Effects of foliar nitrogen concentration on photosynthesis and water use efficiency in Douglas-fir

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mitchell ◽  
T. M. Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency

Comparison of Desert-Adapted Helianthus niveus (Benth.) Brandegee ssp. tephrodes (A. Gray) Heiser to Cultivated H. annuus L. for Putative Drought Avoidance Traits at Two Ontogenetic Stages

Helia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (64) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Bowsher ◽  
Ethan F. Milton ◽  
Lisa A. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractWater availability is a major factor limiting plant productivity in both natural and agronomic systems. Identifying putative drought resistance traits in crops and their wild relatives may be useful for improving crops grown under water-limiting conditions. Here, we tested the expectation that a desert-dwelling sunflower species, Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes (TEPH) would exhibit root and leaf traits consistent with greater ability to avoid drought than cultivated sunflower H. annuus (ANN) in a common garden environment. We compared TEPH and ANN at both the seedling and mature stages under well-watered greenhouse conditions. For traits assessed at the seedling stage, TEPH required a longer time to reach a rooting depth of 30 cm than ANN, and the two species did not differ in root:total biomass ratio at 30 cm rooting depth, contrary to expectations. For traits assessed at the mature stage, TEPH had a higher instantaneous water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate on a leaf area basis, but a lower photosynthetic rate on a mass basis than ANN, likely due to TEPH having thicker, denser leaves. Contrary to expectations, ANN and TEPH did not differ in leaf instantaneous stomatal conductance, integrated water-use efficiency estimated from carbon isotope ratio, or nitrogen concentration. However, at both the seedling and mature stages, TEPH exhibited a lower normalized difference vegetative index than ANN, likely due to the presence of dense leaf pubescence that could reduce heat load and transpirational water loss under drought conditions. Thus, although TEPH root growth and biomass allocation traits under well-watered conditions do not appear to be promising for improvement of cultivated sunflower, TEPH leaf pubescence may be promising for breeding for drought-prone, high radiation environments.

Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in different-aged Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 149 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1168-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachhpal S. Jassal ◽  
T. Andrew Black ◽  
David L. Spittlehouse ◽  
Christian Brümmer ◽  
Zoran Nesic
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Use Efficiency

Comparison of ecosystem water-use efficiency among Douglas-fir forest, aspen forest and grassland using eddy covariance and carbon isotope techniques

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÉPHANE PONTON ◽  
LAWRENCE B. FLANAGAN ◽  
KARRIN P. ALSTAD ◽  
BRUCE G. JOHNSON ◽  
KAI MORGENSTERN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Isotope Techniques ◽  
Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Aspen Forest

scholarly journals Foliar Spray of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Raised Bed Increases Yield of Transplanted Aman Rice over Conventional Method

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. M. Bhuyan ◽  
Mst. R. Ferdousi ◽  
M. T. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Planting Method

Bed planting with foliar nitrogen fertilizer application of rice production systems is very new, and research on it is still at introductory phase. Influence of foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of transplanted aman rice and evaluation of water and fertilizer application efficiency of rice-fallow-rice cropping system were investigated under raised bed cultivation method. Results showed that foliar spray in bed planting method increased grain yield of transplanted aman rice up to 9.33% over conventional method. Foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting method increased the number of panicle m−2, number of grains panicle−1, and 1000-grain weight of rice than the conventional method. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower at foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting method than the conventional method. Thirty-nine percent of irrigation water and time for application could be saved through foliar nitrogen spray in bed planting than conventional method. Water use efficiency for grain and biomass production was higher by foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting than conventional method. Likewise, agronomic efficiency of foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting method was higher than the conventional method. This study concluded that foliar nitrogen spray in bed planting method is a new approach to get fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield compared to existing agronomic practice in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Legumes are different: Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (15) ◽  
pp. 4098-4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Andrew Adams ◽  
Tarryn L. Turnbull ◽  
Janet I. Sprent ◽  
Nina Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Actinorhizal Species ◽  
Leaf N

Using robust, pairwise comparisons and a global dataset, we show that nitrogen concentration per unit leaf mass for nitrogen-fixing plants (N2FP; mainly legumes plus some actinorhizal species) in nonagricultural ecosystems is universally greater (43–100%) than that for other plants (OP). This difference is maintained across Koppen climate zones and growth forms and strongest in the wet tropics and within deciduous angiosperms. N2FP mostly show a similar advantage over OP in nitrogen per leaf area (Narea), even in arid climates, despite diazotrophy being sensitive to drought. We also show that, for most N2FP, carbon fixation by photosynthesis (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs) are not related to Narea—in distinct challenge to current theories that place the leaf nitrogen–Asat relationship at the center of explanations of plant fitness and competitive ability. Among N2FP, only forbs displayed an Narea–gs relationship similar to that for OP, whereas intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi; Asat/gs) was positively related to Narea for woody N2FP. Enhanced foliar nitrogen (relative to OP) contributes strongly to other evolutionarily advantageous attributes of legumes, such as seed nitrogen and herbivore defense. These alternate explanations of clear differences in leaf N between N2FP and OP have significant implications (e.g., for global models of carbon fluxes based on relationships between leaf N and Asat). Combined, greater WUE and leaf nitrogen—in a variety of forms—enhance fitness and survival of genomes of N2FP, particularly in arid and semiarid climates.

scholarly journals Protected Fresh Grapefruit Cultivation Systems: Antipsyllid Screen Effects on Plant Growth and Leaf Transpiration, Vapor Pressure Deficit, and Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi ◽  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
Brian J. Boman ◽  
Arnold W. Schumann ◽  
Fred G. Gmitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Use Efficiency

Completely enclosed screen houses can physically exclude contact between the asian citrus psyllid [ACP (Diaphorina citri)] and young, healthy citrus (Citrus sp.) trees and prevent huanglongbing (HLB) disease development. The current study investigated the use of antipsyllid screen houses on plant growth and physiological parameters of young ‘Ray Ruby’ grapefruit (Citrus ×paradisi) trees. We tested two coverings [enclosed screen house and open-air (control)] and two planting systems (in-ground and container-grown), with four replications arranged in a split-plot experimental design. Trees grown inside screen houses developed larger canopy surface area, canopy surface area water use efficiency (CWUE), leaf area index (LAI) and LAI water use efficiency (LAIWUE) relative to trees grown in open-air plots (P < 0.01). Leaf water transpiration increased and leaf vapor pressure deficit (VPD) decreased in trees grown inside screen houses compared with trees grown in the open-air plots. CWUE was negatively related to leaf VPD (P < 0.01). Monthly leaf nitrogen concentration was consistently greater in container-grown trees in the open-air compared with trees grown in-ground and inside the screen houses. However, trees grown in-ground and inside the screen houses did not experience any severe leaf N deficiencies and were the largest trees, presenting the highest canopy surface area and LAI at the end of the study. The screen houses described here provided a better growing environment for in-ground grapefruit because the protective structures accelerated young tree growth compared with open-air plantings while protecting trees from HLB infection.

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