scholarly journals Intermittent maternofetal O2 supplementation during late gestation rescues placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction and metabolic pathologies in the neonatal lamb

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1696-1700
Author(s):  
Caitlin N Cadaret ◽  
Robert J Posont ◽  
Rebecca M Swanson ◽  
Joslyn K Beard ◽  
Taylor L Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Cytokine Profiles of Trophoblast Antigen-Stimulated Maternal Lymphocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Raghupathy ◽  
Majedah Al-Azemi ◽  
Fawaz Azizieh
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ifnγ And Tnfα

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important perinatal syndrome that poses several serious short- and long-term effects. We studied cytokine production by maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by trophoblast antigens. 36 women with a diagnosis of IUGR and 22 healthy women with normal fetal growth were inducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with trophoblast antigens and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ, and TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. IL-8 was produced at higher levels by blood cells of the IUGR group than normal pregnant women, while IL-13 was produced at lower levels. IL-8, IFNγ, and TNFα were higher in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in normal pregnancy. IL-12 levels were higher and IL-10 levels were lower in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in IUGR without placental insufficiency. We suggest that a stronger pro-inflammatory bias exists in IUGR as compared to normal pregnancy and in IUGR with placental insufficiency when compared to IUGR without placental insufficiency. Several ratios of proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines also support the existence of an inflammatory bias in IUGR.

scholarly journals Consequences in Infants That Were Intrauterine Growth Restricted

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Cosmi ◽  
Tiziana Fanelli ◽  
Silvia Visentin ◽  
Daniele Trevisanuto ◽  
Vincenzo Zanardo
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽  
Short And Long Term

Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition fetus does not reach its growth potential and associated with perinatal mobility and mortality. Intrauterine growth restriction is caused by placental insufficiency, which determines cardiovascular abnormalities in the fetus. This condition, moreover, should prompt intensive antenatal surveillance of the fetus as well as follow-up of infants that had intrauterine growth restriction as short and long-term sequele should be considered.

scholarly journals Catecholamines Mediate Multiple Fetal Adaptations during Placental Insufficiency That Contribute to Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Lessons from Hyperthermic Sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Yates ◽  
A. S. Green ◽  
S. W. Limesand
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Placental insufficiency (PI) prevents adequate delivery of nutrients to the developing fetus and creates a chronic state of hypoxemia and hypoglycemia. In response, the malnourished fetus develops a series of stress hormone-mediated metabolic adaptations to preserve glucose for vital tissues at the expense of somatic growth. Catecholamines suppress insulin secretion to promote glucose sparing for insulin-independent tissues (brain, nerves) over insulin-dependent tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose). Likewise, premature induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis helps maintain fetal glucose and appears to be stimulated by both norepinephrine and glucagon. Reduced glucose oxidation rate in PI fetuses creates a surplus of glycolysis-derived lactate that serves as substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis. These adrenergically influenced adaptive responses promotein uterosurvival but also cause asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age infants that are at greater risk for serious metabolic disorders throughout postnatal life, including obesity and type II diabetes.

scholarly journals Extrinsic Factors Influencing Fetal Deformations and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Moh ◽  
John M. Graham ◽  
Isha Wadhawan ◽  
Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Uterine Malformation

The causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are multifactorial with both intrinsic and extrinsic influences. While many studies focus on the intrinsic pathological causes, the possible long-term consequences resulting from extrinsic intrauterine physiological constraints merit additional consideration and further investigation. Infants with IUGR can exhibit early symmetric or late asymmetric growth abnormality patterns depending on the fetal stage of development, of which the latter is most common occurring in 70–80% of growth-restricted infants. Deformation is the consequence of extrinsic biomechanical factors interfering with normal growth, functioning, or positioning of the fetus in utero, typically arising during late gestation. Biomechanical forces play a critical role in the normal morphogenesis of most tissues. The magnitude and direction of force impact the form of the developing fetus, with a specific tissue response depending on its pliability and stage of development. Major uterine constraining factors include primigravida, small maternal size, uterine malformation, uterine fibromata, early pelvic engagement of the fetal head, aberrant fetal position, oligohydramnios, and multifetal gestation. Corrective mechanical forces similar to those that gave rise to the deformation to reshape the deformed structures are often used and should take advantage of the rapid postnatal growth to correct form.

scholarly journals Selenium is a functional component of the female reproductive system. Its role in pregnancy complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
G.K. Sadykova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Olina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Functional Component ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
In Pregnancy

This paper reviews studies on selenium (Se) in human reproduction. Low Se intake is associated with the development of gestational hypertension, miscarriage, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and thyroid gland dysfunction. Therefore, studies on the association between Se deficiency and impaired folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and infertility in women are of great interest. Unfortunately, these studies are scarce, and further studies are needed. A significant antioxidant activity of Se-containing enzymes allows for minimizing risks of obstetrical complications associated with placental insufficiency. Therefore, selenium is vital for realizing female reproductive function. However, even given potential risks of insufficient Se-containing product intake, the authors find it unacceptable to recommend Se dotation in the population since toxic effects of Se excess are yet to be fully explored. Further studies on Se biological effects will extend the scope of its use in obstetrics and gynecology in terms of a preventive approach. KEYWORDS: selenium, placental insufficiency, folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, antioxidant, miscarriage, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction. FOR CITATION: Sadykova G.K., Olina A.A. Selenium is a functional component of the female reproductive system. Its role in pregnancy complications. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(4):328–332 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-4- 328-332.

scholarly journals Compromised Respiratory Function in Postnatal Lambs after Placental Insufficiency and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda J Joyce ◽  
Samantha Louey ◽  
Marcus G Davey ◽  
Megan L Cock ◽  
Stuart B Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth
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