation (no school schedule constraints). Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) was measured using ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry, habitual sleep (i.e., sleep-time consistency and circadian activity patterns) was assessed with 7-day actigraphy, and ad lib sleep was evaluated during overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG; 128 channels). Spectral analysis was implemented to quantify SWA (0.5-4.5Hz). Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses and exploratory independent samples t-tests. Results Negative correlations were observed between VO2peak and sleep measures including sleep-time consistency (partial r=-0.53, p=0.045) and timing/acrophase of the circadian activity rhythm (partial r=-0.64, p=0.01) while controlling for sex and age. Additionally, after accounting for Tanner stage and sex, data demonstrated significant effects in SWA at frontal derivations (p=0.024) between low and high fitness levels at topographically specific and meaningful EEG derivations, e.g. over frontal cortex. Conclusion These results suggest that children and adolescents with greater fitness have less variability in sleep-times (improved sleep consistency), tend to have a more advanced circadian activity phase (i.e., go to sleep earlier), and express greater frontal SWA, supporting the hypothesis that fitness is associated with improved local and global sleep quality. Future research with larger samples is necessary to further evaluate these relationships, and to determine if interventions that improve fitness also improve sleep and related brain plasticity. Support NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund

scholarly journals Reactivating vocabularies in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Cordi ◽  
T. Schreiner ◽  
B. Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Swiss National Science Foundation ◽  
National Science ◽  
Function Of Sleep

AbstractQuality of memory and sleep decline with age, but the mechanistic interactions underlying the memory function of sleep in older adults are still unknown. It is widely assumed that the beneficial effect of sleep on memory relies on reactivation during Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and targeting these reactivations by cue re-exposure reliably improves memory in younger participants. Here we tested whether the reactivation mechanism during sleep is still functional in old age by applying targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during NREM sleep in healthy adults over 60 years. In contrast to previous studies in young participants, older adults’ memories do not generally benefit from TMR during NREM sleep. On an individual level, a subgroup of older adults still profited from cueing during sleep. These improvers tended to have a better sleep efficiency than non-improvers. In addition, the oscillatory results resembled those obtained in younger participants, involving increases in theta (~6Hz) and spindle (~13 Hz) power for remembered and gained words in a later time windows. In contrast, non-improvers showed no increases in theta activity and even strongly reduced spindle power for later gained vs. lost words. Our results suggest that reactivations during sleep might lose their functionality for memory in some older adults, while this mechanism is still intact in a subgroup of participants. Further studies need to examine more closely the determinants of preserving the memory function of sleep during healthy aging.Grant informationThe study was supported by grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) No. 100014_162388. T.S. is supported by a grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) No. P2ZHP1_164994.AbbreviationsN1 and N2Stage 1 and 2 sleepSWSSlow-wave sleepSWAslow-wave activityREMRapid eye movement sleepTSTTotal sleep timeTMRtargeted memory reactivation

Zebrafish as a tool in the study of sleep and memory-related disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefani Altenhofen ◽  
Carla Denise Bonan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Synaptic Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Wave Activity

: Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, being an essential biological necessity for the learning process and memory consolidation. The brain displays two types of electrical activity during sleep: slow-wave activity or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and desynchronized brain wave activity or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. There are many theories about “Why we need to sleep?” among them the synaptic homeostasis. This theory proposes that the role of sleep is the restoration of synaptic homeostasis, which is destabilized by synaptic strengthening triggered by learning during waking and by synaptogenesis during development. Sleep diminishes the plasticity load on neurons and other cells to normalize synaptic strength. In contrast, it re-establishes neuronal selectivity and the ability to learn, leading to the consolidation and integration of memories. The use of zebrafish as a tool to assess sleep and its disorders is growing, although sleep in this animal is not yet divided, for example, into REM and NREM states. However, zebrafish are known to have a regulated daytime circadian rhythm. Their sleep state is characterized by periods of inactivity accompanied by an increase in arousal threshold, preference for resting place, and the “rebound sleep effect” phenomenon, which causes an increased slow-wave activity after a forced waking period. In addition, drugs known to modulate sleep, such as melatonin, nootropics, and nicotine, have been tested in zebrafish. In this review, we discuss the use of zebrafish as a model to investigate sleep mechanisms and their regulation, demonstrating this species as a promising model for sleep research.

scholarly journals 0335 Frontal Expression of NREM Sleep Oscillations are Associated with Executive Function in Children and Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A127-A127
Author(s):  
K K Lui ◽  
B A Mander ◽  
S Radom-Aizik ◽  
M G Chappel-Farley ◽  
A Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Local Sleep

Abstract Introduction The prefrontal cortex, an area known for executive functioning (including inhibition and self-monitoring) develops during childhood and adolescents, with a pattern of posterior to anterior brain development. Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep, tracks brain development with high SWA power migrating from occipital to frontal region as brain maturation occurs. This pilot study aimed to examine whether slow wave topography is correlated with executive function in youth. Methods Seventeen healthy children and adolescents (ages 11-17; 10 females) underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was administered to assess executive function. SWA (SWA1: 0.5-1 Hz; SWA2: 1-4.5 Hz) and spindle (slow sigma: 11-13 Hz; fast sigma: 13-16 Hz) activity was analyzed with spectral analysis using Welch’s method. BRIEF subscales of inhibition and monitor were correlated with SWA and sigma power across all derivations, with Holm-Bonferroni correction (126 channels). Significant derivations were then controlled for sex and self-reported Tanner stage using multiple regression Results BRIEF-Inhibition scale (i.e., ability to repress impulsivity) and SWA1 in anterior frontal derivations were negatively correlated (R2=0.58, p=0.047 corrected). BRIEF-Monitor scale (i.e., self-perception of one’s own behavior and interpersonal awareness) was negatively correlated with fast sigma in anterior frontal derivations (R2=0.65, p=0.013 corrected). These associations were significant after controlling for sex and Tanner stage. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that NREM sleep oscillations are associated with executive function and reflect changes in neuroplasticity related to “back-to-front” brain maturation. Future longitudinal studies should combine multi-modal neuroimaging of brain structure and local sleep with comprehensive assessments of executive function to evaluate the possible link between local sleep and development of higher-order cognition in frontal brain regions in youth. Support NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund

scholarly journals Aerobic Fitness and the Sleeping Brain of Adolescents – A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel B Neikrug ◽  
Bryce A Mander ◽  
Shlomit Radom-Aizik ◽  
Ivy Y Chen ◽  
Annamarie Stehli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Sleep Phase Delay

Abstract Study Objectives Aerobic fitness (AF) and sleep are major determinants of health in adolescents and impact neurocognitive and psychological development. However, little is known about the interactions between AF and sleep during the developmental transition experienced across adolescence. This study aimed to consider the relationships between AF and habitual sleep patterns and sleep neurophysiology in healthy adolescents. Methods Subjects (mean age=14.6±2.3 years old, range 11-17, 11 females) were evaluated for AF (peak VO2 assessed by ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry in the laboratory), habitual sleep duration and efficiency (7-14 days actigraphy), and topographic patterns of spectral power in slow wave, theta, and sleep spindle frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using overnight polysomnography with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG, 128 channels). Results Significant relationships were observed between peak VO2 and habitual bedtime (r=-0.650, p=0.009) and wake-up time (r=-0.603, p=0.017), with greater fitness associated with going to bed and waking up earlier. Peak VO2 significantly predicted slow oscillations (0.5-1Hz, p=0.018) and theta activity (4.5-7.5Hz, p=0.002) over anterior frontal and central derivations (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) after adjusting for sex and pubertal development stage. Similar associations were detected for fast sleep spindle activity (13-16Hz, p=0.006), which was greater over temporo-parietal derivations. Conclusions Greater AF was associated with a more mature pattern of topographically-specific features of sleep EEG known to support neuroplasticity and cognitive processes and which are dependent on prefrontal cortex and hippocampal function in adolescents and adults. AF was also correlated with a smaller behavioral sleep phase delay commonly seen during adolescence.

scholarly journals Manipulating neural activity and sleep-dependent memory consolidation

Neuroforum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorbani ◽  
Lisa Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Hippocampus Dependent Memory

AbstractSleep contributes actively to the consolidation of many forms of memory. This review describes the neural oscillations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the structures underlying these oscillations and their relation to hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. A main focus lies on the relation between inter- and intraregional interactions and their electrophysiological representation. Methods for modulating neural oscillations with the intent of affecting memory consolidation are presented.

Increased interictal spike activity associated with transient slow wave trains during non-rapid eye movement sleep

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Przemyslaw Ujma ◽  
Péter Simor ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Dániel Fabó ◽  
Anna Kelemen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Interictal Spike ◽  
Wave Trains

Sleep Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Mechanism

Recent research has generated an enormous fund of knowledge about the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness. Sleeping and waking brain circuits can now be studied by sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that map different areas of the brain during different sleep states and stages. Although the exact biologic functions of sleep are not known, sleep is essential, and sleep deprivation leads to impaired attention and decreased performance. Sleep is also believed to have restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and consolidative functions. This review discusses the physiology of sleep, including its two independent states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, as well as functional neuroanatomy, physiologic changes during sleep, and circadian rhythms. The classification and diagnosis of sleep disorders are discussed generally. The diagnosis and treatment of the following disorders are described: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy-cataplexy sydrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and parasomnias. Sleep-related movement disorders and the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders are also discussed. Tables describe behavioral and physiologic characteristics of states of awareness, the international classification of sleep disorders, common sleep complaints, comorbid insomnia disorders, causes of excessive daytime somnolence, laboratory tests to assess sleep disorders, essential diagnostic criteria for RLS and Willis-Ekbom disease, and drug therapy for insomnia. Figures include polysomnographic recording showing wakefulness in an adult; stage 1, 2, and 3 NREM sleep in an adult; REM sleep in an adult; a patient with sleep apnea syndrome; a patient with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; a patient with RLS; and a patient with dream-enacting behavior; schematic sagittal section of the brainstem of the cat; schematic diagram of the McCarley-Hobson model of REM sleep mechanism; the Lu-Saper “flip-flop” model; the Luppi model to explain REM sleep mechanism; and a wrist actigraph from a man with bipolar disorder. This review contains 14 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 115 references, and 5 MCQs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document